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In a globalized economy logistics has become a crucial area for the success of companies. For this reason distribution logistics is the most important and complex part of logistics. An efficient and effective management of distribution logistics is a key issue for the success of a company.

One of them is to optimize one of the objectives while appending the other objectives to a constraint set so that the optimal solution would satisfy these objectives at least up to a predetermined level.

This study investigates the dynamic welfare effects of exposure to trade in a new trade model, which is extended by firm heterogeneity. Finally, it combines the Heckscher-Ohlin model and a new trade model with horizontal multinational firms.

Vector optimization model has found many important applications in decision making problems such as those in economics theory, management science, and engineering design (since the introduction of the Pareto optimal solu tion in 1896).

The success of metaheuristics on hard single-objective optimization problems is well recognized today. However, many real-life problems require taking into account several conflicting points of view corresponding to multiple objectives.

Market-conform pricing means that prices of existing actively traded securities are taken as given, and then the set of equivalent martingale measures that are consistent with the initial prices of the traded securities is derived using no-arbitrage arguments.

Ryu requested some of our data and asked for several of our papers with the express pur pose of introducing functional forms of Lorenz curves that Ryu felt would do a better job of approximating the empirical Lorenz curve.

Policy evaluation and programme choice are important tools for informed decision-making, for the administration of active labour market programmes, training programmes, tuition subsidies, rehabilitation programmes etc.

Approaches to project scheduling under resource constraints are discussed in this book. After an overview of different models, it deals with exact and heuristic scheduling algorithms. Finally, it is shown how the models and methods discussed here can be applied to projects in research and development as well as market research.

In particular, the theme (MCDM and Its Worldwide Role in Risk-Based Decision Making) of the XIVth International Conference on Multiple Criteria Decision Making (Charlottesville, Virginia, USA, June 8-12, 1998) represents the growing importance of risk-cost-benefit analysis in decision making and in engineering design and manufacturing.

The description of the raw data showed that the production choices are considerably dispersed, but nevertheless systematically biased to ward the respective player's efficient production level.

By analyzing the implications of three variants of collective bargaining - efficient bargaining in a uniform and a segmented labor market and "right-to-manage" wage bargaining - it identifies the quantity of money, price expectations, union power, and union size as the determinants of temporary equilibria.

Statistical analysis of stock markets and foreign exchange markets has demonstrated the intermittent nature of economic time series. This monograph introduces new concepts of unstable periodic orbits and chaotic saddles, which are unstable structures embedded in a chaotic attractor and responsible for economic intermittency.