Grammatik, syntaks og morfologi

This text is a must-have for everyone attempting to get a better grasp of the grammar of English, especially as it applies to its present-day usage. It is a useful guide for learners of English for academic purposes, for business purposes, for everyday communication and for foreign communication. Good knowledge of grammar is a necessity for all categories of learners. This book is a numero uno.

Cette grammaire anglaise d'un ton très nouveau est centrée sur le traitement des lacunes spécifiques des francophones s'exprimant en anglais.Le public ciblé va des lycéens aux étudiants du supérieur, en passant par ceux des classes préparatoires et aussi les jeunes collègues enseignants d'anglais qui peinent parfois à justifier rationnellement tel ou tel aspect de la langue anglaise.Les candidats au baccalauréat, aux examens et concours du Supérieur, aux concours d'entrée aux grandes écoles et aux épreuves du TOEFL et du TOEIC y trouveront une aide précieuse.Mais on ne saurait non plus oublier tous ceux qui, par goût ou par nécessité professionnelle, s'intéressent à la langue anglaise et veulent asseoir leurs connaissances.L'ouvrage, comme son titre l'indique, vous fera connaître la grammaire anglaise et comprendre la logique interne de cette langue devenue quasi universelle.L'auteur, professeur agrégé d'anglais, a enseigné en lycée et en classes préparatoires.

This fun and engaging visual guide will help learners of English to practice phrasal verbs and understand their meanings.Learn more than 1,000 of the most common and useful English phrasal verbs using the effective English for Everyone visual method. Phrasal verbs (two- or three-part verbs such as "put off", "put on", "put up with") are incredibly useful, but notoriously difficult to learn. English for Everyone: Phrasal Verbs uses the same combination of visual teaching and crystal-clear definitions as the rest of the English for Everyone series to make one of the most difficult aspects of learning English much easier. More than 1,000 phrasal verbs are presented in context, together with easy-to-understand definitions and attractive illustrations. Each teaching module is based around a practical or everyday topic (such as technology, relationships, or work) and is followed by practice exercises to help students remember what they have just learned. At the front of the book, a short grammar section shows learners how phrasal verbs work.

This volume will be the first full-length exploration in any language of the details of the history of the Japanese language written by experts in the different subfields of linguistics. Overall, while including factual and background information, the volume will focus on presenting original research of lasting value. This includes presenting the latest research on better studied topics, such as segmental phonology, accent or focus constructions, as well as both introducing areas of study which have traditionally been underrepresented, such as syntax or kanbun materials, and showing how they contribute to a fuller understanding of all of the history of Japanese. Chapter titles IntroductionPart I: Individual Periods of the Japanese LanguageSection 1: Prehistory and ReconstructionChapter 1: Comparison with other languages (John Whitman, NINJAL)Chapter 2: Reconstruction based on external sources: Ainu, Chinese dynastic histories, and Korean chronicles (Alexander Vovin, University of Hawai'i at Manoa)Chapter 3: Reconstruction from the standpoint of Ryukyuan (Thomas Pellard, CNRS)Chapter 4: (Morpho)phonological reconstruction (Teruhiro Hayata)Chapter 5: Morpho(phono)logical reconstruction (Bjarke Frellesvig, University of Oxford)Chapter 6: Towards the accentual reconstruction of Japanese (Akiko Matsumori, NINJAL)Section II: Old JapaneseChapter 7: Word order and alignment (Yuko Yanagida, University of Tsukuba)Chapter 8: What mokkan can tell us about Old and pre-Old Japanese (Takashi Inukai, Aichi Prefectural University)Chapter 9: Eastern Old Japanese (Kerri Russell)Section III: Early Middle Japanese Chapter 10: Morphosyntax (Yoshiyuki Takayama, Fukui University)Chapter 11: Varieties of kakarimusubi in Early Middle Japanese (Charles Quinn, The Ohio State University)Chapter 12: Linguistic variation (Takuya Okimori)Section IV: Late Middle JapaneseChapter 13: The morphosyntax of Late Middle Japanese (Hirofumi Aoki, Kyushu University)Chapter 14: Late Middle Japanese phonology, based on Korean materials (Sven Osterkamp, Bochum University)Chapter 15: Phonology, based on Christian materials (Masayuki Toyoshima)Section V: Modern JapanChapter 16: The social context of materials on Early Modern Japanese (Michinao Morohoshi, Kokugakuin University)Chapter 17: Meiji language, including what sound recordings can tell us (Yasuyuki Shimizu)Chapter 18: Syntactic influence of European languages on Japanese (Satoshi Kinsui, Osaka University)Part II: Materials and WritingSection VI: WritingChapter 19: Old and Early Middle Japanese writing (James Unger, The Ohio State University)Chapter 20: The continued use of kanji in writing Japanese (Shinji Konno, Seisen University)Chapter 21: History of indigenous innovations in kanji and kanji usage [particularly: kokuji and wasei kango] (Yoshihiko Inui) Chapter 22: From hentai kanbun to sorobun (Tsutomu Yada)Section VII: Kanbun-based MaterialsChapter 23: Kunten texts of Buddhist provenance (Masayuki Tsukimoto, Tokyo University)Chapter 24: Kunten Texts of Secular Chinese Provenance (Teiji Kosukegawa)Chapter 25: Vernacularized written Chinese (waka kanbun) (Shingo Yamamoto, Shirayuri Women's University)Chapter 26: Early modern kanbun and kanbun kundoku (Fumitoshi Saito, Nagoya University)Chapter 27: A comparison of glossing traditions in Japan and Korea (John Whitman, NINJAL)Chapter 28: Influence of kanbun-kundoku on Japanese (Valerio Alberizzi, Waseda University)Part III: Broader Changes over TimeSection VIII: Lexis/PragmaticsChapter 29: History of basic vocabulary (John Bentley, University of Northern Illinois)Chapter 30: History of Sino-Japanese vocabulary (Seiya Abe and Akihiro Okajima)Chapter 31: The history of mimetics in Japanese (Masahiro Ono, Meiji University)Chapter 32: The history of honorifics and polite language (Yukiko Moriyama, Doshisha University)Chapter 33: History of demonstratives and pronouns (Tomoko Okazaki)Chapter 34: History of yakuwarigo (Satoshi Kinsui, Osaka University)Chapter 35: 'Subject-Object Merger' and 'Subject-Object Opposition' as the speaker's stance: 'Subjective Construal' as 'a fashion of speaking' for Japanese speakers (Yoshihiko Ikegami, University of Tokyo)Section IX: PhonologyChapter 36: Syllable structure, phonological typology, and outstanding issues in the chronology of sound changes (Bjarke Frellesvig, Sven Osterkamp and John WhitmanChapter 37: Sino-Japanese (Marc Miyake)Chapter 38: Development of accent, based on historical sources, Heian period onwards: The formation of Ibuki-jima accent (Makoto Yanaike, Keio University)Chapter 39: The Ramsey hypothesis (Elisabeth De Boer)Section X: SyntaxChapter 40: Generative diachronic syntax of Japanese (John Whitman, NINJAL)Chapter 41: On the merger of the conclusive/adnominal distinction (Satoshi Kinsui, Osaka University)Chapter 42: Development of case marking (Takashi Nomura, University of Tokyo)Chapter 43: Loss of Wh movement (Akira Watanabe, University of Tokyo)Chapter 44: Development of delimiter/semantic particles (Tomohide Kinuhata)Chapter 45: Electronic corpora as a tool for investigating syntactic change (Yasuhiro Kondo, Aoyama Gakuin/NINJAL)Part IV: The History of Research on JapanChapter 46: Early Japanese dictionaries (Shoju Ikeda, Hokkaido University)Chapter 47: The great dictionary of Japanese: Vocabulario ... (Toru Maruyama, Nanzan University)Chapter 48: Pre-Meiji research on Japanese (Toru Kuginuki)Chapter 49: Meiji period research on Japanese (Isao Santo)

The series builds an extensive collection of high quality descriptions of languages around the world. Each volume offers a comprehensive grammatical description of a single language together with fully analyzed sample texts and, if appropriate, a word list and other relevant information which is available on the language in question. There are no restrictions as to language family or area, and although special attention is paid to hitherto undescribed languages, new and valuable treatments of better known languages are also included. No theoretical model is imposed on the authors; the only criterion is a high standard of scientific quality. To discuss your book idea or submit a proposal, please contact Birgit Sievert.

This volume delves into the relationships and limits existing between the syntax, morphology, lexicon, semantics and pragmatics of the Spanish language. Tackling each a specific issue, the ten contributions draw on solid linguistic arguments, which proves their scientific value and will undoubtedly inspire more research in this field.

Kopar is a very moribund, close to extinct, language spoken in three villages at the mouth of the Sepik River in Papua New Guinea. This is the only description of the language available. It also discusses areas where rapid language shift is affecting the structure of Kopar. Although the period of fieldwork was necessarily short, this book provides as comprehensive a description as possible of the grammatical structure of this complex and fascinating language. It is quite thorough and detailed and goes well beyond what is normally considered a sketch grammar. It covers all the phenomena essential to description and comparison and gives clear, typologically sound definitions and explanations. The grammar is written with the research interests of language typologists and comparative grammarians foremost in mind. Typologically, Kopar can be described as a split ergative, polysynthetic language. The language lacks nominal case marking so ergativity or lack thereof is signaled by verbal agreement affixes. Tenses and moods which describe as yet unrealized events, like future and imperative, pattern accusatively for agreement affixes, while those express realized events, like past and present, pattern ergatively. In addition, the ergative case schema is overlaid by a direct-inverse inflectional schema determined by a person hierarchy, a feature Kopar shares with other languages in its Lower Sepik family. As a polysynthetic language, incorporation of sentential elements like temporals, locationals, adverbials and verbals is extensive, though noun incorporation is not. Sadly, this work is all the documentation we will likely ever have of Kopar, a language of potentially very high theoretical interest, given its rare typological profile. It will certainly be of interest to language typologists and comparative grammarians, and anyone who wants to explore the range of language variation

Anybody with the chance of teaching English to Indonesian speakers should have experienced difficulties when it comes to non-verbal predicates and the placement of be. This volume looks at this matter from a grammar competition perspective.An experiment conducted in Bandar Lampung with Indonesian learners of English identified specific error patterns. These patterns result from grammar competition between the L1 Indonesian and the L2 English. This work mainly deals with the influence of adverbs such as still or already, and the category of the non-verbal predicate (adjectival, nominal, preposition phrase).Although the main focus of this work is in the field of language acquisition, this volume also provides a detailed contrast between English and Indonesian non-verbal predicates and the contrast of the English copula be and the Indonesian copulas ada and adalah. The lingusitic description is done in a generative DM-based approach. Thus, this volume does not only provide new insights in the field language acquisiton, but also in the generative description of Indonesian in general and non-verbal predicates in particular.

The typological, contrastive, and descriptive studies in this volume investigate the strategies employed by the world's languages to create complex denotations by combining two noun-like elements, together with the kinds of semantic relation they involve, and their acquisition by children. The term 'binominal lexeme' is employed to cover both noun-noun compounds and a range of other naming strategies, including prepositional compounds, relational compounds, construct forms, genitival constructions, and more. Overall, the volume suggests a new, cross-linguistic approach to the study of complex lexeme formation that cuts across the traditional boundaries between syntax, morphology, and lexicon.

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich Didaktik für das Fach Deutsch - Grammatik, Stil, Arbeitstechnik, Note: 3,0, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Zu Beginn der Arbeit werden die Begriffe ¿Modalität¿, ¿Grammatikalisierung¿ und ¿Deixis¿ aufgrund der besonderen Relation zwischen den Phänomenen erläutert, wobei besonders auf das Verhältnis von Grundmodalität und epistemischer Modalität eingegangen wird. Anschließend erfolgt eine Beschreibung der Gebrauchsweisen der Modalverben und der Oppositionen des Modussystems. Des Weiteren werden die grundlegenden Inhalte des Grammatikalisierungsprozesses, und zwar seine Parameter und Phasen beschrieben. Danach wird die Theorie zur Grammatikalisierung in Hinblick auf die Modalverben müssen und sollen konkretisiert. Abschließend folgt eine Zusammenfassung der vorliegenden Arbeit mit einem knappen Ausblick.

Training Gymnasium - Latein 3. Lernjahr Das Buch umfasst den gesamten Lernstoff des  3. Lernjahrs Latein  (7. Klasse Latein bzw. 8. Klasse Latein) und unterstützt bei der Wiederholung und Vertiefung. Das Buch enthält: Ausführliche Erläuterungen zu wichtigen  grammatischen Themen  mit prägnanten Beispielen, u.a. die Verben  ferre  und  fieri, Konjunktive im Hauptsatz, Steigerung des Adjektivs, Deponentien. Zahlreiche abwechslungsreiche  Übungsaufgaben  mit ausführlichen  Lösungen Zusammenfassende Übersichtstabellen zu  Konjugationen  und  Deklinationen  sowie eine Liste  unregelmäßiger Verben Ein  Wörterverzeichnis  zum Wiederholen und Nachschlagen der im Buch verwendeten Vokabeln Anschauliche Illustrationen und informatives Wissen über das römische Leben Zusätzlich mit  MindApp : Eine Übersicht über die lateinischen Konjugationen und Deklinationen, die jederzeit auf dem Smartphone abrufbar ist. Ideal geeignet zum Üben und Wiederholen. Für jedes Themengebiet kann zudem der Lernstand festgehalten werden, sodass der Lernfortschritt sichtbar wird. ActiveBook ¿ interaktiv üben:  interaktive Übungsaufgaben sofort am Computer/Tablet lösen, mit  unmittelbarer Ergebnisauswertung

This book examines the language abilities of persons with Down Syndrome who are able to read. The text defends the 'delayed but not deviant view' of linguistic abilities by examining a range of syntactic phenomena that develop at different points for typically developing children, and for which a similar overall pattern is found for persons with Down Syndrome. The volume also defends the 'delayed but not deviant view' against challenges arising from studies of the comprehension of definite pronouns. The study fits within a picture of linguistic abilities that is modular:  skills with language do not emerge from other cognitive functions.  It is an important source of information for readers in the departments of linguistics, speech and language therapy, and cognitive science.

Generative phonology aims to formalise two distinct aspects of phonological processes: the functional and the representational. Since functions operate on representations, it is clear that the functional aspect is influenced by the form of representations, i.e. different types of representation require different types of rules, principles or constraints. This volume examines the representational issue in phonology and considers what kind of representation is most appropriate for recent models of generative phonology. In particular, it provides the first platform for debate on the place of morpheme-internal structure and on the formal status of phonology in the language faculty, and attempts to identify phonological recursive structure as a means of capturing frequently observed processes.

The goal of this handbook is to provide a comprehensive resource on the Amazonian languages that synthesizes a diverse body of work by a highly international group of linguists. It will provide a review of the current state of the art, thus laying the groundwork for future scholarship in this important area. Volume 2 will focus on theory-neutral grammatical descriptions of smaller Amazonian language families.

Language, Cognition, and Emotion in Keats's Poetry applies an innovative cognitive linguistic approach to the poetry of John Keats, the first of its kind to employ a cognitive-based framework to explore the expression and articulation of emotion in his work.

This book applies the tools of nanosyntax to the natural language phenomenon of negation. Most work on negation is concerned with the study of sentence negation, while low scope negation or constituent negation is hardly ever systematically discussed in the literature. The present book aims to fill that gap, by investigating scopally different negative markers in a sample of 23 typologically diverse languages. A four-way classification of negative markers is argued for and it is shown how meaningful syncretism patterns arise across those four groups of negative markers in the language sample investigated. The syncretisms are meaningful in that they track the natural semantic scope of negation, and provide support to the idea that morphology is not arbitrary, but points to submorphemic structure. Consequently, this study leads to a decomposition of the negative morpheme into five privative features: Tense, Focus, Classification, Quantity and Negation proper. Finally, the book argues that sentence, constituent and lexical negation can all be treated in the same module of the grammar, i.e. syntax.