Samfundsvidenskabelig idéhistorie

This book analyses the emergence of modern parties in nineteenth-century Europe and explores their connection with the slowly developing institution of democracy. The close relationship between party and democracy was established by the founders of the first modern parties who presented themselves as representatives of the people. Focusing on the ideas and practices of party founders, this book moves away from the traditional view that party formation was the result of industrialisation. It instead shows that the response of party founders was to frame and establish the modern party as an alternative to existing models of political representation, and one that was characterised by popular participation.In order to mobilize their followers, party founders gave new meaning to existing structures and developed new practices of political organization. The result was the creation of organizations that continue to shape the history of modern democracy.Exploring the foundation of three political parties: the German Social Democratic Workers¿ Party (SDAP); the Dutch Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP); and the British National Liberal Federation, the author analyses the phenomenon of innovative party formation in nineteenth-century Europe, before the democratic mass-membership party had become a widely accepted concept. Taking a transnational and comparative approach, this book illustrates the decisive role of party founders in the formation of modern democracy, making it an essential read for anyone researching the history of democracy and political parties.

The Frankfurt School's own legacy is best preserved by exercising an immanent critique of its premises and the conclusions to which they often led. By distinguishing between what is still and what is no longer alive in Critical Theory, these essays seek to demonstrate its continuing relevance in the 21st century.

"This is the first book to establish how classical antiquity and the study of the Bible together formed Victorian ideas of the past, and consequently informed the very construction of modernity. Its multidisciplinary approach will be valuable to scholars and graduate students in numerous disciplines across the arts and humanities"--

Anxiety about the threat of atheism was rampant in the early modern period yet, paradoxically, examples of openly-expressed irreligious opinion are surprisingly rare. This book offers a detailed analysis of three cases, and contrasts the real 'assurance' shown by such figures with the doubts expressed, often privately, by believers.

In diesem Buch wird versucht, die scheinbar direkte Verbindung zwischen Utopismus und den USA zu verstehen, indem Romane besprochen werden, die in dieser Kombination noch nie zusammengebracht wurden, obwohl sie sich alle um intentionale Gemeinschaften drehen: Imlays The Emigrants (1793), Hawthornes The Blithedale Romance (1852), Howlands Papas Own Girl (1874), Griggs' Imperium in Imperio (1899), und Du Bois' The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911). Sie setzen Nation und Utopie nicht in Beziehung, indem sie perfekte Gesellschaften beschreiben, sondern indem sie über Versuche schreiben, unmittelbar ein radikal anderes Leben zu führen. Indem die Lektüre die jeweilige kommunale Geschichte aufzeigt, bietet sie eine literarische Perspektive für kommunale Studien und trägt zu einer dringend notwendigen Historisierung für rein literarische Ansätze zum US-Utopismus und für Studien bei, die sich auf Pilgrims/Puritans/Gründerväter als utopische Praxis konzentrieren. Das Buch zeigt daher auf, wie die Autoren das utopische Potenzial der USA bewerteten, und zeichnet die Entwicklung der utopischen Vorstellungskraft im neunzehnten Jahrhundert aus verschiedenen Perspektiven nach.Dieses Buch ist eine Übersetzung einer englischen Originalausgabe. Die Übersetzung wurde mit Hilfe von künstlicher Intelligenz erstellt. Eine anschließende menschliche Überarbeitung erfolgte vor allem in Bezug auf den Inhalt, so dass sich das Buch stilistisch anders liest als eine herkömmliche Übersetzung.

This sweeping history of classical economics shows how the work ethic has been used both to oppress workers and to liberate them. Today's neoliberalism offers an oppressive version of the work ethic. However, the work ethic also offers resources for reorganizing the economy on behalf of ordinary people.

The ENTEP Project, funded by the Erasmus+ Programme of the European Union, has been initiated with the aim of improving the quality of education and teaching, enhancing teaching practices and further developing educational science in Russia and China. This book contains the results of this project. It unites general considerations with regard to the establishment of a general teaching and learning policy on the organizational level and more detailed reflections on teaching and learning, especially in times of digital education. Due to the international setting of the project, the volume delivers an insight into very different approaches, i. a. Italy, Great Britain, Portugal, Germany, and in particular Russia and China.

A collection of humanity's most inspiring ideas throughout time, bringing perspective to the challenges and wonders of being alive.

"This book addresses the material devices used to represent and manipulate numerical concepts. Fingers, tallies, tokens, and written notations, invented in both ancestral and contemporary societies, explain what numbers are, why they are the way they are, and how we get them"--

"Provides a guide to Plato in an unexpected key with well-grounded views of Plato's works (particularly major middle to late dialogues). The reader meets important questions of perception, embodiment, mimetic art, imagination, divine inspiration, the Forms and the Good, beauty, myth and logos, and generative epistemic art"--

"This book is for scholars and students of the ideas, literatures, and cultures of early Christianity and late antiquity, ancient philosophers, and historians of theology. It offers new perspectives on early Christian modes of knowing and ordering knowledge in relation to changing discourses, institutions, and material culture of late antiquity"--

This rich, expansive book reaches beyond philosophy to literature and the history of ideas. Nihilism is associated most frequently with twentieth-century movements, but Jon Stewart shows that a tradition of nineteenth-century nihilism actually predated and anticipated developments like existentialism and postmodernism.

"In two often neglected passages of the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant submits that the Critique is a 'treatise' or a 'doctrine of method'. Gabriele Gava argues that these passages point out that the Critique is the doctrine of method of metaphysics, with the task of showing that metaphysics can become a science"--

Every so often, a new idea comes along that changes everything. Vaccinations. Relativity. Fascism. Can we imagine a world before the invention of writing? What would Christianity have looked like without with a concept of hell? Sometimes these ideas come along suddenly: Copernicus's heliocentric model; Gutenberg's printing press; Darwin's theory of evolution. Sometimes they evolve over generations: the institution of marriage; the development of animal husbandry; the understanding of genetics. Either way, once the idea gains a foothold, nothing is the same again.This fascinating little book tells the hidden human stories behind 150 revolutionary concepts and explains their impact. Taken from the realms of science, politics, society, culture, religion and technology, these are the big ideas that have changed the world - in a nutshell.

This Palgrave Pivot provides a concise history of the development of sociology in Greece. It provides a compelling narrative of the discipline's embryonic state, its promising beginnings that aligned with its contact with the then robust French and German accomplishments in sociology. It continues with sociology's entanglement with modern Greece's turbulent history during the Civil War and the junta years. It charts Greece's gradual recovery during the mid-1970s, which led to sociology's institutionalization. Yet such institutional boom was not free of politicization processes, many of which proved residual and resilient, stemming from the dictatorship years, as well as from Greece's dependency during its process of modernization. This book completes this historical account by reconsidering sociology's gradual embrace of a multi-paradigmatic orientation, its opportunities in light of the burgeoning Greek EU membership and extroversion. It concludes with charting sociology's position in the 21st century, facing challenges like the Great Recession and its impact in Greece as well as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Since its beginnings in Paris in the mid-19th century, the idea of bohemia, an urban community of artists and intellectuals living outside bourgeois norms, has been a potent trope of artistic identity. It was here that the notion of an unconventional, free-spirited life, precarious yet filled with idealism, was codified and romanticized. Bohemia: History of an Idea, 1950 - 2000 shows the continuities and differences between the scenes and subcultures of the second half of the twentieth century, when the mainstream began to appropriate and thereby erode a way of life predicated on its rejection. Nonetheless, as an alternative to conformity the bohemian idea has exerted an enduring fascination. Through works by 39 artists, including Alice Neel, PeterHujar, John Deakin, David Wojnarowicz, Ed van der Elsken, Robert Frank and Alfred Leslie, William Gedney, LibuSe Jarcovjáková, Nan Goldin, Zhang Huan and Wolfgang Tillmans, the publication explores the diversity of expressions in various cities in Europe, North America and Asia and shows that the bohemian idea continues to galvanize and inspire.RUSSELL FERGUSON is a research professor at the University of California's Art Department. During his tenure at the Museum of Contemporary Art and the Hammer Museum in Los Angeles, he curated numerous exhibitions on culture and representation in contemporary art and photography.

Demokrati fremstår i dag som den eneste legitime regeringsform, og folket udgør den eneste legitime kilde til politisk autoritet. Sådan har det imidlertid ikke altid været. Demokrati var længe associeret med pøbelvælde. Folk var hovedsageligt en undersåtsbetegnelse eller synonym for en irrationel masse uden evne til eller krav på at regere. Den moderne forestilling om folket som en politisk aktør med krav på politisk indflydelse begyndte først at slå igennem i løbet af det attende og nittende århundredes politiske kampe. Allerede inden forskellige former for folkestyre var blevet etableret, startede kampene om, hvem der var en del af folket. Kampe som fortsætter den dag i dag og stiller spørgsmålstegn ved det liberale demokratis form og indhold.De seneste 20 år har disse kampe i stigende grad haft populisme som omdrejningspunkt. Populisme identificeres typisk som politiske projekter, der udfordrer eliten på vegne af folket. Kritikere advarer mod, at sådanne populistiske forestillinger om folket i ental udfordrer både pluralisme og minoritetsbeskyttelse og kan ende med at true demokratiet. Populismens fortalere hævder derimod, at den folkelige kamp mod eliter ikke står i modsætning til demokrati, men snarere understøtter og fremmer det, og at den samtidige populismekritik afspejler eliternes mistro til folket. Dette temanummer om “Folk, folkestyre og populisme” indeholder en introduktion, ti artikler og en enquete, som undersøger disse tre nært forbundne politiske kategorier, deres historiske udvikling og indbyrdes forhold.

This intellectual biography provides an organic framework for understanding Antonio Gramsci's process of intellectual development, paying close attention to the historical and intellectual contexts out of which his views emerged. The Gramsci in Notebooks cannot fully account for the young director of L'Ordine Nuovo, or for the communist leader. Gramsci's development did not occur under conditions of intellectual inflexibility, of absence of evolution. However, there is a strong thread connecting the "e;political Gramsci"e; with Gramsci as a "e;cultivated man."e; The Sardinian intellectual's life is marked by the drama of World War I, the first mass conflict in which the great scientific discoveries of the previous decades were applied on a large scale and in which millions of peasants and workers were slaughtered. In all of his theoretical formulations, this dual relation, which epitomizes the instrumental use of "e;simpletons"e; by ruling classes, goes beyond the military context of the trenches and becomes full-fledged in the fundamental relations of modern capitalist society. In contrast with this notion of social hierarchy, which is deemed natural and unchangeable, Gramsci constantly affirmed the need to overcome the historically determined rupture between intellectual and manual functions, due to which the existence of a priesthood or of a separate caste of specialists in politics and in knowledge is made necessary. It is not the specific professional activity (whether material or immaterial) that determines the essence of human nature: to Gramsci, "e;all men are philosophers."e; In this passage from Notebooks, we find the condensed form of his idea of "e;human emancipation,"e; which is the historical need for an "e;intellectual and moral reform"e;: the subversion of traditional relations between rulers and ruled and the end of exploitation of man by man.