Psykologi: selvet, jeget, identitet, personlighed

This volume, originally a special issue of the Journal of Consciousness Studies, uses the recent writings of Philip Goff as a jumping-off point for discussions of panpsychism -- the idea that consciousness is a fundamental and pervasive aspect of our universe that cannot be understood in other, more basic, terms.

This handbook presents an overview of studies on the relationship of active ageing and quality of life. It addresses the new challenges of ageing from the paradigm of positive ageing (active, healthy and successful) for a better quality of life. It provides theoretical perspectives and empirical studies, including scientific knowledge as well as practical experiences about the good ageing and the quality of later life around the world, in order to respond to the challenges of an aged population. The handbook is structured in 4 sections covering theoretical and conceptual perspectives, social policy issues and research agenda, methods, measurement instrument-scales and evaluations, and lastly application studies including domains and geographical contexts. Chapter 5 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Psychiatry has ignored the normal. The focus on defining abnormal behavior has obscured what turns out to be a more fundamental question?how does the biology of the brain give rise to the mind, which in turn gives rise to everything we care about: thoughts, feelings, desires, and relationships? In The Other Side of Normal, Harvard psychiatrist Jordan Smoller shows us that understanding what the mind was designed to do in the first place demystifies mental illness and builds a new foundation for defining psychiatric disorders?from autism to depression. Smoller argues there are no bright lines between normal and abnormal. Psychiatric disorders are variations of the same brain systems that evolved to help us solve the challenges of everyday life. How do we become who we are? Smoller explains where our personalities come from, and how the temperaments we had as infants actually stay with us into adulthood. Why do we choose to date, love, and marry the people we do? Why do some of us form healthy relationships while others form unstable ones? Our relationships are shaped by the biology that drives two imperatives: maternal-child bonding and child-parent attachment. Along the way, Smoller tackles an even greater question?what do we mean by "normal"??as he explores the puzzles behind the epidemics of multiple personalities and koro, the shocking phobia that one's penis is shrinking. He also looks at the controversial history of psychiatric classification and the explosive debates over how much early experiences influence our minds and to what degree genetics affect our temperaments, personalities, and emotional lives. Throughout this examination, Smoller explores the hidden sides of such questions as: How are trust and love rooted in biology? How much does sexual attraction stem from biology rather than culture? And what can the scientific study of normal behavior tell us about what it means to be human?Based on the author's groundbreaking research and personal experiences treating psychological disorders, The Other Side of Normal changes the way we think about the human condition.

Humans have a unique ability to understand the beliefs, emotions, and intentions of others¿a capacity often referred to as mentalizing. Much research in psychology and neuroscience has focused on delineating the mechanisms of mentalizing, and examining the role of mentalizing processes in other domains of cognitive and affective functioning. The purpose of the book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current research on the mechanisms of mentalizing at the neural, algorithmic, and computational levels of analysis.The book includes contributions from prominent researchers in the field of social-cognitive and affective neuroscience, as well as from related disciplines (e.g., cognitive, social, developmental and clinical psychology, psychiatry, philosophy, primatology). The contributors review their latest research in order to compile an authoritative source of knowledge on the psychological and brain bases of the unique human capacity to think about the mental states of others. The intended audience is researchers and students in the fields of social-cognitive and affective neuroscience and related disciplines such as neuroeconomics, cognitive neuroscience, developmental neuroscience, social cognition, social psychology, developmental psychology, cognitive psychology, and affective science. Secondary audiences include researchers in decision science (economics, judgment and decision-making), philosophy of mind, and psychiatry.

This Handbook provides a broad and comprehensive overview of psychological research on alcohol consumption. It explores the psychological theories underpinning alcohol use and misuse, discusses the interventions that can be designed around these theories, and offers key insight into future developments within the field.A range of international experts assess the unique factors that contribute to alcohol-related behaviour as differentiated from other health-related behaviours. They cover the theory and context of alcohol consumption, including possible implications of personality type, motivation and self-regulation, and cultural and demographic factors. After reviewing the evidence for psychological theories and predictors as accounts for alcohol consumption, the book goes on to focus on external influences on consumption and interventions for reducing alcohol consumption, including those based on purchasing and consumption behaviour, technologies such as personalised feedback apps, and social and media phenomena such as ¿Dry January¿ and ¿Hello Sunday Morning¿. It brings together cutting-edge contemporary research on alcohol consumption in childhood and adolescence, including topics such as managing offers or drinks, ¿pre-drinking¿, online identities, how children develop their beliefs about alcohol and how adolescents discuss alcohol with their parents. The book also offers a rounded presentation of the tensions involved in debates around the psychological impacts of alcohol use, discussing its role in helping people to socialise and unwind; as well as recognising the possible negative impacts on health, education and relationships. This book will be of interest to academics, policymakers, public health officials, practitioners, charities and other stakeholders interested in understanding how alcohol affects people psychologically. This book will also be a key resource for students and researchers from across the social sciences.

Wie steht es mit den humanistischen Grundlagen unseres Lebens und Zusammenlebens? Müssen wir uns nicht gerade heute dieser Fundamente versichern? Wer greift diese Fundamente an? Um diese Fragen beantworten zu können, nutzt der Autor ein Konstruktionsprinzip, mit dem die humanistischen Anstrengungen seit Petrarca in dreifacher Weise gerahmt werden: Zum einen werden diese Anstrengungen in die jeweiligen historischen Kontexte eingeordnet; zum zweiten greift er auf Reflexionen zurück, die sich in den verschiedenen Entwicklungsetappen der Psychologie explizit oder implizit auf den Humanismus beziehen; drittens schließlich macht er auf judenfeindliche und antisemitische Äußerungen, Vorurteile, Diskriminierungen und Vernichtungsexzesse aufmerksam, um die Ambivalenzen der verschiedenen humanistischen Anstrengungen zu verdeutlichen. Denn, so der Autor, die Einstellung und das Verhalten gegenüber Jüdinnen und Juden sind der Lackmustest eines jeglichen Humanismus.

Implement the principles of CBT as intended by the founder of cognitive behavioral therapy himself, Dr. Aaron T. Beck. Having been mentored by and worked directly with Dr. Aaron T. Beck over the past several decades, Drs. Sokol and Fox have the knowledge base to bring you the most comprehensive and up-to-date information regarding CBT. Written for mental health professionals, students, trainers, supervisors, teachers, and clinicians of all levels, this workbook is filled with practical, easy-to-understand tools to help you put theory into practice. Filled with worksheets, coping cards, step-by-step plans and activities, this accessible guide will help you teach clients effective coping skills, which builds their confidence, and eliminates self-doubt"€"the most crucial part of treatment. These tools will help clients become their own therapist and sustain recovery across a variety of issues, including: [€[Depression [€[Bipolar Disorder [€[Anxiety [€[Anger [€[Substance Abuse [€[Personality Disorders [€[PTSD [€[Self-Harm and Suicidality [€[Psychosis

In his bestselling book Shop Class as Soulcraft, Matthew B. Crawford explored the ethical and practical importance of manual competence, as expressed through mastery of our physical environment. In his brilliant follow-up, The World Beyond Your Head, Crawford investigates the challenge of mastering one's own mind. We often complain about our fractured mental lives and feel beset by outside forces that destroy our focus and disrupt our peace of mind. Any defense against this, Crawford argues, requires that we reckon with the way attention sculpts the self.Crawford investigates the intense focus of ice hockey players and short-order chefs, the quasi-autistic behavior of gambling addicts, the familiar hassles of daily life, and the deep, slow craft of building pipe organs. He shows that our current crisis of attention is only superficially the result of digital technology, and becomes more comprehensible when understood as the coming to fruition of certain assumptions at the root of Western culture that are profoundly at odds with human nature.The World Beyond Your Head makes sense of an astonishing array of common experience, from the frustrations of airport security to the rise of the hipster. With implications for the way we raise our children, the design of public spaces, and democracy itself, this is a book of urgent relevance to contemporary life.

Was ist eigentlich Wissenschaft? Diese Frage wird angesichts globaler Herausforderungen wie COVID-19, dem Klimawandel u.a. zunehmend neu diskutiert - und wir erleben eine beangstigende Zunahme des Widerstandes gegen die wissenschaftlichen Methoden aufseiten sogenannter Querdenker, Verschworungstheoretiker und Faktenleugner. Doch viele kritisieren die Wissenschaft, ohne den Kern wissenschaftlichen Denkens und Arbeitens verstanden zu haben! Prof. Dr. Tilmann Betsch tritt diesem Trend mit seinem Buch entschlossen entgegen und halt ein leidenschaftliches Pladoyer, warum Wissenschaft unverzichtbar ist: Anhand anschaulicher Beispiele und Anekdoten beschreibt er die Bestandteile des wissenschaftlichen Werkzeugkastens - jedes Kapitel klart dabei ein gangiges Vorurteil gegenuber der Wissenschaft auf und zeigt, mit welchen Methoden Erkenntnisse in der Forschung wirklich gewonnen werden.Dieses Buch gibt Ihnen Hilfestellung, Ihr kritisches Denken zu scharfen und Unfug schlagfertig entgegenzutreten. Es richtet sich damit nicht nur an Studierende der Wissenschaften, sondern an alle Interessierten, die alternative Fakten"e; nicht mehr horen konnen und fur Diskussionen um die Bedeutung der Wissenschaft gewappnet sein wollen. 

Liegen Stereotype und Vorurteile in der Natur des Menschen?Das Buch vermittelt eine Einsicht in psychologische Prozesse und Mechanismen, die Stereotypen und Vorurteilen zugrunde liegen. Dabei zeigt es auf, welchen Anteil diese an Rassismus, Sexismus und anderer gruppenbasierter Diskriminierung haben.Basierend auf aktuellen Forschungsergebnissen aus der Sozialpsychologie regt das Buch zur Selbsteinsicht an. Es macht erfahrbar, wie leicht Stereotype und Vorurteile unsere Wahrnehmung, unser Denken und unser Handeln beeinflussen - auch dann, wenn wir uns selbst fur tolerant halten.Erfahren Sie, warum es nicht nur unrealistisch, sondern sogar schadlich sein kann, das eigene Denken und Handeln fur unvoreingenommen, objektiv und fair zu halten. Durch dieses Buch werden Sie herausfinden, warum viele unserer Versuche, tolerant und vorurteilsfrei zu sein, oft zum Scheitern verurteilt sind. Letztendlich erhalten Sie Denkanreize, wie Diskriminierung abgebaut und Chancengleichheit erreicht werden kann. Uber die AutorinJuliane Degner ist Professorin fur Sozialpsychologie an der Universitat Hamburg. Sie forscht vor allem zu automatischen Prozessen der sozialen Wahrnehmung und Eindrucksbildung und welchen Einfluss soziale Kategorisierungsprozesse, Stereotype und Vorurteile darauf haben.

The Dog Type system can help you gain more success in both your work and personal life. It helps you better understand yourself and others by knowing the dogs you like most and least and the dogs others are like. This helps you assess one's personality profile based on the personality characteristics of different dogs. In addition, you can call on different types of dogs to help you in different situations - from gaining insights about what action to take to increasing your creativity, resolving problems, and making decisions. You can also use these techniques to relax, have more energy, overcome stress, gain more confidence, and set and accomplish goals. GETTING HELP FROM YOUR DOGS features a number of exercises to contact your Top Dog, Watch Dog, Underdog, Power Dog, and Guide Dog, who can help in various ways. It includes examples from several workshops illustrating how people called on their dogs to gain insights, advice, power and other kinds of help. The book is ideal for anyone interested in personality tests, personality types, personality profiles, personality assessment, personality characteristics, and personality psychology. It combines the different systems for personality typing with the personalities of different dog breeds.

Creativity and Morality summarizes and integrates research on creativity used to achieve bad or immoral ends. The book includes the use of deception, novel ideas to commit wrongdoings across contexts, including in organizations, the classroom and terrorism. Morality is discussed from an individual perspective and relative to broader sociocultural norms that allow people to believe actions are justified. Chapters explore this research from an interdisciplinary perspective, including from psychology, philosophy, media studies, aesthetics and ethics.

"Step into the transformative life God invites you to enjoy, using the wisdom of the Enneagram paired with fresh tools and insights. For more than thirty years, Marilyn Vancil has studied, written about and taught on the Enneagram. She knows full well how the system of nine interconnected personality types, when combined with deep scriptural truths, can lead readers to a life of freedom. Now Vancil offers a way to deeper wholeness beyond the Enneagram. She believes an enhanced model is needed. "What I propose is an adjunct to the Enneagram that I call The Drawing. It incorporates its wisdom, and also focuses inwardly toward the center space and extends beyond the existing circle." As with other spirals and circles to illustrate the spiritual life, the primary movement of The Drawing is toward the middle space, our Spiritual Center, the transcendent way of knowing beyond the more commonly recognized Centers of the Gut, Heart, and Head used to categorize the Enneagram types. The Drawing depicts the holy attraction (or the drawing) of our spirits toward God's spirit as our ultimate destiny. Vancil offers six sacred shifts to lead us from debilitating self-orientation to God-centered living: From What I Am to Who I Am, From Reactive to Responsive, From Bondage to Freedom, From Wounded to Whole, From Shakeable to Unshakeable, From Burdened to Rested. The wisdom and practical steps Vancil offers will lead you to places of profound spiritual discovery and help you chart a course toward the wiser, more spiritually attuned person you long to become"--