Karrierevejledning

The Engineering Design Challenge addresses teaching engineering design and presents design projects for first-year students and interdisciplinary design ventures. A short philosophy and background of engineering design is discussed. The organization of the University of Wyoming first-year Introduction to Engineering program is presented with an emphasis on the first-year design challenges. These challenges are presented in a format readily incorporated in other first-year programs. The interdisciplinary design courses address the institutional constraints and present organizational approaches that resolve these issues. Student results are summarized and briefly assessed. A series of short intellectual problems are included to initiate discussion and understanding of design issues. Sample syllabi, research paper requirements, and oral presentation evaluation sheets are included.

The aim of this book is to supply valid and reasonable parameters in order to guide the choice of the right model of industrial evaporative tower according to operating conditions which vary depending on the particular industrial context: power plants, chemical plants, food processing plants and other industrial facilities are characterized by specific assets and requirements that have to be satisfied. Evaporative cooling is increasingly employed each time a significant water flow at a temperature which does not greatly differ from ambient temperature is needed for removing a remarkable heat load; its aim is to refrigerate a water flow through the partial evaporation of the same.

While in many university courses attention is given to the human side, as opposed to the technical side of engineering, it is by and large an afterthought. Engineering is, however, a technical, social, and personal activity. Several studies show that engineering is a community activity of professionals in which communication is central to the engineering task. Increasingly, technology impacts everyone in society. Acting as a professional community, engineers have an awesome power to influence society but they can only act for the common good if they understand the nature of our society. To achieve such understanding they have to understand themselves. This book is about understanding ourselves in order to understand others, and understanding others in order to understand ourselves in the context of engineering and the society it serves. To achieve this understanding this book takes the reader on 12 intellectual journeys that frame the big questions confronting the engineering professions.

This book provides an overview of systems engineering, its important elements, and aspects of management that will lead in the direction of building systems with a greater likelihood of success. Emphasis is placed upon the following elements:- How the systems approach is defined, and how it guides the systems engineering processes- How systems thinking helps in combination with the systems approach and systems engineering- Time lines that define the life cycle dimensions of a system- System properties, attributes, features, measures and parameters- Approaches to architecting systems- Dealing with requirements, synthesis, analysis and cost effectiveness considerations- Life cycle costing of systems- Modeling, simulation and other analysis methods- Technology and its interplay with risk and its management- Systems acquisition and integration- Systems of systems- Thinking outside the box- Success and failure factors- Software engineering- Standards- Systems engineering managementTogether, these top-level aspects of systems engineering need to be understood and mastered in order to improve the way we build systems, as they typically become larger and more complex. Table of Contents: Definitions and Background / The Systems Approach / Systems Thinking / Key Elements of Systems Engineering / The Life Cycle Dimension / System Properties, Attributes and Features (PAFs) / Measures and Parameters / Architecting / Functional Decomposition / Requirements Engineering / Synthesis / Analysis / Cost-Effectiveness / Life Cycle Costing / Modeling and Simulation / Other Analysis Relationships / The Role of Technology / Risk Management / Testing, Verification, and Validation / Integration / Systems Engineering Management / Project Management / Software Engineering / Systems Acquisition / Systems of Systems / Thinking Outside the Box / Ten Failure Factors / A Success Audit / Standards

Early in the 20th century, our world was small and closed with boundaries. And, there were no appreciable changes. Therefore, we could foresee the future. These days, however, we could apply mathematical rationality and solve problems without any difficulty.As our world began to expand rapidly and boundaries disappeared, the problem of bounded rationality emerged. Engineeres put forth tremendous effort to overcome this difficulty and succeeded in expanding the bounds of mathematical rationality, thereby establishing the "e;"e;Controllable World."e;"e;However, our world continues to expand. Therefore such an approach can no longer be applied. We have no other choice than "e;"e;satisficing"e;"e; (Herbert A. Simon's word, Satisfy + Suffice).This expanding open world brought us frequent and extensive changes which are unpredictable and diversification and personalization of customer expectations. To cope with these situations, we need diverse knowledge and experience. Thus, to satisfy our customers, we need teamwork.These changes of environments and situations transformed the meaning of value. It used to mean excellent functions and exact reproducibility. Now, it means how good and flexible we can be to adapt to the situations. Thus, adaptability is the value today.Although these changes were big, and we needed to re-define value, a greater shift in engineering is now emerging. The Internet of Things (IoT) brought us the "e;"e;Connected Society,"e;"e; where things are connected. Things include not only products, but also humans.As changes are so frequent and extensive, only users know what is happening right now. Thus, the user in this Connected Society needs to be a playing manager-he or she should manage to control the product-human team on the pitch.Moreover, this Connected Society will bring us another big shift in engineering. Engineering in this framework will become Social Networking, with engineering no longer developing individual products and managing team products.The Internet works two ways between the sender and the receiver. Our engineering has ever been only one way. Thus, how we establish a social networking framework for engineering is a big challenge facing us today. This will change our engineering. Engineers are expected to develop not only products, but also such dream society.This book discusses these issues and points out that New Horizons are emerging before us. It is hoped that this book helps readers explore and establish their own New Worlds.

This book is designed to be used in an introductory sophomore-level undergraduate course in chemical engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, chemistry, and/or industrial chemistry. Senior-level students in resource development, soil science, and geology might also find this book useful. In addition, it is our hope that even advanced mathematics-oriented high school seniors might find the material easy to master as well.This book emphasizes concepts, definitions, chemical equations, and descriptions with which some chemical science professionals struggle. It stresses the importance of maintaining uniformly high standards in pure chemical science and manufacturing technology while still keeping in mind that procedures that might seem strange also yield results that prove effective.

This book is designed to introduce designers, engineers, technologists, estimators, project managers, and financial analysts as well as students in engineering and business to strategic cost tools for project cost evaluations. The three main sections are as follows. (1) Cost Relationships, Financial Statements, and Performance Measures-This section describes the relationships between cash flows and profits; the relationships between financial statements and the Purcell Diagram; and the issues of cost estimating, time-based breakeven analysis and time-based earned schedule. (2) Tools for Economic Evaluations-This section considers the basic mathematical relations used behind the economic equations and factors; discrete and continuous interest; depreciation terms and methods; and the Present Value of Principal Approach for evaluating loans. (3) Methods for Project Evaluation and Risk Analysis-This section considers payback periods, present worth analysis, return on investment, internal rate of return, benefit/cost ratios and positive-negative project balances; risk techniques of sensitivity analysis, optimistic-pessimistic analysis, discrete probability examples, and continuous probability models using the normal and triangular distributions.

This book is about the role of some engineering principles in our everyday lives. Engineers study these principles and use them in the design and analysis of the products and systems with which they work. The same principles play basic and influential roles in our everyday lives as well. Whether the concept of entropy, the moments of inertia, the natural frequency, the Coriolis acceleration, or the electromotive force, the roles and effects of these phenomena are the same in a system designed by an engineer or created by nature. This shows that learning about these engineering concepts helps us to understand why certain things happen or behave the way they do, and that these concepts are not strange phenomena invented by individuals only for their own use, rather, they are part of our everyday physical and natural world, but are used to our benefit by the engineers and scientists. Learning about these principles might also help attract more and more qualified and interested high school and college students to the engineering fields. Each chapter of this book explains one of these principles through examples, discussions, and at times, simple equations.

The book contains research results obtained by applying Bejan's Constructal Theory to the study and therefore the optimization of fins, focusing on T-shaped and Y-shaped ones. Heat transfer from finned surfaces is an example of combined heat transfer natural or forced convection on the external parts of the fin, and conducting along the fin. Fin's heat exchange is rather complex, because of variation of both temperature along the fin and convective heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore possible presence of more fins invested by the same fluid flow has to be considered. Classical fin theory tried to reduce the coupled heat transfer problem to a one-dimensional problem by defining an average temperature of the fin and writing equations using this parameter. However, it was shown that this approach cannot be used because of the effects of two-dimensional heat transfer, especially in the presence of short fins. CFD codes offer the possibility to consider bi-dimensional (and more generally, three-dimensional) effects and then a more real approach to the physic phenomena of finned surface's heat exchange. A commercial CFD code was used to analyse the case of heat exchange in presence of T-shaped fins, following an approach suggested by Bejan's Constructal Theory. The comparative results showed a significant agreement with previous research taken as a reference, and this result allows for the application of this approach to a wider range of systems. T-shaped optimized fin geometry is the starting point for further research. Starting from the optimal results (T-shape optimized fins), we show the trend of the assessment parameter (the dimensionless conductance) in function of the angle a between the two horizontal arms of the fin. A value for a, 90 < a < 180 capable of a higher value of the dimensionless conductance, has not been found. The thermal efficiency showed a significant increase of this parameter, especially for values of a smaller than 100. Thus, a new definition of optimisation is achieved by introducing the fundamental "e;"e;space factor."e;"e; The present work unifies the "e;"e;classic"e;"e; definitions of optimisation and efficiency in a new general performance criterion, opening a new perspective on multi-fin systems. The last chapter deals with a brief overview on Bejan's Constructal Theory. It explains either tree-shape natural flows or other geometric form in nature and engineering, applying the principle of performance maximization. The Constructal principle also recognizes that a new good form comes to another previous good form which serve the same objective and have the same constraints. Changes in configuration are dynamic, thus a time arrow is then associated to the evolution in system's configuration. Table of Contents: General Introduction / General Overview on Heat Transfer / Conservation Equations / Dimensionless group / Units and conversion factors / Overview of heat transfer on extended surfaces / State of the art in the T-Shaped Fins / Thermal exchange basis / T-Shaped fins / Y-Shaped fins / Modular systems of Y-Shaped fins / Heat removal vs Pressure drops / Conclusions

The experience of an untenured faculty member is highly dependent on the quality of the mentoring they receive. This mentoring may come from a number of different sources, and the concept of developing a constellation of mentors is highly recommended, but a mentoring relationship that is guided by the mentee's needs will be the most productive. Often, however, the mentee does not know their own needs, what questions to ask, and what topics they should discuss with a mentor. This book provides a guide to the mentoring process for untenured faculty. Perspectives are provided and questions posed on topics ranging from establishing scholarly expertise and developing professional networks to personal health and balancing responsibilities. The questions posed are not intended for the mentee to answer in isolation, rather a junior faculty member should approach these questions throughout their untenured years with the help of their mentors. Survive and Thrive: A Guide for Untenured Faculty will help to facilitate the mentoring process and lead junior faculty to a path where they can move beyond just surviving and truly thrive in their position. Table of Contents: Tough Questions About Why You Are Here / Joining Your Department and Discipline / Establishing Expertise / Developing Networks, Relationships, and Mentoring Activities / Getting Support and Evaluating Your Personal Health / Planning for the Future / Conclusion

Relativistic Flight Mechanics and Space Travel is about the fascinating prospect of future human space travel. Its purpose is to demonstrate that such ventures may not be as difficult as one might believe and are certainly not impossible. The foundations for relativistic flight mechanics are provided in a clear and instructive manner by using well established principles which are used to explore space flight possibilities within and beyond our galaxy. The main substance of the book begins with a background review of Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity as it pertains to relativistic flight mechanics and space travel. The book explores the dynamics and kinematics of relativistic space flight from the point of view of the astronauts in the spacecraft and compares these with those observed by earth's scientists and engineers-differences that are quite surprising. A quasi historical treatment leads quite naturally into the central subject areas of the book where attention is focused on various issues not ordinarily covered by such treatment. To accomplish this, numerous simple thought experiments are used to bring rather complicated subject matter down to a level easily understood by most readers with an engineering or science background. The primary subjects regarding photon rocketry and space travel are covered in some depth and include a flight plan together with numerous calculations represented in graphical form. A geometric treatment of relativistic effects by using Minkowski diagrams is included for completeness. The book concludes with brief discussions of other prospective, even exotic, transport systems for relativistic space travel. A glossary and simple end-of-chapter problems with answers enhance the learning process.

Tensor Properties of Solids presents the phenomenological development of solid state properties represented as matter tensors in two parts: Part I on equilibrium tensor properties and Part II on transport tensor properties. Part I begins with an introduction to tensor notation, transformations, algebra, and calculus together with the matrix representations. Crystallography, as it relates to tensor properties of crystals, completes the background treatment. A generalized treatment of solid-state equilibrium thermodynamics leads to the systematic correlation of equilibrium tensor properties. This is followed by developments covering first-, second-, third-, and higher-order tensor effects. Included are the generalized compliance and rigidity matrices for first-order tensor properties, Maxwell relations, effect of measurement conditions, and the dependent coupled effects and use of interaction diagrams. Part I concludes with the second- and higher-order effects, including numerous optical tensor properties. Part II presents the driving forces and fluxes for the well-known proper conductivities. An introduction to irreversible thermodynamics includes the concepts of microscopic reversibility, Onsager's reciprocity principle, entropy density production, and the proper choice of the transport parameters. This is followed by the force-flux equations for electronic charge and heat flow and the relationships between the proper conductivities and phenomenological coefficients. The thermoelectric effects in solids are discussed and extended to the piezothermoelectric and piezoresistance tensor effects. The subjects of thermomagnetic, galvanomagnetic, and thermogalvanomagnetic effects are developed together with other higher-order magnetotransport property tensors. A glossary of terms, expressions, and symbols are provided at the end of the text, and end-of-chapter problems are provided on request. Endnotes provide the necessary references for further reading. Table of Contents: I. Equilibrium Tensor Properties of Solids / Introduction / Introduction to Tensor Notation, Tensor Transformations, Tensor Calculus, and Matrix Representation / Crystal Systems, Symmetry Elements, and Symmetry Transformations / Generalized Thermostatics and the Systematic Correlation of Physical Properties / The Dependent Coupled Effects and the Interrelationships Between First-Order Tensor Properties - Use of Interaction Diagrams / Third- and Fourth-Rank Tensor Properties - Symmetry Considerations / Second- and Higher-Order Effects - Symmetry Considerations / II. Transport Properties of Solids / Introduction to Transport Properties and the Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes / Thermoelectric, Piezothermoelectric, and Diffusive Effects in Solids / Effect of Magnetic Field on the Transport Properties / Appendix A: Magnetic Tensor Properties, Magnetic Crystals, and the Combined Space-Time Transformations / Endnotes / Glossary / Biography / Index

The thrill of discovery and the excitement of innovation mean that research is often immensely satisfying. But beyond the personal satisfaction, the goal of research is to improve the lives of people everywhere by driving revolutionary advances in healthcare, education, business, and government. This guidebook's strategies will help you shape your research and energize your campus so as to achieve the Twin Win: a breakthrough theory that's published and a validated solution that's ready for dissemination.The action-oriented paths in this guidebook resemble a backpacker's guide to hiking. It suggests paths and gives you enough information to get started, while providing enough flexibility to take side treks and enough confidence to find your own way. Short-term projects include inviting speakers to campus, choosing appropriate research projects, and developing networking skills. Middle-term include seeking funding from government agencies and philanthropic foundations, sharpening your writing and speaking skills, and promoting teamwork in research groups. Long-term missions include changing tenure policies, expanding collaboration with business and civic partners, and encouraging programs that combine theory and practice.

Many of us have implemented oral communication instruction in our design courses, lab courses, and other courses where students give presentations. Others have students give presentations without instruction on how to become a better presenter. Many of us, then, could use a concise book that guides us on what instruction on oral communication should include, based on input from executives from different settings. This instruction will help our students get jobs and make them more likely to move up the career ladder, especially in these hard economic times. Oral Communication Excellence for Engineers and Scientists: Based on Executive Input is the tool we need. It is based on input from over 75 executives with engineering or science degrees, leading organizations that employ engineers and scientists. For the presentation chapter, the executives described what makes a "e;stellar presentation."e; And for every other chapter, they gave input-on, for example, how to effectively communicate in meetings and in teams, how to excel at phone communication, how to communicate electronically to supplement oral communication, and how to meet the challenges of oral communication. They also provided tips on cross-cultural communication, listening, choosing the appropriate medium for a communication, elevator pitches, and posters; and using oral communication to network on the job. Oral Communication Excellence for Engineers and Scientists includes exercises and activities for students and professionals, based on instruction that has improved Georgia Tech's students' presentation skills at a statistically significant level. Slides demonstrating best practices are included from Capstone Design students around the country. Table of Contents: Introduction / Background Preparation / Presentation: Customizing to your Audience / Presentation: Telling your Story / Presentation: Displaying Key Information / Delivering the Presentation / Other Oral Communication Skills / Advanced Oral Communication Skills / References

This handbook accelerates the development of analytical writing skills for high school students, students in higher education, and working professionals in a broad range of careers. This handbook builds on the idea that writing clarifies thought, and that through analytical writing comes improved insight and understanding for making decisions about innovation necessary for socioeconomic development. This short handbook is a simple, comprehensive guide that shows differences between descriptive writing and analytical writing, and how students and teachers work together during the process of discovery-based learning. This handbook provides nuts and bolts ideas for team projects, organizing writing, the process of writing, constructing tables, presenting figures, documenting reference lists, avoiding the barriers to clear writing, and outlines the importance of ethical issues and bias for writers. Finally, there are ideas for evaluating writing, and examples of classroom exercises for students and teachers.

South African high schools typically utilise a sex-segregated approach to sports teams and, therefore, have ¿boys¿ sports teams and ¿girls¿ sport teams. This approach is complicated by the increasing number of high school learners who openly identify as transgender. School policies must be consistent with Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act (PEPUDA) in order to be legally compliant. Subsequently, I argue that both partially and fully inclusive policies are lawful. As both these policies are lawful, a choice must be made regarding which set of policies to adopt. When making this choice, a school must consider which values it seeks to promote. On the one hand, there is the imperative to acknowledge the dignity of trans learners while, on the other hand, there are legitimate concerns about the fairness of competition. As dignity is both a right that is granted by the Constitution, and one of its the founding values, I argue that fully inclusive policies should be favored as they result in the validation of trans learners¿ dignity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of learning resource centers in knowledge generation in public primary teachers training colleges in Kenya. It was specifically to establish the adequacy and relevance of materials in learning resource centers, the qualifications and experiences of LRC staff, challenges of using learning and teaching resources and the attitudes of the LRC users towards the use of LRC in PPTTCs in Kenya. The study utilized the theory by McColvin (1978) ¿the demand book theory¿adopted by Jones, (2010). The study was carried out in Tambach Teachers Training College, Keiyo Sub-county, in Kenya. This was a case study design and the target population was 1121. Purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used to sample the respondents. The sample population was 300 students, 20 tutors, and 15members of non-teaching staff excluding librarians, 5 librarians, the college principal,deputy principal, Dean of curriculum and Dean of students. Data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedule, an observation checklist and analyzed using descriptive and in particular percentages, measures of central tendency and standard deviation.

The purpose of this book was to assess leadership perceptions in the Catholic Church. Although perpetuating the priesthood is the cornerstone of sustaining the leadership of the church, there is concern over the current trend in joining the priesthood. The number of individuals willing to become priests is declining. To evaluate this phenomenon, the study employed research questions that sought to compare older and younger priests. The study findings from the chi-square and ANOVA indicated that there was no significant difference in the most preferred leadership styles between young and older priests. The Facilitative method of leadership was the most desirable leadership style by both groups of priests. Also, the outcomes of the research found that the number of years spent in service does not influence a priest¿s choice of leadership style.

This book is the outcome of my Master¿s thesis, a research on principals¿ leadership roles and teachers¿ motivation conducted among some secondary and high schools in Cameroon. Based on the vacuum that exists in books on this topic within this context, the book can be used as a pioneer source that presents chronological, systematic and analytical knowledge on leadership and teachers¿ motivation in Cameroonian secondary/high schools. The book consists of five chapters, each of which presents specific information on educational leadership and/or motivation which add up to provide a systematic overview of the topic. Chapter One presents the background of the study. Chapter Two presents literature review on concepts and theories. Chapter Three presents the research methodology. Chapter Four presents the findings. Lastly, Chapter Five presents the conclusion, recommendations, suggestions for further research, limitations and implications of the study. Conclusively, the book indicates that principals as heads of secondary/high schools are obliged to lead from a nexus of web of leadership roles to ensure teachers¿ motivation.

The book presents comprehensive documentation of why, when and how SVI can be included in all aspects of STEM curriculum not only in Nigeria but all over the world. Newly developed Kit and existing Talking LabQuest were tested in an action research study. Six initial stakeholders ¿search conferences¿ were organised to understand the nature and extent of the problem. They revealed evidence of inadequate accessibility to science and mathematics education by SVI due to unavailable resources and personnel. Findings show that the approaches enabled access of SVI to science and mathematics at a comparable level with their sighted peers. SVI and sighted teachers learn and teach with reduced specialist teacher involvement. The intervention positively challenged local views and practice regarding curriculum access and SVI and offers examples for improved provision of relevant resources and training for staff to better support SVI independence and inclusion. This study showcases the uniqueness of action research in empowering all participants to bring about change.

In this globalized world where torrents of information can smoothly flow from a country to another, global education is facilitated by the advancement of technology. Webinars and E-Learning Platforms are key providers in learning about globalization and participating in the global community.Institutions can use a learning management system (LMS) to manage their overall eLearning program. It is a software program that allows storing eLearning content in one location. Learners and training staff will log into the same point of access to accomplish their appropriate activities. The LMS enhances the tracking of who has completed courses and assessment. The LMS could be based on social forums, blended learning, ¿gamification¿, and Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL).This study looked at the use of ¿E-learning platforms¿ in teaching the English language during extracurricular educational opportunities in 1Tunisia. Its aim was to investigate the extent to which learners¿ English language skills are evolving during virtual learning environment sessions (E-learning platform sessions in the Houses Of Culture).