Udviklingsøkonomi og vækstøkonomier

The "Practicable Artificial Photosynthesis (PAP)" technology described in this book facilitates one to harvest sunlight to meet all the energy needs of the society without any back-up from fossil fuels to meet all the energy needs of the society by using carbon dioxide and water as energy storing materials. The PAP process can completely eradicate the poverty and unemployment across the globe, and it can solve the problems of CO2 associated global warming and the related social cost of carbon problems completely. Four new technologies invented and discovered by the author of this book as a part of developing this comprehensive PAP process including a brand-new technology "Semiconductor and Liquid Assisted Photothermal Effect (SLAPE)" to generate electricity from sunlight with highest efficiency at lowest expenditure have also been presented and described in this book for the first time. Ultra-low cost EPDM rubber based membranes needed for alkaline electrolyzers and fuel cells also introduced in this book.About the Author: Dr. Ibram Ganesh, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Chemistry) is presently a scientist at International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad, India. He has carried out his Ph.D. work at IICT, Hyderabad, and obtained his doctoral degree in the year 1999. He received BOYSCAST and IUSSTF fellowships from Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, to do post-doctoral research at University of Aveiro, Portugal, and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, respectively, for one year period each. He invented a brand-new technology called "Semiconductor and Liquid Assisted Photothermal Effect (SLAPE)" for generating electricity from sunlight. He also experimentally discovered that electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO is a reverse reaction of CO oxidation in air that does not involve protons in the reduction process. He is an author of 98 publications and inventor of 10 patents, and one of the top 2% scientists in the world.

The aim of this book is to offer up-to-date insights into the challenges for international firms represented by managing their marketing mix in "e;distant"e; countries, especially considering the role played by cultural distance. Building on the famous McCarthy's "e;4Ps,"e; and on the concept of "e;cultural distance,"e; the book outlines some key challenges and opportunities for firms that manage international marketing policies about "e;product,"e; "e;price,"e; "e;place,"e; and "e;promotion"e; in culturally distant markets. At the same time, the book looks at extant conceptualizations and approaches considering the evolving environmental forces, which are contributing to further challenges for firms that are confronted with changing economic and social scenarios. Indeed, markets and societies are increasingly affected by multiculturalism, and new patterns in consumers' behaviors have emerged due to the proliferation of digital technologies and, more recently, due to several market disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic. How do firms manage culturally distant and increasingly evolving cultural environments is a relevant topic worthy of discussion from both a theoretical perspective and a practice-based approach, through the analysis of real-world case studies. Researchers of cross-cultural marketing and practitioners intending to get acquainted with the latest research on the topic would particularly benefit from this book.

With a focus on SDG11, this book generates key insights and takeaways into the role of family businesses in developing and encouraging sustainable practices that have a positive effect on every member of their community.

The rise of China poses a significant challenge to the existing, Western-dominated world economic order. The effectiveness of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) is contingent on a smooth transition of the world¿s economic center toward the Asia-Pacific Region. For Western investors, the vast market opportunities can be tempting. However, the lack of experience and knowledge of international management in China ¿ a country with radically different business rules and cultural background ¿ poses a substantial risk.This book provides comprehensive insights into the fast-changing business world in China. Based on the authors¿ theoretical knowledge and invaluable years of practical experience, it discusses the various options for doing business in China, with current examples that demonstrate how European SMEs can successfully position themselves between multinational companies and local competitors. It also highlights new opportunities arising from Chinäs international involvement (New Silk Road, RCEP) and addresses risk management for European SMEs operating in China. Moreover, it sheds light on how to form relationships of mutual trust between Chinese policymakers and their advisors/cooperation partners from abroad.Readers with an interest in doing business in China will find this book particularly valuable.

Fusing the regional with the global, this book widens its perspective from a distinct, national moment to an international interdependency with the power to ripple across every corner of the globe.

Trying to explain the sources of Poland's economic success and decouple it from simple stylized facts on economic convergence anchored in the neoclassical growth models, the chapters show how the Polish economy rapidly moved away from the communist economic system, which had ended up in an economic collapse.

Biochar Production for Green Economy: Agricultural and Environmental Perspectives addresses the advancements and developments for the efficient diversification of biochar toward achieving improved agricultural and environmental benefits.  This comprehensive and cohesive volume is the first to address the potential multi-and transdisciplinary opportunities of effective biochar production and use. Including the potential applicability of not only crop waste biochar but weeds, agroforestry, agroindustry, municipal waste, as well chapters explore surface modified, enriched or tailored biochar for soil amendment, GHGs mitigation, bioremediation of organic, inorganic, metals and other emerging pollutants, as well as soil remediation. It also covers the trending multidisciplinary approaches of nanotechnology, surface chemistry and thermal decomposition advancements being adopted for capacity enhancement and versatile applicability in the field of agriculture, environment science and green energy synthesis. Composition and characteristics of tailored biochar, their interactions, and transformation into the soil and water ecosystem are illustrated. This book is a valuable resource for those pursuing biochar related areas as well as those seeking environmentally sustainable solutions to crop, soil or water issues.

This book explores how migrants and refugees can revitalise peripheral regions and communities economically. The extent to which migrants stimulate the economic activities of these regions through labour market participation, entrepreneurship, innovation and consumption is examined theoretically and empirically for the EU as a whole, as well as through empirical case studies that highlight the impact of migration at macro, company, and individual levels. A particular focus is given to the economic consequences of Third Country Nationals to places beyond the cities, i.e. the peripheral and remote regions of Europe.This book aims to provide insight into the role of migrations in low productive and labour-intensive regions. The authors provide innovative policy recommendations to stimulate the positive economic consequences of immigration to places beyond the cities. It will be of interest to students, researchers, and policymakers working within labour economics and migration and integration policies.

In this edited book, we provide foundational tenets of Gandhian perspective, and present examples of social organizations that are aiming to insulate themselves by adopting community and village-centered approaches to restructuring socially-embedded economic activities that align with Gandhian principles. These cases highlight the relevance of Gandhi's thoughts in the field of social entrepreneurship. We examine key principles such as Sarvodaya (the welfare of all), Antodaya (the upliftment of the weakest), self-sufficiency, self-reliance, Nai Talim (holistic education), and Trusteeship. We explore how social organizations implement these principles to promote resilience and well-being at the community level.The COVID-19 pandemic revealed unsustainable practices in the world, including disrupted supply chains, contagious effects of integrated global economy that ignore the local self-reliance, and unsustainable internal displacement that make cities dependent on rural labor and rural population dependent on urban areas for jobs. These issues show that there are systemic problems with how our society and market are structured. The traditional way of development that focuses on profit maximization and unlimited wants has caused problems like inequality, resource depletion, and disproportionate wealth accumulation. Unlimited growth in a limited world has led us to social, economic, and ecological crises. However, degrowth, as an approach has been criticized for wanting to go back to pre-industrial times. In this context, Gandhi's ideas offer alternatives. Gandhi promotes moderation in how market activities are structured and how individual consumption practices are followed. This can help reduce the negative impact of economic activities on people and the planet, and move towards a more structured and inclusive economy.

This pioneering work focuses on the crucial role that the cooperation of Japan, a major stakeholder in production networks in North America, is playing in supporting Mexico's domestic suppliers of the automotive industry. The importance of Japanese cooperation is analyzed with an examination of the transfer of knowledge and technology crucial for reshaping the automotive industry. Additionally, particular interest is given to the challenges posed to Mexico's automotive industry by the United States¿MexicöCanada Agreement (USMCA), the Covid-19 disruptions, and the transition to electric vehicle (EV) manufacturing. The book demonstrates the importance of cooperation in economic partnership agreements such as the one between Japan and Mexico to strengthen the role of investment in complex regional integration networks and to face new challenges. Academics and policymakers will find a framework to guide research and decision-making regarding the transformation of automotivemanufacturing and production networks in Mexico's automotive industry. Specifically, the new conditions facing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the important part that Japanese cooperation will play in the industry's evolution.

"This edited collection provides a rare look at the dynamic growth and multinationalization of Korean apparel firms. Despite their economic and social significance at home and abroad, little attention has been paid to the evolving nature of their business and strategies. This volume highlights their contributions as well as the challenges they are confronting in the fast-changing global apparel industry."- Kihak Sung, Chairman/CEO of Youngone Corporation and Former President of the International Textile Manufacturers Federation (ITMF)"The Korean apparel industry is an intriguing case in the study of industrial development because it was one of Korea's leading export sectors in the 1970s and 1980s, and then Korea adopted a critical middleman role in the subsequent internationalization of the apparel global value chain (GVC) since the 1990s. This edited volume highlights this new phase of globalization and regionalization by zooming in on Korean multinational first-tier suppliers and their role in fostering the expansion of the apparel GVC in Southeast Asia, Central America and other global regions."- Gary Gereffi, Emeritus Professor of Sociology and Director of the Global Value Chains Center at DukeThis book offers a fresh look at the global apparel industry, focusing on Korean multinational corporations (MNCs) and their growing role in building regional connections and shaping economic and social development in Asia. Focusing on the multinationalization of Korean apparel firms over the past decades and their upgrading to first-tier suppliers in apparel global value chains, this edited volume highlights a host of new challenges these emerging MNCs confront in the rapidly changing global apparel industry and provides an in-depth view of their expanding role and adaptive strategies in configuring regional connections in post-Pandemic Asia.Joonkoo Lee is an Associate Professor in the School of Business at Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Hyunji Kwon is a Professor of Sociology at Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.Hyun-Chin Lim is a Professor Emeritus of Sociology and Director of the Civil Society Program in Asia Center at Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

This book examines the reduction of natural resource revenue dependency in resource-rich countries. Such countries experience lower economic growth due to factors of high volatility in commodity prices, reduction in accountability, undermining of the competitiveness of other economic sectors, and weak power of institutions. The analysis is based on an identified gap in the literature regarding how private sector development and public sector development affect the degree of dependency on resource revenue in natural resource-rich countries.This book studies the interaction between private and public sector development with dependency on natural resources, specifically exploring whether the two diversified factors lead to a decrease in the degree of dependency, which is important for economic growth and to overcome the "resource curse". Economic diversification is viewed as a long-term solution to the high economic dependency from natural resources. Private sector development and public sector reforms may lead to this diversification.The analysis of the book helps to shed light on private sector development, public services sector privatization, and a taxation system to diversify sources of income, with the objective to reduce dependency on natural resources extraction.This book is an invaluable read for public policymakers, the public and private sectors, law makers, and scholars of developmental studies.

This book focuses on the current internal and external situation China is facing both from a macro perspective and a theoretical height, and puts forward practical development strategies and diplomatic ideas. It is of great methodological significance. At home, the development thought after the conclusion of the hundred-year change is the guiding thought for China's further development, and abroad, the international communication and the construction of international order highlighted by the hundred-year change also have important reference significance for the world's development.

Some innovators are luminous shooting stars--think Pablo Picasso, Albert Einstein, Sylvia Plath, Bob Dylan, Steve Jobs--who make bold leaps early and suddenly, then lose their creativity. Others are late bloomers--Paul Cezanne, Charles Darwin, Virginia Woolf, Alfred Hitchcock, Warren Buffett--who show little early promise, but spend long periods doggedly pursing distant goals, and attain greatness in old age. By analyzing the careers of scores of great innovators, this book reveals systematic differences in the motivations and methods of these two types, and their very different patterns of creativity over the life cycle. The result is a new and deeper unified understanding of the sources of human creativity.

Deborah of the bible was an incredible woman of God; she was a Kingdom Pioneer who boldly took hold of her God-given gifts and talents and stepped out in faith. She knew that in her God anything was possible. This book is a clarion call for modern-day Mighty Deborah Christian Women Entrepreneurs to take action and pioneer globally, with prophetic purpose, planning and prayer, the business ventures God has placed in their hearts.Are you struggling to confidently and boldly turn your God-breathed business dreams and desires into reality? Are you unsure of the practical steps required to start, grow and develop a faith-filled business venture? In this book, you will learn keys from Deborah's life to activate your entrepreneurial journey, along with how to implement the practical 5+U Pillars of Business Model to bring fresh momentum to your ventures.

Sustainability in cost savings in daily business activities and in homes. Sustainability in cost savings require serious discipline and practical work to be able to sustain it for a very long period of time. Mrs. Florence O. Ilumoka is a Management Accountant with an MBA in Financial Services with special interest in management, cost savings and sustainability. With over 20 year experience in her profession, she is an accomplished career focused professional who has worked in her profession with major multi-national corporations such as Costain, Fresh Water Group of Companies, Transport for London(TFL) and UPDC Ltd. Ealing council, Newham council, Seattle Ltd, Coffee Republic, In the last 10 years, she has been particularly passionate about writing about cost savings gleaning from her personal experience and activities inspired her to write a book about it. Hobby; love playing badminton and tennis. Inspiration, I am number crunching person who loves to manage and saves money. Website, Instagram and LinkedIn.

The book focuses on the conceptualization of sensory marketing and neurolinguistic programming as potential tools for implementing neuromarketing, as well as the evaluation of its feedback in relation to factors influencing business behavior. The primary objective of the book is to clarify specific aspects of neuromarketing and neurolinguistic programming in the context of business behavior and to compare how subjectively businesspeople and customers perceive these aspects. It is dedicated to experts in the field of scientific research who engage in the study of neuromarketing and neurolinguistic programming in various contexts, especially in connection with sensory marketing in business behavior. Possibilities of using the presented methodologies, as well as theoretical and methodological knowledge, can be found in the preference of people for work, also in the education, coaching, and training of salespeople, employees, and people in general.

This handbook provides a reference resource to showcase insightful and nuanced perspectives on Africäs agriculture, industry, services, and manufacturing sectors; factors affecting the sectors¿ competitiveness; and the sectors¿ contribution to employment, economic growth, and sustainable development. It also addresses the potential benefits that the sectors could harness from the planned Continental Free Trade Area (CFTA), and in particular how CFTA could increase the efficiency and competitiveness of these sectors.This book provides evidence-based holistic analyses of the past and current state of Africäs economic sectors, with a strong emphasis on tangible and specific policy recommendations for the purpose of enhancing future economic growth, employment, and sustainable development of the continent. It also assesses the impact of the first-ever Continental Free Trade Area in Africa, and its potential implications for Africäs integration into regional and global economy and competitiveness relative to other fast developing economies (such as those in Asia). This handbook gives an in-depth analysis of fundamental domestic factors that have relevance on the sectors¿ expansion and growth and their contributions to employment, economic growth, and sustainable development in Africa with differential effects across the continent.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the African air transport market from a strategic management perspective.Drawing on well-grounded theories, research applications and real-world case studies, it examines competition dynamics, interconnectivity, the growth of low-cost carriers, and demand patterns in air transport for both passenger and cargo traffic. It also presents an expert analysis on the introduction of the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM), made possible by the liberalization of the air transport market, from a regulatory perspective. Based on the results of the analysis, the book evaluates both the benefits and limitations of an open skies agreement. Furthermore, it shed lights on the challenges and complexities of African public infrastructure investments and airport financing, discusses the impact of COVID-19, and provides strategic recommendations for airlines.The book is aimed at professionals in aviation and airline industries and students interested in the African air transport market.

This book assesses the progress in the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in ASEAN, India and China using the above framework conditions in the context with three main propositions. First, translating the SDGs into regional economic integration strategies during the pandemic recovery can enhance the link between global objectives and the multifaceted reality of an ASEAN community building process, and providing a strategic option to strengthen the regional approaches. Secondly, a regional approach on complementarities to SDGs can facilitate the definition of relevant targets/indicators and enhance the monitoring and evaluation framework. In so doing it could also offer the scope to integrate more closely ASEAN community's social and environmental concerns into existing economic, social and political frameworks. Thirdly, focusing just on the geo-economic sphere - the area where south east and East Asian economic integration is relatively more advanced - will prove the hypothesis that effective regional integration through mega trade agreements such as the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) can support the Asia's transformation agenda and foster more inclusive and sustainable growth.

Latin American and Iberian entrepreneurship represents a special kind of innovation, risk-taking, and futuristic business activity based on a common cultural heritage. There has been an increased interest in entrepreneurship related to specific cultural groups, and this edited book will be among the first to provide a Latin American and Iberian perspective to the study of entrepreneurship, thereby acknowledging the role of the Spanish and Portuguese diaspora and language on the global economy. Each chapter will focus on a different aspect of entrepreneurship related to countries within Latin America and Iberia. By combining both geographical groups, the authors aim to provide a better understanding of how Latin culture permeates entrepreneurial business activities. 

Introduction Behavioral economics is the combination of psychology and economics that investigates what happens in markets in which some of the agents display human limitations. However, surely all of economics is meant to be about the behavior of economic agents, be their firms or consumers, suppliers or demanders, bankers. Economics traditionally conceptualizes a world populated by calculating, unemotional maximizers. Hence, their minds bring this question: Why may technology influence global labor number increases or decreases ? Why and how human behavior may influence economic growth or recession ? I shall attempt to apply human psychology and economic theory to explain these questions to let readers can understand.

This edited collection offers an insight into the dynamic of HRM in thirteen developing countries across Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Taking readers through the realities of HRM in the global South, the book identifies the significance of contexts, diversity of cultures, and dissimilarity of processes in managing people. In other words, the book addresses general issues of HRM in cross-national settings to give readers an understanding of HR that is comparative and country-specific. Covering issues in Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, China, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Bahrain, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, and Argentina, each chapter draws out the unique and diverse configurations of HRM in each country. Also examining digital HRM, technology-based entrepreneurship, gig work, artificial intelligence and digitalization in business practice, this book is an invaluable resource for all HRM practitioners, policymakers, students, HRM scholars, international HRM, international business, and business managers across the globe.