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This book restores to view a masterpiece of beauty and legal scholarship, which has been lost for almost two hundred years. Produced anonymously in 1838, The Tree of Legal Knowledge is an elaborate visualization in five large colored plates of the law as stated in Sir William Blackstone¿s Commentaries on the Laws of England. Intended as ¿an assistant for students in the study of law,¿ the study aid was not a simple diagram but a beautiful tree with each branch and twig labeled with legal terms and concepts from the Commentaries. Not for law students only, the original was also intended to be of use to the practicing attorney and educated gentleman ¿in consolidating his learning and forming an instructive and ornamental appendage to an office.¿Although Blackstone¿s Commentaries had been first published eighty years earlier, it remained the primary source for knowledge of English law and required reading for American law students. The Commentaries remain relevant today and are frequently cited by the U.S. Supreme Court as a source for the original understanding of legal rights and obligations at the time of American Independence. Despite its artistic beauty and academic significance, The Tree of Legal Knowledge had seemingly disappeared shortly after its publication. It is not included in the collection of any library, including the Library of Congress or in Yale University¿s Blackstone Collection, the largest in the world. It is not listed in the comprehensive Bibliographical Catalog of William Blackstone, edited by Ann Jordan Laeuchli, published for the Yale Law Library in 2015. The present volume reproduces the only extant copy of The Tree of Legal Knowledge. It includes an introduction by the editor that places The Tree in historical context and identifies the anonymous author, an otherwise unknown lawyer. In addition, it reprints the original author¿s introduction and ¿explanation of the branches,¿ both extensively annotated. This book restores this lost masterpiece to its proper place in legal history. The Tree is a beautiful¿and accurate¿depiction of English law as expounded in Blackstone¿s Commentaries, the single most important book in the history of the common law.

This book presents an empirical examination of consent-seeking among Pashtun Muslims in the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), to determine whether cultural norms and beliefs have largely come to diverge from the principles of consent in Islamic law and jurisprudence. Is culture part of the 'inevitable decay' to which Max Müller says every religion is exposed? Or - if rephrased in terms of the research encapsulated within this book - are cultural beliefs and practises the inevitable decay to which Islam has been exposed in Muslim societies?Drawing on interviews with Muslims in Pakistan and Australia, the research broadly broaches questions around the rights of women in Islam and contributes to a wider understanding of Muslim social, cultural, and religious practices in both Muslim majority nations and diaspora communities. The author disentangles cultural practices from both religious and universal legal principles, demonstrating how consent seeking in Pashtun culture generally does not reflect the spirit or the intent of consent as described in Hanafi law and jurisprudence. This research will be of interest to students and scholars across sociology, anthropology, socio-legal studies, and law, with a focus on Islamically-justified law reform in Muslim nation states.

This book investigates Turkey's departure from a 'flawed democracy' under Kemalist secularism, and its transitioning into Islamist authoritarian Erdoganism, through the lenses of informal law, legal pluralism, and legal hybridity. In doing so, it examines the attempts of Turkey's ruling party (AKP) at social engineering and gradual Islamisation of the Turkish state and society, by using informal Islamist laws.To that end, the book argues that the AKP has paved the way for Islamist legal hybridity where society, state, and law, are being gradually Islamised on an ad hoc basis. Informal law and legal pluralism in Turkey have had a non-state characteristic which have permitted Muslims to solve disputes by seeking the opinions of religio-legal scholars. Yet under the AKP rule, this informal legal system has become increasingly dominated by conservatives, sometimes radical Islamists, which the governing party has taken advantage of by either formalizing some parts of the informal Islamist law, or using it informally to mobilize its supporters against the opposition.

While most people assume that all bribery is unethical, the literature provides examples and philosophical arguments to support the proposition that some bribery may actually be ethical, based on utilitarian grounds. This book provides a theoretical and empirical examination of bribery from an ethical perspective. It examines empirical data from over 80 countries and reports on attitudes toward bribery examining demographic variables such as gender, age, ethnicity, education, income level, religion and social class. Multi-country comparisons are provided to determine whether views toward bribery differ by geographic location.

"Scott Douglas Gerber reveals that America has been devoted to the free exercise of religion since well before the First Amendment was ratified. An important contribution to the history of colonial America and religious liberty, this work will interest scholars of history, political science, and the law of religious freedom"--

This book restores to view a masterpiece of beauty and legal scholarship, which has been lost for almost two hundred years. Produced anonymously in 1838, The Tree of Legal Knowledge is an elaborate visualization in five large colored plates of the law as stated in Sir William Blackstone¿s Commentaries on the Laws of England. Intended as ¿an assistant for students in the study of law,¿ the study aid was not a simple diagram but a beautiful tree with each branch and twig labeled with legal terms and concepts from the Commentaries. Not for law students only, the original was also intended to be of use to the practicing attorney and educated gentleman ¿in consolidating his learning and forming an instructive and ornamental appendage to an office.¿Although Blackstone¿s Commentaries had been first published eighty years earlier, it remained the primary source for knowledge of English law and required reading for American law students. The Commentaries remain relevant today and are frequently cited by the U.S. Supreme Court as a source for the original understanding of legal rights and obligations at the time of American Independence. Despite its artistic beauty and academic significance, The Tree of Legal Knowledge had seemingly disappeared shortly after its publication. It is not included in the collection of any library, including the Library of Congress or in Yale University¿s Blackstone Collection, the largest in the world. It is not listed in the comprehensive Bibliographical Catalog of William Blackstone, edited by Ann Jordan Laeuchli, published for the Yale Law Library in 2015. The present volume reproduces the only extant copy of The Tree of Legal Knowledge. It includes an introduction by the editor that places The Tree in historical context and identifies the anonymous author, an otherwise unknown lawyer. In addition, it reprints the original author¿s introduction and ¿explanation of the branches,¿ both extensively annotated. This book restores this lost masterpiece to its proper place in legal history. The Tree is a beautiful¿and accurate¿depiction of English law as expounded in Blackstone¿s Commentaries, the single most important book in the history of the common law.

Gerhard Robbers gehört zu den profiliertesten Religionsverfassungsrechtlern Europas. Gleichzeitig prägt sein breites fachliches Interesse seine Arbeit. Anlässlich seines 70. Geburtstages und zu Ehren seines Wirkens als Lehrer, Forscher und Praktiker vereint die Festschrift Beiträge zu Staat und Religion, Grundfragen staatlicher Ordnung, Verfassungs- und Europarecht, Grund- und Menschenrechten sowie Rechtspolitik. Die insgesamt 61 deutsch- und englischsprachigen Beiträge widmen sich sowohl grundlegenden als auch hochaktuellen Themen. Mit ihrem Schwerpunkt auf Rechtsfragen zu Staat und Religion aus deutscher, rechtsvergleichender und europäischer Perspektive stellt die Festschrift eines der umfassendsten Werke zu diesem breiten Themengebiet dar.Mit Beiträgen von Arnd Arnold, Sima Avramovic, Johannes Barrot, Frauke Bronsema, Peter Bülow, Engin Ciftci, Sabine Dahm, Kerstin von der Decken, Franz Dorn, Horst Ehmann, Achilles C. Emilianides, Arndt Faatz, Silvio Ferrari, Lars Friedner, Angelika Günzel, Christian Heitsch, Reinhard Hendler, Ansgar Hense, Mark Hill, Ekkehard Hofmann, Alexander Hollerbach, Friedhelm Hufen, Iván C. Ibán, Christina Ioannou, Blaz Ivanc, Siegfried Jutzi, Urs Kindhäuser, Merilin Kiviorg, Matti Kotiranta, Volker Krey, Javier Martínez-Torrón, María Concepción Medina González, Francis Messner, Andreas Mühling, Hans-Friedrich Müller, Eckhard Nagel, Lina Papadopoulou, Christian Pernhorst, Richard Potz, Alexander Proelß, Matthias Pulte, Thomas Raab, Michael Rahe, Thierry Rambaud, Miguel Rodríguez Blanco, Martell Rotermundt, Matthias Ruffert, Thomas Rüfner, Michal Rynkowski, Balázs Schanda, Meinhard Schröder, Harald Schroeter-Wittke, Gábor Spuller, Henning Tappe, Emanuel Tavala, Rik Torfs, Antje von Ungern-Sternberg, Heinrich de Wall, Karin von Welck, Joachim Wieland, Michael Wiener, Wolfgang Wieshaider und Arne Ziekow.