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De smarte teknologier er overalt og har fået stigende opmærksomhed. I hverdagen møder vi digitale løsninger og intelligent teknologi som ”smart cities”, ”Big Data”, ”Machine Learning”, ”Artificial Intelligence” og ”The Internet of Things”.Rammerne for den smarte teknologi må sættes af en tilsvarende smart regulering. Det er netop samspillet mellem teknologi og regulering, der belyses i denne antologi.Bogen falder i to dele: først en mere generel del om regulering og databehandling samt robotter og konflikthåndtering. I bogens 2. del sættes der fokus på mere specifikke områder: medierne, politiet, grænsekontrollen samt sundheds- og energisektoren.De tolv forskellige bidrag illustrerer, hvorledes moderne teknologi og digital forvaltning baseret på forskellige former for kunstig intelligens udfordrer retten og kalder på smart regulering.

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The Yearbook stimulates necessary discussions, critical thinking and further research in the field The world is in a state of flux, and the wellbeing of humanity is challenged by old and new conflicts, climate change and a general threat to the rule of law and democracy. These challenges require novel and innovative approaches in relation to the interpretation of existing human rights frameworks if the impact of these new threats is to be mitigated. The European Yearbook on Human Rights 2023, Re-thinking Human Rights, brings together renowned scholars, practitioners and emerging voices to the discussion on the importance of changing our understanding of human rights and their fulfilment for the collective benefit of humanity in this time of constant change.

Die Ausgestaltung des Annahmeverfahrens für Verfassungsbeschwerden muss die Gewährung effektiven Grundrechtsschutzes einerseits und die begrenzten Entscheidungskapazitäten des Verfassungsgerichts andererseits in Einklang bringen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird aufgezeigt, welche materiellen und prozessualen Regelungen beim Bundesverfassungsgericht und beim US Supreme Court den Zugang zur Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeit steuern. Unter Berücksichtigung eines prozeduralen Überprüfungsansatzes und demokratietheoretischer Erwägungen wird anschließend das Modell eines deliberativen Annahmeverfahrens entwickelt, das die verfassungsgerichtlichen Ressourcen bestmöglich nutzt. Wesentliche Elemente des Verfahrens sind insbesondere die Zuständigkeit des Senats, die Annahme nach Ermessen anhand der verfassungsrechtlichen Relevanz, die Möglichkeit zur Veröffentlichung von Sondervoten sowie besondere Anforderungen an die Formulierung des Beschwerdeantrags nach dem Vorbild der Questions Presented im Writ of Certiorari-Verfahren des US Supreme Court.

¿In einer Zeit des rasanten Wandels, geprägt von technologischen Innovationen, weltweiten Krisen und neuen Generationen, stehen Organisationen vor der Herausforderung, sich anzupassen und zeitgemäße Arbeitsweisen zu etablieren. Dieses Buch wirft einen einzigartigen Blick auf einen Bereich, der traditionell von Ordnung und Autorität geprägt ist ¿ die Polizei. Ein Polizist und eine Pädagogin nehmen sich der Thematik an. Durch diese unkonventionelle Zusammenarbeit entsteht eine Reflexion über die Generationen Z und Alpha und deren Herausforderungen in einem Umfeld, das nach neuen Ansätzen verlangt.

This book puts forward new thinking on how the theory and system of China's administrative law can meet the requirements of the low-carbon era based on the 25-year (1990-2015) development of Chinäs administrative law in addressing climate change. With the basic content and structure of administrative law as the analytical framework and from the two dimensions of restraining the government's own activities to meet low-carbon requirements and prompting the government to effectively perform the new function of implementing low-carbon regulations, this book systematically studies the due changes and developments of theories and systems such as the basic principles of administrative law, administrative entities, administrative actions, administrative processes and administration liabilities.The purpose of writing this book is to explore and answer the vital role of Chinäs administrative law in coping with climate change as well as the development of theories and systems of China's administrative law to comply with the new requirements proposed by the government administration in the low-carbon era.This book is the world¿s first legal monograph devoted to low-carbon administration in China in the field of administrative law, with novel, prospective and pertinent viewpoints, unique analysis, rich content and detailed information. The study involves cross-disciplinary research in the field of environmental protection, environmental law and administrative law. The book is also a window for the development of Chinäs administrative law, especially the overall development of low-carbon administration in China.The publication of this book can provide a necessary theoretical basis for follow-up in-depth research on this topic from both Chinäs and international legal circles as well as related multidisciplinary researchers and provide a substantive reference for worldwide practical circles to make relevant decisions.

The book continues to use quantitative and empirical research methods to summarize and analyze the achievements of government openness in China in 2020. It points out that in 2020, the exploration of standardization and standardization of government affairs openness is accelerating, decision-making openness is making steady progress, and government affairs services, administrative law enforcement, and management results are all making significant progress. However, in the future, it is still necessary to further enhance the awareness of openness, identify the needs of the public, integrate openness into the whole process of government affairs activities, and improve the level of information security. Besides, the book for the first time first carries out a third-party assessment of the government affairs publicity in the national free trade zones and free trade zones, and releases research reports on the publicity of administrative punishment information, government news release, work and production resumption information, and health science popularization information.

This book concerns how China's legal institutions promoted its economic growth and demonstrates that the law has played different roles at various stages of China's economic transformation, a signal of legal paradigm shifts in reaction to the changing political and economic pursuits. By decomposing the role of law in the process, the author argues that while the Chinese economy was transforming from a planned economy to a market-oriented one, the law also made its adjustment as a response-the Chinese legal system was evolving from the one consisting of primarily substantive laws to the one filled with high-level formal laws by the end of the last century. The above observation of legal formalization is further consolidated by introducing the particularities of China's legal education in those years-a topic rarely dealt with yet of significance to comprehensively understand the Chinese legal system in practice. Overall, the present book argues against the modernization theory and determinism that would anticipate a similar developmental path globally and shows that the relationship between law and economic development is contingent. Therefrom, this study weighs in the law and development debate and breaks a perception of static law in the economy by rejecting the conventional perception of established legal institutions as a precondition of modernity. Hence, this book could appeal to legal scholars and sociologists interested in reevaluating western theories of free economy and its relationships to the law. In addition, scholars interested in research methodology would find the perspective of paradigm shifts in interpreting China's transformations a helpful analytical framework in research. Moreover, policymakers and legislators concerned about the characteristics of law for economic results would also find the book useful.

This book critically examines the development of the 'stirring up hatred' offences which are currently found within the UK's Public Order Act 1986. Through a critical discourse analysis of key excerpts of parliamentary Hansard, the book constructs a detailed genealogy of the offences from the perspectives that shaped them. A novel application of theory on 'myth' is used to navigate the complex arguments and to trace ideas about identity and order across parliamentary debates, from fears of Fascism in the 1930s to condemnations of homophobia in the early 21st century. The story of the stirring up hatred offences told in this book therefore extends far beyond the traditional frame of a dilemma between regulating hate speech and safeguarding free speech: it is inextricably entwined with myths about law, race and national identity, and speaks to wider themes of coloniality, neoliberalism, white entitlement, British-Christian exceptionalism and the innocence of law. Written in an accessible and engaging style, this book challenges a wide range of assumptions about hate speech law and raises a series of considerations for developing forms of accountability that are less complicit in the harms that they are supposed to redress.

This textbook analyses from an economic perspective the phenomena of public law, the constitution, the democratic and political process, federalism, NGOs, administration and state decisions. It also examines selected fields of administrative law, including finance and tax law, public economic law and environmental law. Although the book uses examples from different legal orders, it maintains a focus on continental European law, as it aims to advance the law and economics approach in Europe.

Dieses neuartige Lehrbuch richtet sich an Studierende, die entweder einen Einstieg in den Bereich der Grundrechte suchen oder aber die Grundrechte zwecks Vorbereitung auf die Ubungen bzw. das Staatsexamen wiederholen mochten. Das Werk ist konsequent auf die Anforderungen zugeschnitten, mit denen Studierende in Klausuren und Hausarbeiten konfrontiert werden. Alle Grundrechte sowie die prufungsrelevanten Grundzuge der Verfassungsbeschwerde werden ausgehend vom Verfassungstext systematisch erschlossen. Die allgemeinen Grundrechtslehren, die in ihrer Abstraktheit gerade fur den Einsteiger haufig nur schwer verstandlich sind, werden nicht "e;vor die Klammer"e; gezogen, sondern am Beispiel einzelner Grundrechte behandelt. Zum besseren Verstandnis gibt das Buch auerdem die zentralen Entscheidungen des BVerfG in den relevanten Auszugen wieder. Beispielsfalle, deren Losungen uber das Internet bereitgestellt werden, sowie Zusammenstellungen typischer Klausurprobleme runden das Lehrbuch ab. 

This book is Volume II of a two-volume set on antitrust policy, analyzing the economic efficiency and moral desirability of various kinds of antitrust-policy-coverable conduct and various possible government responses to such conduct, including US and EU antitrust law. The overall study consists of three parts. Part I (Chapters 1-8) introduces readers to the economic, moral, and legal concepts that play important roles in antitrust-policy analysis. Part II (Chapters 9-16) analyzes the impacts of eight types of conduct covered by antitrust policy and various possible government responses to such conduct in terms of their economic efficiency, their impact on liberal moral rights, and their instantiation of various utilitarian and other egalitarian conceptions of the moral good. Part III (Chapters 17-18) provides detailed information on US antitrust law and EU competition law and compares the extent to which¿when correctly interpreted and applied¿these two bodies of law could increase economic efficiency, protect liberal moral rights, and instantiate various morally defensible conceptions of the moral good. This second volume contains the last 6 chapters of Part II, which focus respectively on horizontal (M&A)s, conglomerate (M&A)s, surrogates for vertical integration, vertical (M&A)s, joint ventures, and internal growth and Part III, which focuses on US antitrust law and EU competition law. The book will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students of economics and law who are interested in welfare economics, antitrust policy, and The General Theory of Second Best.

Based on the Judicial Transparency Index Assessment (2019 and 2020) conducted in China by the Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, this book summarizes and analyzes the current situation of judicial openness in China, using a sample of 218 courts across the country for the study. The book analyzes the ideological and institutional origins of judicial openness and examines the operation of judicial openness through the practical experience of role replacement. By analyzing evaluation data in the fields of audit information disclosure, trial information disclosure, judicial enforcement data disclosure, and judicial reform data disclosure, the book points out that the current judicial disclosure has made significant progress, but there are still problems such as unclear disclosure standards, insufficient rigidity in disclosure requirements, and the scope of disclosure still needs to be expanded. The book recommends accelerating the disclosure of judicial legislation, public standards, and strengthening assessment and accountability.

In dem vorliegenden Buch werden die Interessenkonflikte der betrieblichen und behördlichen Datenschutzbeauftragten analysiert. Im Mittelpunkt steht eine ausführliche praxisbezogene Analyse der möglichen Interessenkonflikte der Datenschutzbeauftragten. Es wird herausgearbeitet, wie sich diese Interessenkonflikte auf die Praxis der betrieblichen und behördlichen Datenschutzbeauftragten auswirken und welche Unterschiede sich bei einer internen oder externen Benennung des Datenschutzbeauftragten ergeben.Art. 38 Abs. 6 S. 1 DSGVO sieht ein Verbot der Zuweisung konfligierender Aufgaben vor ¿ die Möglichkeiten eines Interessenkonflikts des Datenschutzbeauftragten gehen jedoch weit über diese normierte Konfliktmöglichkeit hinaus. Konkret werden in der Arbeit Interessenkonflikte in Bezug auf die unabhängige Stellung, die Aufgaben, die Pflichten und die Rechtsbeziehungen des Datenschutzbeauftragten betrachtet. Bei der Analyse der Interessenkonflikte wird berücksichtigt, dass der Datenschutzbeauftragte zugleich dem Verantwortlichen, den Betroffenen, den Aufsichtsbehörden und dem Datenschutz als abstraktes Schutzgut verpflichtet ist. Schließlich wird in der Arbeit aufgezeigt, welchen Verbundenheiten sich der Datenschutzbeauftragte ausgesetzt sieht und welche Antworten des Rechts den Interessenkonflikten gegenüberstehen.

This book, one of the first of its kind, explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on modern Western democracies from a comparative constitutional law and policy perspective. Through 11 scholarly contributions, it tackles cutting-edge topics for the liberal state, such as emergency legislation, judicial scrutiny of COVID-19 measures, parliamentarism and executive decision-making during the pandemic. The book examines these topics both from a microscopic national constitutional angle, with a focus on European states, and from a macroscopic regional and comparative angle, on par with the American example. The COVID-19 pandemic is thus treated as an international state of emergency that has enabled far-reaching restrictions on essential human rights, such as freedom of movement, freedom of religion or even major political rights, while giving rise to the 'administrative state.'This edited volume explores each of these pressing themes in this exceptional context and evaluates different liberal states' responses to the pandemic. Were these responses reasonable, effective and democratic? Or is the COVID-19 pandemic just the beginning of a new era of global democratic backsliding? How can liberal democracies manage similar crises in future? What lessons have we learned? The institutional knowledge gained turns out to be the key for the future of the rule of law.

Este número. 173-174 de la Revista tiene el siguiente contenido: Artículos: Enrique URDANETA FONTIVEROS, Consideraciones sobre la exceptio non adimpleti contratus, pp. 9-32; José Ignacio HERNÁNDEZ G., La jurisdicción de la Corte Interamericana: de Derechos Humanos para conocer de violaciones de derechos humanos en Venezuela luego de 2013, pp. 33-46; Nelson RAMÍREZ TORRES, La recuperación del Esequibo pp. 47-96; Humberto BRICEÑO LEÓN, Corte Internacional de Justicia, El Esequibo. Tratado de Washington, Derecho Aplicable pp. 97-116; Allan R. BREWER-CARÍAS El proceso de codificación del procedimiento administrativo y la influencia de la Legislación Española en el régimen sobre la revocación y anulación de los actos, pp. 117-138; Mercedes Alicia CARRILLO ZAMORA, La impugnación internacional del laudo arbitral por fraude procesal: especial referencia a la reclamación venezolana sobre el territorio de la Guayana Esequiba, pp. 139- 160. comentarios Monográficos: Armando RODRÍGUEZ GARCÍA Administración y Derecho Administrativo en perspectivas de ayer y hoy, pp. 161-176; Marisol PEÑA TORRES, El estado de derecho en jaque en Chile: Una mirada previa al 11 de septiembre de 1973, pp. 177-185; William L. SCRUGGS Falacias del "Libro Azul" Británico en la cuestión venezolana (1896), pp. 186-203; Juan Domingo ALFONZO PARADISI y Juan Andrés MIRALLES QUINTERO Breves comentarios acerca de los acuerdos binacionales en materia comercial, de transporte y de protección de inversiones suscritos entre Venezuela y Colombia hasta mayo de 2023, pp. 204-212; Néstor Ángel TORREALBA SÁNCHEZ, Aproximación al estudio de la concesión de aprovechamiento de aguas en Venezuela, pp. 213-235; Julie T. GONZÁLEZ DE KANCE, Doña Barbara de Rómulo Gallegos. El autoritarismo, el fantasma que siempre nos acecha, pp. 236-252. Información Legislativa: Gabriel SIRA SANTANA Leyes, Decretos Normativos, Reglamentos y Resoluciones de efectos generales dictados durante el Primer Semestre de 2023, pp. 255-266; y Comentarios Legislativos por Alan E. VARGAS LIMA, Román J. DUQUE CORREDOR, Carlos Eduardo HERRERA M., Allan R. BREWER-CARÍAS, y Cosimina PELLEGRINO y Laura LOUZA C. Información Jurisprudencial: Mary RAMOS FERNÁNDEZ, Jurisprudencia Administrativa y Constitucional (Tribunal Supremo de Justicia y Cortes de lo Contencioso Administrativo): Primer Semestre de 2023, pp. 345-368, y Comentarios Jurisprudenciales por: Luis María DIEZ PICAZO, Román DUQUE CORREDOR, Emilio J. URBINA MENDOZA, Simón FERNÁNDEZ BRAVO, y Marizabel FERNÁNDEZ SUZZARINI, Abandono de criterio en caso de desacato al mandato de amparo constituciona, pp. 437-440. E Información Internacional: Víctor Rafael HERNÁNDEZ-MENDIBLE, Jurista Global, pp. 441-443.

¿This book examines whether Australiäs constitution should be reformed so as to enable the country to fulfil its obligations under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which it ratified in 2009. The book surveys the history of the constitutional status of Australiäs Indigenous peoples from the time of colonisation through to the current debate on ¿Indigenous constitutional recognition¿. However, it argues that the term ¿Indigenous constitutional recognition', implying that mere acknowledgement of the existence of Indigenous peoples is sufficient to meet their legitimate expectations, misrepresents the nature of the project the country needs to engage in. The book argues that Australia should instead embark upon a reform programme directed towards substantive, and not merely symbolic, constitutional change. It argues that only by the inclusion in the constitution of enforceable constitutional rights canthe power imbalance between Indigenous Australians and the rest of society be addressed. Taking a comparative approach and drawing upon the experience of other jurisdictions, the book proposes a comprehensive constitutional reform programme, and includes the text of constitutional amendments designed to achieve the realisation of the rights of Australiäs Indigenous peoples. It ends with a call to improve the standard of civics education so as to overcome voter apprehension towards constitutional change.

En este libro del profesor Román José Duque Corredor, que es uno de sus últimos aportes para el anhelado proceso de transición hacia la democracia que requiere Venezuela, teniendo el mismo entre sus propósitos, rescatar el sistema de libertades, las garantías constitucionales y los derechos humanos y la reinserción del Estado venezolano en los organismos internacionales de protección de los derechos humanos; insistió en la necesidad de investigar y reparar los daños causados por las violaciones de estos derechos, proponiendo los lineamientos políticos y legislativos para la restauración de su ejercicio a las víctimas. Este libro sobre la Justicia restitutiva en materia Agraria, tiene por objeto analizar dicho proceso de restitución y reparación que constituye la justicia restaurativa, y que como deber del Estado tiene su fundamento en los artículos 2º, 19, 22, 23, 27, 29 y 30 de la Constitución. Dentro del proceso de transición democrática tal cometido de la justicia restaurativa es un mandato constitucional incumplido por el Estado venezolano que ha de hacerse efectivo, como un componente de la reinstitucionalización del sistema de justicia propuesto por el Bloque Constitucional de Venezuela, que se considera determinante para el desarrollo integral del país, dentro del Estado democrático y social de derecho.