Medicinsk forskning

Drawing from the latest developments and approaches in Alzheimer's and dementia care, Forget Me Not has all the answers.

This book comprehensively summarizes the biology, etiology, and pathology of ovarian cancer and explores the role of deep molecular and cellular profiling in the advancement of precision medicine. The initial chapter discusses our current understanding of the origin, development, progression and tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. In turn, the book highlights the development of resistance, disease occurrence, and poor prognosis that are the hallmarks of ovarian cancer. The book then reviews the role of deep molecular and cellular profiling to overcome challenges that are associated with the treatment of ovarian cancer. It explores the use of genome-wide association analysis to identify genetic variants for the evaluation of ovarian carcinoma risk and prognostic prediction. Lastly, it highlights various diagnostic and prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers for the development of molecular-targeted therapy.

This book provides a concise update on current understanding of the biology of acute and chronic leukemias and other bone marrow neoplasms, including myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders, and explores new and emerging treatments. There is a particular focus on the molecular abnormalities that are drivers of leukemia and on their detection by modern molecular techniques. Knowledge of the ways in which genomic and metabolic abnormalities in the hematologic neoplasms affect prognosis and treatment decision making is reviewed. Detailed attention is devoted to targeted therapies, including novel drugs, and to potential targets for future drug development. In addition, readers find in-depth discussion of cellular and antibody-based immunotherapies as well as the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of leukemias and bone marrow malignancies. The book is of special interest for hematologists, oncologists, and cancer researchers; it is also of value for hematology trainees and medical students.

Nuclear receptors are ligand activated transcription factors that control numerous biological functions. Consequently, altering activity of these receptors is proposed, and indeed documented, to affect many physiological and pathological conditions in experimental animals and humans. Thus, nuclear receptors have become a major target in the effort to treat numerous diseases.This book will shed light on and emphasize intricate processes involved in designing as well as discovering physiological and pharmacological modulators of these important proteins. World-renowned scientists will share with the reader their professional expertise and extensive experience acquired through decades working with nuclear receptors. Chapters address the various means and consequences of modulating nuclear receptor activity will be presented and discussed. These modulators cover a wide span of moieties ranging from synthetic chemicals to natural products. In addition, the classification of these chemicals ranges from pan agonists to selective agonists and inverse agonists to antagonists. They also include proteolytic means to obliterate the receptor in the event that modulating its activity through canonical pharmacological agents becomes less effective and/or less desirable due to anticipated or experienced toxicities. Modulation of receptor activity may also take place in the absence of a ligand or through manipulating the structure of the receptor itself by controlling posttranslational events.

This book addresses the structural and biological properties of dental and peridental tissue structures and covers their mineralization process. The book contains a description of dentines, cementum, enamel and bone, including collagens, as well as non-collagenous proteins (SIBLINGs, SLRPs, GAGs, PGs, lipids, and MMPs).The mechanisms of mineralization are described in detail and the book is focused on matrix vesicles, collagen mineralization and the role of non-collagenous extracellular matrix components either as promoters or inhibitors of mineralization. In addition, the matrix components (non-collagenous) of enamel (amelogenin, ameloblastin, enamelin, MMP4, MMP20 and other proteases) are reviewed and their respective roles in dental tissues biomineralizations and tissue turnover are discussed. Additionally, environmental factors involved in enamel / dentin defects are adressed.With state-of-the-art contributions from experts in the respective domains, the book is a useful introduction to the field for junior scientists, interested in dental and peridental tissue biomineralization. It is also an interesting read for advanced scientists and clinicians working in dental research, giving them a broader view of the topic beyond their area of specialization.The series Biology of Extracellular Matrix is published in collaboration with the American Society for Matrix Biology.

Lung cancer has seen a paradigm shift in disease treatment over the past few years, with major changes in the therapeutic drugs now available as well as in the overall management approach.  For targeted and immunotherapeutic approaches, understanding the biology of acquired resistance is a key strategy that has yielded productive advances in the subsequent treatment.  Future advances also include incorporating biomarker data obtained from solid and liquid biopsies, as well as combination of immunotherapy with radiotherapy and in special populations such patients with CNS involvement.

A disease is defined as rare if the prevalence is fewer than 200,000 in the United States. It is estimated that there are more than 7,000 rare diseases, which collectively affect 30 million Americans. This diverse and complex disease area poses challenges for patients, caregivers, regulators, drug developers and other stakeholders.

This book explores the PhD experience as never before and provides a "e;survival guide"e; for current and prospective PhD students. The book investigates why mental health issues are so common among the postgraduate population, going beyond the statistics, looking at lived experience of both the author and as well as current PhD students, who have found balancing mental wellness with the PhD endeavour challenging.The author discusses tips and tricks she wished she had known at the start of her PhD process for managing mental health, such as managing imposter feelings, prioritising workload, and self-care strategies to help others throughout their own journey.The book goes beyond typical mental health discussions (where the focus for improving mental health is placed on PhD students to become "e;more resilient"e;) and explores some of the often unspoken environmental factors that can impact mental health. These include the PhD student-supervisor relationship, the pressure to publish, and deep systemic problems in academia, such as racism, bullying and harassment. Finally, the book is a call to action, providing tangible improvements from the author's perspective that university institutions can make to ensure that academia is a place for all to thrive.

This book provides an introduction to epidemiological research and statistical methods covering key concepts and all the main types of epidemiological study. It elicits a critical understanding of the purpose and context of quantitative research including the basis for selecting appropriate research designs from a thorough grounding in the uses and methods of epidemiology; key statistical concepts and techniques needed for the basic analysis of data; critical evaluation of statistical and epidemiological techniques in health research.The book has been designed around a number of core published information dealing with various topics from the United Kingdom, Europe and the low- and middle-income countries. These studies have been chosen to introduce you to a wide range of study methods. The main intriguing aspects of their design provide examples which are used to help you understand the fundamental principles of good research, and to practise these techniques yourself.The topics covered in this book include the following: scientific method and introductory concepts; routine data sources and descriptive epidemiology; surveys; cohort studies; case-control studies; and critical appraisal of research evidence.This book will be an invaluable resource for health professionals, researchers, statisticians, data scientists, health programmers, policymakers, medical students, graduate and postgraduate students in public health and related disciplines.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of malaria, a life-threatening disease affecting millions globally, with a focus on the parasitic organisms of the genus Plasmodium that cause it. It discusses the challenges posed by the disease, especially in economically developing regions, and delves into the biology and pathophysiology of the Plasmodium species, including their genetic flexibility and resistance to treatments. Special attention is given to P. falciparum, the most dangerous of these parasites, detailing its complex life cycle, interaction with human hosts, and the severe clinical manifestations it can induce. The book further explores the global health concern of antimalarial drug resistance, highlighting the WHO's efforts in combating the disease and the necessity for novel treatments. Innovative research directions, such as targeting the unique organelles of Plasmodium like the apicoplast and employing proteasome inhibitors, are thoroughly examined as potential strategies in the development of new antimalarial drugs. Additionally, it addresses the critical role of the hemoglobin digestion process in the parasite's lifecycle, presenting it as a promising target for therapeutic intervention. This work is an essential resource for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers involved in malaria control and drug development, providing insights into the current challenges and future directions in the fight against this endemic disease.

Preceded by: Laboratory animal anaesthesia / Paul Flecknell. Fourth edition. 2016.

Nutrition and exercise are the cornerstones of our health. But why actually? What exactly do weight training and endurance sports do? And how do certain foods influence our metabolism? How does sore muscles actually develop?The author, a chemist and doctor, explains in an understandable way how the body works and the influence of nutrition and exercise on our health. At the same time, he scientifically presents the correlations based on current studies, including intervention and long-term studies. He clearly describes the interactions of nutrition and exercise on body weight, metabolism, fatty tissue and hormones, the cardiovascular system, bone structure and the immune system. Each topic is clearly described on one page. A non-fiction book for all those who are interested in doing something for their health and want to know why.The 5th edition has been completely updated, adapted to the current state of knowledge and expanded to include the following topics: herbs and spices, endurance sports and hormone disorders in women, sports and painkillers, sustainable nutrition and plenty of exercise to combat climate change. Plus: glossary for looking up medical terms and extensive literature references on studies on nutrition, exercise and health.

This book provides detailed and updated knowledge about medically important ¿Big Four¿ venomous snakes of India (Indian spectacled cobra, Indian common krait, Indian Russell¿s viper, and Indian saw-scaled viper). This book essentially covers the snakebite problem in the world with particular reference to Asia and India. It discusses the evolution and systematics of venomous snakes, emphasizing ¿Big Four¿ venomous snakes of India; the evolution and composition of venoms determined by traditional biochemical and modern proteomic analyses. It also describes the pharmacological properties of enzymatic and non-enzymatic toxins of ¿Big Four¿ venomous snakes of India. Different chapters discuss exciting topics such as species-specific and geographical differences in venom composition and its impact on pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of snakebite envenomation in India, biomedical application of Indian snake venom toxins; production and quality assessment of commercial antivenom,prevention, and treatment of snakebite in India, adverse effects of antivenom including strategies to combat antivenom reactions inpatient.This book caters to toxinologists, pharmacologists, zoologists, antivenom manufacturers, biochemists, clinicians, evolutionary biologists, herpetologists, and informed non-specialists interested to know about the Indian snake venoms.

Much research has focused on the basic cellular and molecular biological aspects of stem cells. Much of this research has been fueled by their potential for use in regenerative medicine applications, which has in turn spurred growing numbers of translational and clinical studies. However, more work is needed if the potential is to be realized for improvement of the lives and well-being of patients with numerous diseases and conditions.This book series 'Cell Biology and Translational Medicine (CBTMED)' as part of SpringerNature's longstanding and very successful Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology book series, has the goal to accelerate advances by timely information exchange. Emerging areas of regenerative medicine and translational aspects of stem cells are covered in each volume. Outstanding researchers are recruited to highlight developments and remaining challenges in both the basic research and clinical arenas. This current book is the thirteenth volume of a continuing series.

*Association of American Publishers (AAP) PROSE Award Finalist in Biomedicine and Neuroscience, 2024* Neurostimulation for Epilepsy: Advances, Applications, and Opportunities comprehensively reviews the diverse array of neurostimulation technologies currently in use and in development for the treatment of epilepsy. The book covers basic mechanisms of neurostimulation, technical characteristics of approved and investigational neurostimulation devices, clinical applications and programming considerations of these devices, and progress toward next-generation device technology. Leading experts in the field provide a contemporary appraisal of neurostimulation in epilepsy, one that highlights recent advances, outlines unanswered questions, and proposes future directions. Neurostimulation for Epilepsy: Advances, Applications, and Opportunities will be of high interest to clinical, basic, and translational researchers seeking to understand leading-edge applications of neurostimulation in epilepsy and to clinicians managing patients with epilepsy who are treated with implanted and external neurostimulation devices. This book will also be of interest to trainees, to physicians in other areas of neurology where neurostimulation is employed, such as Pain and Movement Disorders, and to general medical practitioners, neurobiologists, and engineers.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) also known as sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations have been the focus of global attention. Most importantly, LGBT populations have been addressed in the context of human rights in multiple reports and other activities by the United Nations and other international organizations. There is great variation among countries in the recognition of LGBT individuals' human rights. A global focus on LGBT populations' health is still limited, with the notable exception of HIV research. This book on LGBT populations and cancer in the global context is, therefore, an important step in that it will broaden the focus on LGBT populations' health. Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death. Cancer morbidity and mortality are increasing disproportionately among populations in lower-income countries. A review conducted by the World Health Organization (WHO) found that of the 82% of member states (158) countries, only 35% of the national cancer control plans addresses vulnerable population, including LGBT populations. These findings reflect an increasing awareness about equity when addressing cancer prevention and control, including LGBT populations.This book addresses LGBT populations' cancer burden across countries that range from high- to low-income countries to support efforts in diverse countries that are working towards reducing LGBT populations' cancer burden. It documents place-specific challenges that impede progress towards reducing the LGBT cancer burden as well as critically assesses the variation in cancer control efforts that target LGBT populations and cancer to support progress at a global scale. This book includes six sections that cover the six WHO regions, with each chapter written by an author from the specific region s/he is covering. Each chapter makes use of a template that contextualizes the region, local data collection/availability, risk factors, cancer prevention, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship.