Medicinsk forskning

Mitochondrial Diseases, Volume 194 presents the most common clinical manifestations, providing an up-to-date summaries on the clinical presentations, diagnostic processes, genetic counseling and treatment options in mitochondrial diseases. Contents include specialist biochemical analyses and targeted molecular genetic testing, as well as first-line genome-wide sequencing to accelerate speed of diagnosis while avoiding time-consuming, expensive and invasive investigations. Establishing a genetic diagnosis allows patients with mitochondrial diseases to have reproductive options, all of which are covered within.This book is intended for neurologists to help them recognize and manage patients with mitochondrial diseases.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide, and in many parts of the western world, it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths.This book covers colon cancer metastasis from the most fundamental aspects to clinical practice. Major topics include physiopathology, genetic and epigenetic controls, cancer initiating cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, growth factors and signalling, cell adhesion, natures of liver metastasis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, inflammatory response, prognostic markers, sentinel node and staging, and finally diagnosis and treatment.Each chapter has been contributed by leaders in the field. A key feature is that it connects with a large readership including students, fundamentalists and clinicians. Another specific feature of the book is that the chapters are written in a didactic and illustrative fashion. These characteristics coupled with the choice of the topics and authors, makes this book a reference in the field. It represents an essential acquisition for medical libraries, clinicians as well as medical and graduate students.

This open-access textbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date guide for students and practitioners wishing to access in a single volume the key disciplines and principles of wheat breeding. Wheat is a cornerstone of food security: it is the most widely grown of any crop and provides 20% of all human calories and protein. The authorship of this book includes world class researchers and breeders whose expertise spans cutting-edge academic science all the way to impacts in farmers¿ fields. The book¿s themes and authors were selected to provide a didactic work that considers the background to wheat improvement, current mainstream breeding approaches, and translational research and avant garde technologies that enable new breakthroughs in science to impact productivity. While the volume provides an overview for professionals interested in wheat, many of the ideas and methods presented are equally relevant to small grain cereals and crop improvement in general. The book is affordable, and because it is open access, can be readily shared and translated -- in whole or in part -- to university classes, members of breeding teams (from directors to technicians), conference participants, extension agents and farmers. Given the challenges currently faced by academia, industry and national wheat programs to produce higher crop yields --- often with less inputs and under increasingly harsher climates -- this volume is a timely addition to their toolkit.

With the increasing emphasis on evidence-based practice, there is a need for all health and social care professionals to understand the principles of general and clinical research.In the United Kingdom and several other countries, this had led to a proliferation of advanced programs, including for those seeking doctorate degrees. In this book, the editors introduce readers to the principles and practice of clinical research.Eighteen chapters and three appendices provide guidance on the different stages of a research project, from inception to the dissemination of results. Topics include:¿ steps to engage in practice-based research;¿ ethical questions surrounding research;¿ sources of funding;¿ collecting and collating data.Contributing authors emphasize the need to critically appraise literature before carrying out a research project. They also explain the stages of a research project and share insights on where to go for more information.The book includes an index, a glossary, and charts and figures to promote learning. Discussion questions reinforce critical material.

The inside story of how Big Pharma's relentless pursuit of ever-higher profits corrupts medical knowledge?misleading doctors, misdirecting American health care, and harming our health.The United States spends an excess $1.5 trillion annually on health care compared to other wealthy countries?yet the amount of time that Americans live in good health ranks a lowly 68th in the world. At the heart of the problem is Big Pharma, which funds most clinical trials and therefore controls the research agenda, withholds the real data from those trials as corporate secrets, and shapes most of the information relied upon by health care professionals.In this no-holds-barred exposé, Dr. John Abramson?one of the foremost experts on the drug industry's deceptive tactics?combines patient stories with what he learned during many years of serving as an expert in national drug litigation to reveal the tangled web of financial interests at the heart of the dysfunction in our health-care system. For example, one of pharma's best-kept secrets is that the peer reviewers charged with ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the clinical trial reports published in medical journals do not even have access to complete data and must rely on manufacturer-influenced summaries. Likewise for the experts who write the clinical practice guidelines that define our standards of care.The result of years of research and privileged access to the inner workings of the U.S. medical-industrial complex, Sickening shines a light on the dark underbelly of American health care?and presents a path toward genuine reform.

This contributed volume applies the insights of supramolecular chemistry to biomedical applications such as ions/water transport through nano-scale channels, gene therapy, tissue engineering and drug delivery, to cite some of the major investigations.The challenge is to understand the mechanisms of transport through tissues particularly in the therapeutic treatment of a disease where the active drug must be delivered directly to diseased cells without affecting healthy cells. As a result, smaller quantities of active substances can be used to treat the disease. Another interest concerns new ways to administer gene therapy. If genes are often delivered to their target cells by adapted viruses, the supramolecular non-viral ¿vectors¿ using dynamic nano-frameworks and nano-structures are presented. In addition, it is important to reconstruct damaged tissues by mimicking natural processes in cells and polymers, such as tissue engineering and self-healing. Differentoptions are here discussed: e.g. hydrogels based on chitosan, a carbohydrate polymer, are proving especially promising for tissue engineering and drug delivery. For controlled delivery of drugs or other biologically active compounds, hydrogels sensitive to the most important stimuli in the human body, such as temperature, pH, ionic strength, glucose and biomolecules released by the organism in pathological conditions have been developed. Finally, to assist and validate the experimental studies, computer modelling and simulations of large-sized molecular structures and systems using different molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical techniques are developed based on the experimental and chemistry synthesis.This book is of great interest for graduate students, researchers and health professionals interested in acquiring a better understanding of the mechanisms of medical treatments. In addition, it provides numerous tools to develop better therapies for human diseases.

This book provides a comprehensive reference guide to plant-derived antioxidants, their beneficial effects, mechanisms of action, and role in disease prevention and improving general health (anti-ageing effect). The content is divided into three main parts, the first of which covers various antioxidants (such as polyphenols, carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, glutathione, ascorbic acid), their origins, plant biochemistry and industrial utilization. In turn, the book's second, main part focuses on antioxidants' beneficial health effects, explains biochemical fundamentals such as the free radical theory and oxidative stress, and discusses antioxidants' role in e.g. cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, degenerative diseases and ageing. The third part reviews general laboratory methods for antioxidant screening, preservation and determination.   Written by an international team of experts, this highly interdisciplinary book will benefit a broad range of health professionals and researchers working in biochemistry, biotechnology, nutrition, plant science and food chemistry. It offers an indispensable, up-to-date guide for anyone interested in antioxidants and the role of a plant-based diet in disease prevention and control

Homeopathic Medical Practice: A Systematic Treatise On Diseases Of The Brain And Eye (1877) is a comprehensive guide to the use of homeopathic medicine in the treatment of neurological and ophthalmological disorders. Written by Charles Porter Hart, a prominent homeopathic physician of the 19th century, the book provides a detailed overview of the principles and practices of homeopathy, as well as a thorough examination of the various diseases and conditions that affect the brain and eye. The text includes detailed descriptions of symptoms, diagnostic techniques, and treatment options, as well as case studies and practical advice for homeopathic practitioners. The book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history and practice of homeopathy, as well as for healthcare professionals seeking alternative approaches to the treatment of neurological and ophthalmological disorders.For The Use Of General Practitioners And Students.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

The vagus nerve is one of the most important, yet most under-appreciated structures of the human body. It is the tenth cranial nerve innervating many of the visceral structures of the human body. It has been called the "wandering? nerve, given its ubiquitous and meandering course throughout the body. The major branch of the parasympathetic nervous system, it optimizes the body's state of rest, relaxation and recovery and is necessary to optimize health. It is a counterbalance to the sympathetic nervous system, which regulates the body's fight or flight response. Containing over 160,000 fibers, it has both afferent and efferent branches, providing information to the brain on the status of the body's organs. The brain then sends signals back down the vagus nerve to optimize bodily functions. Vagus nerve stimulation is a new frontier in medicine, tapping into the body's intrinsic capability to optimize an organ's function, control systemic inflammation and modify diseases without drugs. The use of non-implanted vagus nerve stimulators has made it possible to move neuromodulation up the treatment continuum, and has facilitated access for clinical evaluation and treatment. Scientists now have the ability to translate the basic science into clinical practice without the need for surgical intervention. Vagus Nerve Stimulation serves as a compendium of current knowledge about stimulating the vagus nerve in many different disease states. Chapters include applications to neurologic conditions, psychiatric conditions, inflammatory conditions, metabolic disease, reperfusion injuries, long covid, cardiac disease and even optimizing performance in healthy individuals.

This extensive book brings together leading melanoma researchers from across the world and highlights many of the cutting-edge protocols and experimental systems currently being used to investigate questions surrounding this disease. The volume opens with sections on 2D and 3D cell culture-based approaches for studying melanoma biology, and continues with collections of chapters examining various approaches for detecting, isolating, and characterizing circulating melanoma cells, circulating tumor DNA, and exosomes, as well as experimental procedures for studying and detecting melanoma metastasis in both pre-clinical and clinical settings, bioinformatics-based approaches, protocols for quantifying and characterizing immune cell infiltrates in both melanoma tumors and tertiary lymphoid structures, and development and evaluation of therapeutic strategies for melanoma treatment. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, Melanoma: Methods and Protocols aims to serve basic research scientists and clinicians who bring questions from the clinic into the lab in order to translate observations in the laboratory into improved patient care for this highly malignant form of cancer.Chapter 14 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume describes important methods, protocols, and techniques used for studying urinary biomarkers. Chapters detail different alterations use to studied different types of cancers and physiological conditions. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Urinary Biomarkers: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

Precision medicine holds great promise for the treatment of cancer and represents a unique opportunity for accelerated development and application of novel and repurposed therapeutic approaches. Current studies and clinical trials demonstrate the benefits of genomic profiling for patients whose cancer is driven by specific, targetable alterations. However, precision oncologists continue to be challenged by the widespread heterogeneity of cancer genomes and drug responses in designing personalized treatments. Chapters provide a comprehensive overview of the computational approaches, methods, and tools that enable precision oncology, as well as related biological concepts. Covered topics include genome sequencing, the architecture of a precision oncology workflow, and introduces cutting-edge research topics in the field of precision oncology. This book is intended for computational biologists, bioinformaticians, biostatisticians and computational pathologists working in precision oncology and related fields, including cancer genomics, systems biology, and immuno-oncology.

This new edition explores and provides an update on the biology and pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus infection. Modern techniques that are currently being utilized to investigate the molecular aspects of viral infection, as well as how these new research studies are leading to new approaches to mitigate disease, are also provided. Given the key role the virus plays in significant acute and chronic human disease in all stages of life, from newborns to seniors, the need for clear methodologies to further explore the biology of HCMV infection and mitigation strategies is readily apparent. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Human Cytomegaloviruses: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal scientific reference for basic and clinical scientists and medical personnel on the modern understanding of the pathobiology of the virus, and the approaches, techniques, and models to study human cytomegalovirus infection and disease.

This book collects protocols from different areas of knowledge to assist in the identification of toxic effects exerted by different xenobiotics. At the same time as classical techniques are presented, modern techniques with alternative models to the use of animals are also presented. Given the ever-increasing exposure to different compounds and their effects on population health, the assessment of multiple endpoints is of utmost importance for better risk assessment, and this collection addresses that need. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Toxicity Assessment: Methods and Protocols aims to serve researchers in this vast field of science as they seek to better understand the mechanisms of action of different xenobiotics.

Par-4 is a tumor suppressor protein first discovered and identified in 1993 by Dr. Vivek Rangnekar's laboratory in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis.  Par-4 (later also known as PAWR) is a naturally occurring tumor suppressor. Studies have indicated that Par-4 selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells while leaving normal, healthy, cells unaffected. Mechanisms contributing to the cancer-selective action of Par-4 have been associated with protein kinase A activation of intracellular Par-4 in cancer cells or GRP78 expression primarily on the surface of cancer cells. Par-4 is downregulated, inactivated or mutated in diverse cancers. This first of two volumes will be the first on the market on the topic of Par-4, and will provide the opportunity for researchers to discuss the future direction of studies, broaden the scope of research, and contribute a more complete understanding of the molecule's structural features, key functional domains, regulation and relevant basic and clinical/translational facets.

This new volume, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, explores potential beneficial drug substances derived from nature. It presents the general principles, characteristics, evaluation techniques, and applications involved in drug molecules from natural sources, such as plants and marine life.

Intended to be a single source of information, this book covers a wide range of topics on the changing landscape of drug R&D, emerging applications of big data, AI and machine learning in drug development, and the build of robust data science organizations to drive biopharmaceutical digital transformations.