Medicinsk forskning

This book highlights recent research investigating psychological and neural mechanisms contributing to dysfunctional cognition in people with schizophrenia. The work on cognition in schizophrenia from the past 20 years is highlighted, and emphasis throughout the book is placed on utilizing the Research Domain Criterion framework. Thus, the book also covers animals work relevant to schizophrenia that assesses behaviors utilizing the same framework, enabling mechanistic studies and highlighting potential biomarkers of function. The book also includes important areas of research in the field of cognitive function in schizophrenia that have received less attention, such as cognitive side-effects of current treatments and olfactory-based cognition. Altogether, the book provides a translational perspective of the most-up-to-date research on cognition in schizophrenia to-date, but with identification of novel directions for research initiatives..

Organoid Technology for Disease Modelling and Personalised Treatment provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge of the organoid as a human-organ-in-a-dish, a powerful new technology for studying fundamental aspects of human organ development and disease progression in the search for drugs for personalised treatment. This preclinical tool is extensively being utilised as a model for studying human diseases in a dish, which is critical for accurate predictive modelling in precision medicine. The chapters in this book introduces readers to the numerous applications of organoids in various fields of study, as well as ethical considerations associated with organoids. In stem cell biology and regenerative medicine, where chimaera research, biomaterials for tissue vascularisation, gene-editing technologies, and their use in clinical procedures especially issues related to ethical concern over the use of human organoids have gotten much attention. Organoid Technology for Disease Modelling and Personalised Treatment is an excellent resource for in-depth research on one of the most interesting and significant topics in stem cell and regenerative medicine. This book's chapter collection covers a fresh viewpoint on organoid technology that scholars will require reading.

This book addresses current topics on pathogenic Vibrio spp. from a comprehensive and holistic perspective. Here, experts in the field provide timely chapters, ranging from genomics, pathogen emergence, and epidemiology to pathogenesis, virulence regulation and host colonization. Questions addressed include: How does climate change affect the spread of these bacteria? What is the status of current vaccines? Are there novel therapeutic options to treat Vibrio infections? Is there likelihood of emergence of new pathogenic strains or species? Can insights from mathematical models and epidemiology lead to prediction of pathogen outbreaks?Recent decades have seen a steady increase in Vibrio spp. infections originating in aquatic and marine habitats, driven by higher human population densities, warming of polluted oceans, natural and human-made disasters, and mass seafood production. These conditions increase the likelihood of pathogenic Vibrio spp. coming into contact with humans, making their study even more timely and relevant as these problems escalate over time. This book is a valuable resource for health management professionals, experienced microbiologists/ microbial ecologists, and early career scientists alike who want to learn more about these important environmental human pathogens. The ideas and technologies presented in this book for preventing, controlling, and monitoring Vibrio spp. infections contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good Health and Well-Being.

The book Coronavirus Therapeutics Volume I provides the most comprehensive review on contemporary knowledge on the origin and structural biology and molecular aspects of Coronaviruses. This also describes the etiology and pathogeny and therapeutic targets including vaccine drug candidates against Coronaviruses in the light of current scientific knowledge. Using an integrative approach to the understanding of Coronaviruses structure, function and immunobiology, the contributors provide a synopsis of novel mechanisms by which Coronaviruses can be treated.Key basic and clinical research laboratories from major universities, academic medical hospitals, biotechnology and pharmaceutical laboratories around the world have contributed articles that review present research activity on the role of heat shock proteins in human diseases and importantly project the field into the future. The book is a must read for graduate students. medical students, basic science researchers and postdoctoral scholars in the fields of Cancer Biology, Oncology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Microbiology, Inflammation, Translational Medicine, Clinical Research, Biotechnology, Cell & Molecular Medicine, Pharmaceutical Scientists and Researchers involved in Drug Discovery.

This volume reviews the broad topic of welfare in nonhuman primates under human care. Chapters detail the history of primates in captivity, ethical and legal issues surrounding the use of nonhuman primates as entertainment or in research, the different approaches that welfare are measured, and how housing, enrichment, and other conditions can foster or degrade welfare.Since humans began keeping nonhuman primates we have made vast strides in understanding their cognitive abilities, strong social bonds, vibrant personalities, and their capacity for joy and suffering. With an increasing number of countries banning the use of great apes in biomedical research, the welfare of primates in zoos and research facilities has gained increasing attention. This interdisciplinary work features contributors from many of the fields involved and those on both sides of the issue, thus providing an exhaustive overview of primate welfare.Readers from animal welfare science, primatology, animal testing, veterinary medicine, conservation to ethics and legislation will find this an important account.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in a wide range of biomaterials for the development of smart and advanced functional materials. It discusses the fundamentals of bio-interfacial interactions and the surface engineering of emerging biomaterials like metals and alloys, polymers, ceramics, and composites/nanocomposites. In turn, the book addresses the latest techniques and approaches to engineering material surfaces/interfaces in, e.g., implants, tissue engineering, drug delivery, antifouling, and dentistry. Lastly, it summarizes various challenges in the design and development of novel biomaterials. Given its scope, it offers a valuable source of information for students, academics, physicians and particularly researchers from diverse disciplines such as material science and engineering, polymer engineering, biotechnology, bioengineering, chemistry, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, and biomedical engineering for various commercial and scientific applications.

King Charles has entertained a long-standing love affair with alternative medicine. This book describes his passion as it developed during the last 40 years. The King's beliefs, opinions, and ambitions are critically assessed against the background of the scientific evidence. In most instances, the contrast could not be starker.

This second edition volume expands on the previous edition with updates about the latest state-of-the-art techniques used in leading hemostasis and thrombosis laboratories for diagnosis and exclusion of hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases. The chapters in this book are organized into seven parts. Part One provides a general overview on hemostasis and thrombosis, preanalytical issues in testing, and routine hemostasis assays. Part Two covers laboratory testing for thrombophilia, including reviews for activated protein C resistance, protein C, lupus anticoagulant testing, and antiphospholipid antibodies. Part Three addresses monitoring continuous anticoagulant infusions and measuring the effects of oral anti-thrombotic therapy. Part Four talks about heparin induced thrombocytopenia and vaccine induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Part Five and Six cover ADAMTS13 activity testing and new information on bleeding disorders such as chromogenic factor VIII assays, measurement of emicizumab, and treatment of hemophilia A and B. Finally, Part Seven discusses global assays, research applications, and postanalytical considerations. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers struggling to identify the appropriate methods for hemostasis and thrombosis testing, or who seek additional expert guidance on such testing.

This third edition provides updated and new chapters on recent innovations in basic renal research. Chapters are divided into three sections covering in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models of kidney disease, recent advances in imaging techniques and protocols for performing analytical and functional measurements in the kidney; techniques that are both topical and of widespread relevance to the study of kidney biology and disease. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Kidney Research: Experimental Protocols, Third Edition aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers in the field.

This volume presents a broad collection of state-of-the-art methods to study the biology of thermogenic fat using in vitro cell culture and animal models. Chapters guide the readers through protocols on differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells and murine adipocyte precursors; methods for measuring mitochondrial respiration, heat generation, brown fat activation, and effects on energy metabolism in mice; and techniques for AAV-mediated gene delivery, transplantation of adipose tissue, isolation of adipose tissue immune cells and extracellular vesicles, and mass spectrometry-based profiling of brown fat lipids. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge,Thermogenic Fat: Methods and Protocols aims to be comprehensive guide for researchers in the field.

This book focuses on the principles, methods, and interpretation involved in establishing the safety, risk, and hazard assessment of small molecules. It presents the regulatory requirements for risk and hazard identification as per the guidelines of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, and the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use ICH and Schedule 'Y', India. It serves as reference material for undergraduate and postgraduate pharmacy degree students as well as senior researchers to learn about the principles, methods, and interpretations of systemic dosage (acute and repeated dose) and genotoxicity (in vitro and in vivo), special toxicological investigations such as reproductive and developmental toxicology, carcinogenicity, and toxicokinetics using animal models or in vitro methods, as applicable. This book is the first of its kind in providing information on the principles and methods of implementation of Good Laboratory Practice based on the guidelines of OECD. It includes detailed chapters about the regulatory requirements and guidelines in pharmaceutical products and agrochemicals. It also describes the infrastructure needed for preclinical studies, including in vivo and in vitro facilities.

Structural Biology of Amyloid Fibrils is a comprehensive reference on the structure of protein aggregates in different neurodegenerative diseases and their molecular bases. Chapters describe these structures in detail, highlighting their similarities and differences across different disease states, alongside an unprecedented overview of current developments and new hypotheses emerging in amyloid fibril structure, stability and mechanisms of formation. This volume also discusses how amyloid structure may affect the ability of fibrils to spread to different sites in a prion-like manner, as well as their role in disease. Featuring chapters on NMR, X-ray crystallography, and Cryo-EM methods, and discussing the structure of amyloid fibrils obtained directly from patients, the book allows readers to understand how polymorphism is associated with disease phenotype and how fibril structure affects and influences the cellular environment. Understanding the molecular architecture of amyloid fibrils and oligomers will be an important step towards developing therapeutic interventions based on targeting the fibrils and oligomers themselves, or the processes that generate them.

A straightforward and personal guide to managingand organizing small and large research groupsMANAGING SCIENCE: A Practical Guide aims to contribute specific advice and lived experience to all leaders of research projects. The book touches on the most important steps in the research process, and it covers, among other things, how to develop the best ideas, generate hypotheses, apply for funding, hire the most competent employees, and publish successful articles. In addition, the book presents different approaches to leadership and organising both small and large research groups.In this book, writer and researcher Torben F. Ørntoft has interviewed 18 successful professorsand research leaders from Denmark, England, Finland, and Sweden who have contributed their input on the structure and management of the ideal research group. Additionally, Ørntoft has drawn on his own experience as a leader of a large Danish research group.Torben F. Ørntoft, M.D.-Ph.D. (born 1953) is specialised in clinical biochemistry. From 1996-2017, he was chief physician and head of department at Aarhus University Hospital, first for The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, and then for The Department of Molecular Medicine. He became a Professor of Molecular Medicine at Aarhus University in 1999.

HÅNDBOG I FORSKNINGSLEDELSE sigter efter at bidrage med konkrete råd og levet erfaring til alle ledere af forskningsprojekter. Bogen berører de vigtigste trin i forskningsprocessen og kommer blandt andet ind på idéudvikling, generering af hypoteser, fondsansøgningsprocessen, ansættelse af medarbejdere, organisering af små og store forskergrupper, ledelsesstil og publicering af artikler.Forfatter og forsker Torben F. Ørntoft har i denne bog interviewet 18 succesfulde professorer og forskningsledere både fra Danmark, England, Sverige og Finland, som er kommet med deres indspark til opbygningen og ledelsen af den ideelle forskergruppe. Ørntoft har ligeledes trukket på sin egen erfaring som leder af en stor forskergruppe.Torben F. Ørntoft (f. 1953) er læge og dr.med. Han er speciallæge i klinisk biokemi og var i årene 1996-2017 ledende overlæge på Aarhus Universitetshospital, først for Klinisk Biokemisk Afdeling og senere for Molekylær Medicinsk Afdeling. I 1999 blev han professor ved Aarhus Universitet i molekylær medicin.

This textbook is designed for students of biology, molecular biology, ecology,medicine, agriculture, forestry and other professions where the knowledge of organic chemistry plays an important role. The work may also be of interest to non-professionals, as well as to teachers in high schools. The book consists of 13 chapters that cover the essentials of organic chemistry, including - basic principles of structure and constitution of organic compounds, - the elements of the nomenclature, - the concepts of the nature of chemical bond, - introductions in NMR and IR spectroscopy, - the concepts and main classes of the organic reaction mechanisms, - reactions and properties of common classes or organic compounds, - and the introduction to the chemistry of the natural organic products followed by basic principles of the reactions in living cells. This second edition includes revisions and suggestions made by the readers of the first edition and the author's colleagues. In addition, it includes substantial changes compared to the first edition. The chapter on Cycloaddition has been completed by including the other pericyclic reactions (sigmatropic rearrangements, electrocyclic reactions). The chapter on Organic Natural Products has been extended to include new section covering the principles of organic synthesis. New chapter "Organic Supramolecular and Supermolecular Structures" is added. This chapter covers the basic knowledge about the molecular recognition, supramolecular structures, and the mechanisms of the enzyme catalyzed reactions.

Vi kender næsten alle sammen en, der har eller har haft kræft, men forstår vi egentlig sygdommen? Mange opfatter kræft som en moderne sygdom, som man kan undgå ved at leve sundt. Men kræft er mere end en livsstilssygdom. Man kan spore den 240 mio. år tilbage i tiden – længe før de første mennesker. Og faktisk skyldes kun 4 ud af 10 kræfttilfælde den enkeltes livsstil og miljø. De resterende tilfælde opstår på grund af indre årsager i kroppen, som vi ikke har indflydelse på. Tag med læge og kræftforsker Maren Weischer på en tankevækkende rejse ind i kroppens allerinderste, og find ud af, hvad kræft er, og hvorfor vi får det. Via opsigtsvækkende fortællinger fra dyreriget og forskningsverdenen punkterer hun myterne om, hvordan man kan forebygge kræft, og gør det klart, hvordan man rent faktisk øger chancen for et liv uden kræft. Udgivelsen er en storskrift-udgave til svagsynede i serien MAGNUMBØGER Lindhardt og Ringhof.

How Big Pharma failed to end a pandemic, and what it tells us about the global economy

The book Function-oriented bioengineered skin equivalents - continuous development towards complete skin replication aims to provide potential readers with a comprehensive summary of the available information on various in vitro skin models, from historical background to different modeling approaches and their applications. Particular emphasis is placed on presenting the current technological components available for the development of engineered skin equivalents by summarizing advances in cell cultivation, materials science, and bioengineering. Using examples of the current-state-of-art, we describe the advantages, limitations, and challenges of developing in vitro skin models for successful use in clinical applications and skin-related research.

This concise, easy-to-read pocket guide offers medical trainees, researchers, and clinicians at every level the perfect resource on Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). Based on the author¿s many years of experience teaching EBM to medical students and medical residents at Columbia University, this handy title addresses not only all the basic concepts and issues in EBM, but also takes an example-based approach and is replete with numerous illustrations. This brief book provides readers with all the tools needed to tell the good from the bad in healthcare research. It discusses every type of study design, from the assessment of diagnostic tests to clinical trials and meta-analysis. The work also introduces readers to novel methods, such as the Bayesian analysis of clinical trials. In addition, to help readers better retain the information, the guide includes thought-provoking review questions and answers in an appendix. In all, Pocket Evidence-Based Medicine: A Survival Guide for Clinicians and Students is an ideal resource for anyone who encounters statistics in their studies or career, including clinicians, researchers, trainees in medicine and graduate students in a wide range of other disciplines

This book reviews the science and technology of food packaging and covers the potential innovations in the food packaging sector. At the same time, it highlights the issues and prospects for linking the laboratory research to the market. In addition to typical packaging requirements such as food quality, shelf life, protection, communication, and marketing, the book emphasizes the need for novel packaging materials, including biodegradable packaging for a variety of food products. A wide range of food products has been kept in focus and includes animal-based food products such as dairy products and sea foods.The book presents the next level of packaging solutions i.e., smart packaging with the applications of potential tools such as intelligent and active packaging, and includes the latest research on emerging digital technologies for packaging development, assessment, and acceptability. It further highlights the strategies including blends, reinforcing agents, cold plasma, UV light applications, chemical, and enzymatic methods and explores the new opportunities leading to improvement in the packaging performance. Smart freshness indicator applications, including gas and time-temperature indicators for quality and safety of packaged products, have been covered in detail. The book also includes the functional characteristics of edible films and coatings, including their bioactive characteristics. Finally the book presents the rules and regulation related to packaging.

Clinical and preclinical exploration of gene and cellular immunotherapy have seen rapid growth and interest with the development and approval of five Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) products for lymphoma and myeloma and one Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These advances have dramatically improved the management of patients with relapsed refractory lymphoma, myeloma and leukemia. Gene and Cellular Immunotherapy for Cancer offers readers a comprehensive review of current cellular and gene-based immunotherapies. Divided into eighteen cohesive chapters, this book provides an in-depth and detailed look into cellular-based immunotherapies including CAR-T, TCR-T, TIL, Viral CTLs, NK cells in addition to T/NK cell engagers, focusing on their historical perspectives, biology, development and manufacturing, toxicities and more.  Edited by two leading experts on gene and cellular immunotherapy, the book will feature chapters written by a diverse collection of recognized and up-and-coming experts and researchers in the field, providing oncologists, immunologists, researchers and clinical and basic science trainees with a bench to bedside view of the latest developments in the field.

This volume details methods and protocols covering multiple aspects of Medulloblastoma. Divided into four parts, chapters guide readers through nucleic acids detection and analysis, cell-based analysis methodologies, and applications of patient-information on designing better experimental strategies for future drug development efforts in Medulloblastoma. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Medulloblastoma: Methods and Protocols aims to deliver a clear-cut and standardized set of protocols to a broad scientific community.