Oftalmologi

This book provides an overview of the research surrounding the relevance of visual factors for those who struggle with reading. Visual interventions that have been advocated as helping with reading include spectacles that simply correct refractive errors (e.g., long-sightedness), coloured overlays (sheets placed on the page) and coloured lenses, vision therapy, and computer games. This book explains the rationale behind these interventions and discusses the evidence supporting them. Clear advice is given in plain English to those wondering if these interventions will be helpful.Vision, Reading Difficulties, and Visual Stress, 2nd Edition draws together disparate research findings in a range of neurological disorders where vision is compromised by cortical hyperexcitability. Optometrists, orthoptists, ophthalmologists, educational psychologists, teachers, and vision scientists will find this book to be an interesting resource as well as students in these disciplines and parents of children who struggle with reading.

This book provides a comprehensive approach to the specialty of cataract surgery. Chapters are authored by an international group of experts who evaluate technology, recommend surgical technique, and review the management of both anticipated and unexpected complications. With more than 30 chapters, everyday challenges such as the white, mature, and uveitic cataract are included while the most difficult cases like the loose lens, posterior polar, aniridic, and the traumatic cataract are covered in detail. The editors have also included topics like IOL repositioning and exchange.Cataract Surgery: Advanced Techniques for Complex and Complicated Cases offers the reader an encyclopedic collection of invaluable lessons that will help both the surgeon who is early in his career as well as the veteran cataract surgeon.

This fourth volume in the series Advances in Vision Research describes importance advancements in basics to translational research, including new therapeutics for genetic eye diseases. Recent US FDA approval of the first gene therapy for an inherited retinal disease, due to a mutation in the RPE65 gene, has led to an upsurge in translational eye research. The coverage in this volume includes corneal diseases, myopia, cataract, glaucoma, inherited retinal diseases, inherited optic neuropathy, and other genetic eye diseases. New developments such as the application of artificial intelligence in translational eye research are also discussed. All chapters are written by leading researchers working on eye genetics from the fields of Human Genetics, Ophthalmology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Sensory Sciences, and Clinical Research. Advances in Vision Research, Volume IV will be a major resource for all researchers, clinicians, clinical researchers, andallied eye health professionals with an interest in eye diseases around the globe. The first two volumes in the series described the state of the art in genetic eye research in Asia and the Pacific while the third focused on progress in Europe and the United States.

This book highlights the great achievements made in order to overcome challenging situations with different flanging techniques. Liliana Werner will discuss the different causes of IOL luxation. Shin Yamane, Sergio Canabrava, Gabor Scharioth and Ehud Assia will describe their disruptive techniques for scleral IOL fixation.Even though it is impossible to describe and discuss the plethora of surgical techniques, implants and instruments completely, we also tried to create a systematic approach for decision making and give an overview on instrumentation.As flanging techniques represent a very demanding surgery, the aim of this book is to steepen the learning curve and to encourage surgeons to add the presented techniques to their surgical armamentarium.

This book contains the proceedings of the XVIII International Symposium on Retinal Degeneration (RD2018). A majority of those who spoke and presented posters at the meeting contributed to this volume. The blinding diseases of inherited retinal degenerations have no treatments, and age-related macular degeneration has no cures, despite the fact that it is an epidemic among the elderly, with 1 in 3-4 affected by the age of 70. The RD Symposium focused on the exciting new developments aimed at understanding these diseases and providing therapies for them. Since most major scientists in the field of retinal degenerations attend the biennial RD Symposia, they are known by most as the ¿best¿ and ¿most important¿ meetings in the field.The volume presents representative state-of-the-art research in almost all areas of retinal degenerations, ranging from cytopathologic, physiologic, diagnostic and clinical aspects; animal models; mechanisms of cell death; candidate genes, cloning, mapping and other aspects of molecular genetics; and developing potential therapeutic measures such as gene therapy and neuroprotective agents for potential pharmaceutical therapy. While advances in these areas of retinal degenerations were described, there will be many new topics that either are in their infancy or did not exist at the time of the last RD Symposium. These include the role of inflammation and immunity, as well as other basic mechanisms, in age-related macular degeneration, several new aspects of gene therapy, and revolutionary new imaging and functional testing that will have a huge impact on the diagnosis and following the course of retinal degenerations, as well as to provide new quantitative endpoints for clinical trials. The retina is an approachable part of the central nervous system (CNS), and there is a major interest in neuroprotective and gene therapy for CNS diseases and neurodegenerations, in general. It should be noted that withsuccessful and exciting initial clinical trials in neuroprotective and gene therapy, including the restoration of sight in blind children, the retinal degeneration therapies are leading the way towards new therapeutic measures for neurodegenerations of the CNS. Many of the successes recently reported in these areas of retinal degeneration sprang from collaborations established at previous RD Symposia, and many of those were reported at the RD2016 meeting and included in the current volume. We anticipate the excitement of those working in the field and those afflicted with retinal degenerations is reflected in the volume.

As we age, we all become increasingly susceptible to seeing a recurring parade of spots or streaks appear before our eyes. If your vision is affected by this problem, chances are you've been told that you will just need to learn to live with it--but it doesn't have to be this way. In Healing Floaters and Detachments Naturally, authors Dr. Marc Grossman and Michael Edson tell you what you can do to regain a clearer view of the world around you--one free of those annoying little objects that drift in and out of your field of vision. This book is divided into four parts. Parts One and Two discuss floaters and detachments, respectively, explaining their risk factors and possible treatments, which may include both conventional methods and complementary approaches such as supplementation, lifestyle changes, and traditional Chinese medicine. Part Three then details the common drugs that can lead to floaters and detachments, while Part Four describes the importance of a proper diet in relation to alleviating and avoiding these troublesome issues. If you are among those people who have been told to learn to accept these visual nuisances as an unavoidable part of life, Healing Floaters and Detachments Naturally can help you to put these distractions out of sight--and out of mind.

As we enter the quantum era, new research on applying the rules of quantum physics to biology, which was previously considered impossible, has revolutionized our understanding and our concept of molecular and atomic particles behavior and their interactions. This book is the first comprehensive review of the quantum biology of the visual system. Chapters discuss the relevance of quantum physics to the biological systems, especially in the visual system. The main purpose of this book is to simplify quantum biology concepts relevant to physiology of human eye and to help the reader understand the essentials of this new emerging, complex and anti-intuitive field of science. It offers a contemporary view of the emerging interplay between the biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology, and molecular and atomic particle quantum characteristics such as vibration, spin etc.Quantum Biology of the Eye is an essential resource for Ophthalmologists, physicians, residents, fellows, all fields of visual science and medical students in ophthalmology, and other converging fields of science such as visual optics biochemists, psychology etc.

Ocular surface diseases in children have not always been well understood and the literature in this age group is limited. The consequences of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis include visually significant scarring and amblyopia, thus with real impact on their quality of life and ultimate visual potential. Recently, there has been an increase in clinical and research focus on these diseases, contributing to a growing awareness of their importance to pediatric visual health. This book is the first comprehensive volume dedicated to pediatric ocular surface diseases. It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated discussion of the pathophysiology, symptomatology and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of these less commonly understood diseases, in a format that is readily absorbed by trainees and seasoned physicians alike. The aim of this book is to provide a practical and detailed understanding of ocular surface disease in the pediatric population,as many of these corneal conditions in children require unique therapeutic approaches and may have subtle presentations. Chapters will address key issues, such as dry eye disease, Steven Johnson Syndrome and neurotrophic keratitis, that can have a profound impact on children¿s visual and social development. Pediatric Ocular Surface Disease is a must-have resource for pediatric ophthalmology fellows, cornea fellows, pediatric ophthalmologists, and cornea specialists.

Fundamentals of Pediatric Neuro-Ophthalmology is the first case-based textbook dedicated to pediatric neuro-ophthalmology. Fundamentals is a must-have resource for ophthalmologists, neurologists, emergency medicine physicians, and pediatricians who are seeking a practical guide for the diagnosis and management of pediatric neuro-ophthalmologic disease. With contributions from experts in the Consortium of Pediatric Neuro-ophthalmologists, the text is an important educational reference for trainees and established physicians alike. Key Features· Fifty-two real-world clinical cases that examine presenting symptoms and signs, differential diagnosis, approach to evaluation, treatment considerations, visual outcomes, and novel insights into disease management· Broad coverage of important topics in pediatric neuro-ophthalmology including Congenital optic nerve anomaliesOptic disc edemaOptic nerve tumorsOptic atrophyStrabismusDisorders of the extraocular musclesNystagmusOther abnormal eye movementsPupillary disordersNeuro-ophthalmologic manifestations in neurologic and systemic diseasesHigher order visual processing disorders · Video library of important clinical signs of neuro-ophthalmologic disease· Discussion of decision making and interpretation of ancillary testing by experts in the field of pediatric neuro-ophthalmology Easy to follow format that will serve as a concise, practical guide with clinical pearls and references for further reading

This book describes digital ophthalmology and telemedicine applications for both front of the eye and retina. It includes technical issues, digital imaging, what clinical parameters to use, which technologies are suitable, and collective experiences of practitioners in different parts of the world practicing a wide range of digital eye care delivery. The main purpose of this book is to provide adequate information to clinicians and other health professionals who are involved in eye care delivery to assess how digital health in ophthalmology might be applied to their working practice, how digital screenings are performed, and to learn about virtual image reading. Many of the chapters are also helpful to health service managers, imaging specialists, and information technology staff.Digital Eye Care and Teleophthalmology: A Practical Guide to Applications examines digital eye care to provide state of art ophthalmic services. It is an essential resource for professionals involved in eye care seeking to develop or improve their digital applications in daily practice.

This book provides practical information on how to approach pediatric retinal diseases especially with respect to surgical indications and decisions as well as tips and key points for surgical techniques. Clear and concise chapters highlight pearls, pitfalls and related basic knowledge elements which are supported by video clips to provide a unique reference.Pediatric Vitreoretinal Surgery is an essential guide for ophthalmologists, ophthalmology residents, vitreoretinal fellows and practicing vitreoretinal surgeons seeking a key resource to support their daily practice for pediatric retinal diseases.Questions and answers via app: Download the Springer Nature Flashcards app free of charge to test your knowledge on pediatric vitreoretinal surgery.

This book discusses the new era of modern retinal laser therapy and its clinical applications. While the photocoagulation era universally presupposed the therapeutic necessity of laser-induced retinal damage, the modern retinal laser therapy is equally opposed to this idea. The evidence for this sea-change in the understanding of retinal laser is well presented within this book, and the conceptual and clinical consequences are discussed with particular emphasis on the emergence of retinal laser therapy as the first reasonable preventive and restorative intervention for the most important retinal disorders. Finally, the future of modern retinal laser therapy is highlighted with respect to coming technological advances, remaining challenges, and the place of retinal laser in the management of retinal disease. This book is an essential resource for all ophthalmic residents and clinicians seeking a clear and concise guide to modern retinal laser therapy in their everyday practice.

In this volume, the reader will find a wide range of extended review chapters from international experts in the field of eye disease, interesting discussions from the field about frequently forgotten diseases, and original research chapters with interesting new ideas about the future of ophthalmology.

The third edition of this successful book has been fully revised, expanded and updated to reflect the recent advances in vertigo and dizziness, especially with regard to current classifications and clinical trials. The book starts by covering the fundamentals of anatomy and physiology of the vestibular and the ocular motor systems. It provides guidance on how to take the patient history, laboratory and imaging analysis and principles of therapy exploring different therapeutic strategies. It then goes on to cover in detail the diagnosis and current treatment of peripheral, central and functional vestibular disorders as well as miscellaneous rare vestibular syndromes.Using a uniform chapter style to address the various diseases and adopting a reader-friendly educational format, this is an indispensable guide for clinicians who treat patients with vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders. Hundreds of patient videos are included for the diseases demonstrating typical patient histories and clinical findings. Chapters have also been expanded to discuss the current classification and therapies as well as new and ongoing clinical trials with ample new figures.Written by three top experts in the field, this book is aimed at a broad range of medical specialists, namely neurologists, ENT specialists, neuro-otologists, ophthalmologists, physiotherapists, general practitioners as well as residents and students. Via app: download the SN More Media app for free, scan a link with play button and access videos directly on your smartphone or tablet.

There are several sources of serious confusion in the investigations of how bees and humans see grey and black. First, von Frisch trained bees to go to a coloured paper, and then tested whether they could distinguish that colour from a palette of 15 shades of grey placed together on a test board. Unfortunately, he used papers made from wood pulp, which do not reflect ultraviolet, so the UV receptors were excluded. Secondly,16 years later it was shown that bees require a 25% difference in brightness to discriminate grey levels, so his test was uncertain. Thirdly, bees are dichromats, and detect only green contrast and the fraction of light that stimulates the blue receptors. The most interesting confusion is that grey photons do not exist, but that does not affect bees because they are functional dichromats and treat grey like any other colour. No problem. The UV receptors in the compound eyes of the bee are used to detect the direction of the sky to stabilize flight and escape upwards when disturbed. The bee is a sexless herbivore, which may account for its relatively simple retina. Additional colour types of receptor have been found by recording from eyes of some flies, butterflies and dragonflies, presumably for unique recognition of the other sex or prey. However, this is one-purpose vision which does not require much processing or large brain. Full colour vision requires at least three colour types of receptors and a large visual cortex, as in primates.Human vision is more difficult to understand in this context. Black is entirely a hallucination because there are no black photons. White is detected normally with three receptor types acting together, but the brightest objects in sight also look white even though they are green or red, maybe as a calibration. The edges of shiny objects also look white although clearly they are not. Grey is hallucinated as various levels of black where there is white but insufficient illumination to see it as white.These topics are discussed in historical context. However, some who work on the vision of the bee still believe that bees have full colour vision, and many believe that their dog or cat sees only black and white, so called achromatic vision. However, like the bee, they all evolved in world where green predominated, and many things of interest were less blue (e.g., yellow) or more blue than green (e.g., blue), so most mammals evolved as dichromats, without UV or red receptors.

Sometimes it seems only a nurse can bring technical information down to an understanding that an ordinary person can grasp. The Nurse Florence® book series provides high quality medical information that even a child can grasp. By introducing young kids to correct terminology and science concepts at an early age, we can help increase our children's health literacy level as well as help to prepare them for courses and jobs in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math. We need more scientists so I hope that many children will enjoy this book series and consider a job involving science.Introducing Some Medical Words to Kids in Every BookInside text has 1.5 line spacing and font sizes are up to 40.The four included Nurse Florence books are:How Do We See Things?What is a Traumatic Brain Injury?What is a Kidney Infection?Can I Get Lyme Disease from a Tick Bite?

Every cataract surgeon is afraid of complications, but while complications cannot be entirely avoided, it is possible to learn to master them. This practical book clearly explains how to manage the various complications that may arise during cataract surgery, from a subluxated intraocular lens to a dropped nucleus. It provides the surgeon with clear instructions on how best to proceed in the manner of a cookbook, by first describing the ingredients (equipment), preparation (planning) and then providing step-by-step descriptions of technique with the aid of numerous helpful color illustrations.Complications During and After Cataract Surgery: From Phacoemulsification over Secondary IOL Implantation to Dropped Nucleus, 2nd Edition includes fully revised chapters outlining technical developments and new chapters on trocar surgery from pars plana and surgical management of a dropped nucleus with a cataract machine. Readers wishing to learn techniques for managing a full range of potential complications will find this book to be an essential resource.

This detailed volume provides various cellular and experimental animal models and research methodologies to understand the complex interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by hyperglycemia that underlie the development of diabetic retinopathy. The book covers methods for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, detection and screening of biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy, as well as novel technologies for diabetic retinopathy management. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Diabetic Retinopathy: Methods and Protocols serves as an invaluable resource for scientists and clinicians who are interested in the area of ophthalmology research.

This book is a comprehensive source of authoritative information on the subject of ocular and adnexal lymphoma. It is a completely updated edition of its predecessor and is a conjoint effort of ocular oncologists, general oncologists, and pathologists. The book features contributions from around the world to ensure broad coverage of an evolving topic. Chapters cover all aspects of ocular lymphomas, including clinical features, classification, epidemiology, diagnostic evaluation, biopsy techniques, histology and molecular pathology, staging procedures, and treatment methods. The emphasis throughout is on easy readability, and the layout ensures rapid retrieval of information. The book offers a clear distinction of what has been updated in the years since the first edition published, including entirely rewritten or revamped chapters. In order to convey fundamental concepts, numerous tables, clinical photographs, histopathologic microphotographs, and imaging studies (fluorescein and indocyanine angiograms, ultrasonograms, CT scans, and MR images) are included.Ocular and Adnexal Lymphoma strives to cover new developments and innovations in ocular and adnexal lymphoma, providing the clinician with a review and summary of recent research and its implications for clinical practice and explaining how research results impact diagnostics, treatment options and procedures as well as patient management.

The book offers comprehensive coverage on novel manifestations of known infections, novel infections with documented ophthalmic involvement, and the growing issue of resistance among certain infections. Filling a much-needed gap in current literary offerings, chapters approach ophthalmic manifestations of infectious disease from a novel perspective. Each chapter is co-written by an ophthalmologist and an infectious disease specialist to provide multidisciplinary insight. This unique analysis of infectious disease enhances the ability of ophthalmologists and infectious disease specialists to identify the manifold manifestations of both common and rare infections in the eye. Chapters begin with a general introduction, and each contain an Infectious Disease section, along with an Ophthalmology section. The book covers infections such as viral retinitis, fungal infections, syphilis, tuberculosis, vector-borne illnesses, and delve into rarer conditions such as unusual post-operative infections.Concise and practical, Emerging Ocular Infection will be of use to ID specialists, and ophthalmologists alike.

This atlas describes an array of tumors and diseases that affect the orbit and associated cranial nerves. Often lacking in radiology residency and fellowship training is teaching of the anatomy of the orbit and cranial nerves, as well as the imaging appearance of orbital tumors and diseases that affect these regions. This atlas fills this gap of knowledge with tumors and diseases encountered and treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center, providing a review of the imaging anatomy and the appearance of the tumors and diseases that should aid in formatting a differential diagnosis. The text consists of ten chapters divided into separate anatomic sections followed by an eleventh chapter describing the treated orbit and tumor recurrence. Each of the first ten chapters begins with a description of the relevant anatomy, labeled CT and MRI images and drawings to highlight important anatomic considerations. This is an ideal guide for practicing general radiologists, neuroradiologists and trainees, as well as ophthalmologists, head and neck surgeons, neurosurgeons, medical and radiation oncologists, and pathologists who interpret or review orbital images as part of their daily practice.