Biomedicinsk teknik

Wie funktioniert Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) und gibt es Parallelen zum menschlichen Gehirn? Was sind die Gemeinsamkeiten von natürlicher und künstlicher Intelligenz, und was die Unterschiede? Ist das Gehirn nichts anderes als ein biologischer Computer? Was sind Neuronale Netze und wie kann der Begriff Deep Learning einfach erklärt werden?Seit der kognitiven Revolution Mitte des letzten Jahrhunderts sind KI und Hirnforschung eng miteinander verflochten. Im Bereich der KI gab es in den letzten Jahren mehrere spektakuläre Durchbrüche, von alphaGo über DALL-E 2 bis ChatGPT, die so bis vor kurzem noch völlig undenkbar waren. Doch schon heute arbeiten Forscher an den Innovationen von morgen, wie hybrides maschinelles Lernen oder neuro-symbolische KI. Aber was verbirgt sich dahinter überhaupt?Anhand aktueller Forschungsergebnisse und spannender Beispiele aus der Praxis bietet dieses Sachbuch einen verständlichen Einstieg in die Grundlagen und Herausforderungen dieser faszinierenden Disziplinen. Sie erfahren, was Neurowissenschaft und Psychologie über die Funktionsweise des Gehirns wissen und wie Künstliche Intelligenz arbeitet. Lernen Sie zudem, wie KI unser Verständnis des Gehirns revolutioniert hat und wie Erkenntnisse aus der Hirnforschung umgekehrt in der Informatik eingesetzt werden, um KI-Algorithmen weiterzuentwickeln. Entdecken Sie die faszinierende Welt dieser beiden Disziplinen. Erfahren Sie, warum Künstliche Intelligenz und Hirnforschung zwei Seiten einer Medaille sind und wie sie unsere Zukunft prägen werden.

X-ray computed tomography (CT) has been one of the most popular diagnostic imaging modalities for decades in the clinic for saving patients' life or improving their quality of life. This book is an introductory "one-stop shop" for technological and clinical topics in multi-detector Computed Tomography (MDCT).

This collection discusses various micro/nanodevice design and fabrication for single-biomolecules detection. It will be an ideal reference text for graduate students and professionals in diverse subject areas including materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and nanoscience.This book-Discusses techniques of single-biomolecule detection, their advantages, limitations, and applications.Covers comprehensively several electrochemical detection techniques.Provides single-molecule separation, sensing, imaging, sequencing, and analysis in detail.Examines different types of cantilever-based biomolecule sensing, and its limitations.Single Biomolecule Detection and Analysis covers single-biomolecule detection and characterization using micro/nanotechnologies and micro/nanofluidic devices, electrical and magnetic detection technologies, microscopy and spectroscopy techniques, single biomolecule optical, and nanopore devices. The text covers key important biosensors-based detection, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy-based detection, electrochemical detection, metabolic engineering of animal cells, single-molecule intracellular delivery and tracking, terahertz spectroscopy-based detection, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIFR) detection, and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) detection. The text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in diverse subject areas including materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and nanoscience. Discussing chemical process, physical process, separation, sensing, imaging, sequencing, and analysis of single-molecule detection, this text will be useful for graduate students and professionals in diverse subject areas including materials science, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, and nanoscience. It covers microscopy and spectroscopy techniques for single-biomolecule detection, analysis, and their biomedical engineering applications.

This book explains the theory and application of the technologies used in sensors for the measurement of linear and angular/rotary position, providing information important to sensor design, and how they function. A chapter on sensor outputs and communication protocols is included and is applicable to all types of industrial sensors.

The microneedle field has been expanding exponentially with innovative designs and various applications, thus capturing the interest of academic industry and regulatory sectors.Microneedles: The Future of Drug Delivery equips readers with a comprehensive understanding of microneedles: from percutaneous absorption to microneedles production, characterization, applications in drug delivery and diagnosis, to practical perspectives on the development, manufacturing, regulatory issues, and commercialization of microneedles. This book is written by a single author and thus provides complex information in a simple, elegant, and cohesive style.The book is intended for graduate students, researchers, scientists, and engineers working in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmeceutical, and biotechnology industry.

Highly luminescent quantum dots combined with magnetic nanoparticles or ions form an exciting class of new materials for bioimaging. The book explores leading research in the fabrication, characterization, properties, and application of magnetic quantum dots in bioimaging.

With the emergence of additive manufacturing, mass customization of biomaterials for complex tissue regeneration and targeted drug delivery applications is possible. This book emphasizes the fundamental concepts of biomaterials science, their structure-property relationships and processing methods, and biological responses in biomedical engineering. It focuses on recent advancements in biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, cancer treatments, bioimaging, and theranostics.This book:Discusses design chemistry, modification, and processing of biomaterialsDescribes the efficacy of biomaterials at various scales for biological response and drug deliveryDemonstrates technological advances from conventional to additive manufacturingCovers future of biofabrication and customized medical devicesThis volume serves as a go-to reference on functional biomaterials and is ideal for multi-disciplinary communities such as students and research professionals in materials science, biomedical engineering, healthcare, and medical fields.

This title covers computer vision and machine learning (ML) advances that facilitate automation in diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventative healthcare. The book shows the development of algorithms and architectures for healthcare.

Electromagnetic Ergonomics is designed to have a positive influence on public health and worker safety in the work environment and brings broad benefits, in particular with respect to research planning and the interpretation of the results.

Textile-based compression therapy is used in a range of applications, such as for athlete and sport recovery, enhanced proprioception, compression spacesuits, and in the management of chronic diseases. This book provides an overview of compression devices and products, testing methods to measure the properties of materials used in compression devices, and design considerations based on dynamic body measurements. It also includes a model for predicting pressure and details the challenges in applying compression for various applications.Chapters in this book:Discuss the science behind compression therapyDelve into the materials used in compression devices and products and assesses their performance based on their properties and structureCover theoretical modeling to predict the pressure exerted by compression devices on the human bodyConsider compression textile design based on dynamic body measurementsThis book is aimed at professionals and researchers in textile engineering, materials engineering, biotechnology, and the development of textile-based compression devices and products, and at such medical practitioners as phlebologists.

Compression Textiles for Medical, Sports, and Allied Applications provides an overview of compression devices and products. It includes testing methods to measure properties of materials, design considerations based on dynamic body measurements and a model for predicting pressure and challenges in application.

The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the situation regarding the biodegradable polymer along the value chain, identify and analyse existing practices for biodegradable plastics, assess the relevant legal, regulatory, economic and practical reasons for the importance of proper use and proper recycling of biodegradable plastics.

This book explores the advancements and future challenges in biomedical application developments using breakthrough technologies like AI, IoT, and Signal Processing. It will also contribute to biosensors, MEMS, and related research.

This book comprises a collection of papers presented at the International Workshop on New Approaches for Multidimensional Signal Processing (NAMSP 2021), held at Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria, during 08-10 July 2021. The book covers research papers in the field of N-dimensional multicomponent image processing, multidimensional image representation and super-resolution, 3D image processing and reconstruction, MD computer vision systems, multidimensional multimedia systems, neural networks for MD image processing, data-based MD image retrieval and knowledge data mining, watermarking, hiding and encryption of MD images, MD image processing in robot systems, tensor-based data processing, 3D and multi-view visualization, forensic analysis systems for MD images and many more.

This book presents a both detailed and comprehensive look at metal¿organic frameworks (MOFs), a relatively new class of materials with a broad application potential. The beginning chapters focus on introducing the requisite fundamental knowledge of MOFs with respect to their classification, synthesis, functionalization approaches, and various other physiochemical facets such as structural morphology and coordination chemistry. The remaining chapters cover an array of diverse applications, from areas such as energy storage and environmental remediation, to drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering.Featuring chapters dedicated to the design of novel MOF structures, as well as theoretical calculations via density functional theory and machine learning techniques, this book targets a wide readership of both academic and industrial researchers interested in an in-depth understanding of the latest MOF structure¿function relationships, as well as their deployment in a wide variety of coordinated engineering applications.

This book contains extensive data about tandem wing aircraft. It includes a review of modern flying vehicles with four fixed wings, a review of analytical, numerical and experimental methods; results of the studies about aerodynamics; dependencies between geometrical parameters and aerodynamic characteristics, practical recommendations in development and optimizing of tandem wing aircraft to provide high lift-to-drag ratio, stability, and controllability. This is an ideal book for graduate students, researchers, and engineers working in fields of aerodynamics and conceptual design of the aircraft especially UAVs, ground-effect vehicles, and convertiplanes.

This book develops and details a rigorous, canonical modeling approach for analyzing spatio-temporal brain wave dynamics. The nonlinear, nonstationary behavior of brain wave measures and general uncertainty associated with the brain makes it difficult to apply modern system identification techniques to such systems. While there is a substantial amount of literature on the use of stationary analyses for brain waves, relatively less work has considered real-time estimation and imaging of brain waves from noninvasive measurements. This book addresses the issue of modeling and imaging brain waves and biomarkers generally, treating the nonlinear and nonstationary dynamics in near real-time. Using a modal state-space formulation leads to intuitive, physically significant models which are used for analysis and diagnosis.A Modal Approach to the Space-Time Dynamics of Cognitive Biomarkers provides a much-needed reference for practicing researchers in biomarker modeling leveraging the lens of engineering dynamics.

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are being increasingly used in healthcare, and especially in patient education. Although these two technologies are very similar, virtual reality engages users by transposing their virtual avatars into an artificial environment for users to interact with, while augmented reality engages users in the real environment by overlaying virtual elements in the real world.VR is already transforming medical education. VR offers distinct benefits for learners, faculty and the health system. It is helping to free learning from the classroom, allowing learners to apply their knowledge to practise and learn from mistakes. It focuses on improving competencies and places the emphasis on autonomous, blended learning, which is expected from the learners of today.Healthcare and medical staff can use virtual environments to train in everything from surgical procedures to diagnosing a patient. VR training curriculums were created in order to allow both training and practising surgeons to a safer operating room experience for their patients. VR can be incorporated into a surgeon's preoperative planning, utilised in unison with artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, to help virtually map a procedure.VR is being incorporated into occupational therapy to help stroke patients recover. VR-based rehabilitation is a proven tool that creates specific scenarios for patients, allowing them to have targeted treatments for their particular recovery level and deficits.Off-shelf virtual reality technology using simple headsets has promise for the prevention and treatment of health conditions, particularly in psychological care. For mental health issues such as dementia, depression and stress management, this technology provides an effective and better solution which enhances patient and creates a positive effect to save the life of the patient.Virtual patients are seen as cost-effective since virtual patients are limiting the effort and expense associated with standardised patient training and can be delivered at low-cost over the internet. There is potential for virtual healthcare to address inequalities in healthcare. It can bridge the gap for marginalised and vulnerable populations living in remote settings by increasing healthcare access for children and families who may otherwise face significant barriers in having their health needs met. The main challenges of developing virtual patents are legal and technical.With augmented reality (AR), there is no created scenario; instead, an actual event is being altered in real-time, which has significantly enhanced robotic surgery. AR can work in parallel with a telemanipulation system in order to optimise the visual field of the operating surgeon. AR is currently being utilised to overlay key anatomic landmarks during live surgery to optimise patient safety.This book presents an account of virtual reality and augmented reality and their impact on the healthcare and medical ecosystem in the context of low-, middle- and high-income countries. The book concludes by providing future perspectives and critical reflections on VR and AR in healthcare and medicine. It also highlights the new computational medical extended reality (XR) concept, which unifies the computer science applications of intelligent reality, medical virtual reality, medical augmented reality and spatial computing for medical training, planning and navigation content creation.The book will be invaluable to healthcare and global health professionals, health managers and programmers, health systems leaders, researchers, lecturers in faculties of health sciences, medical students, students in public health and related fields, healthcare organisations, and policymakers.

This book provides an overview of the use of nanoparticles, carbon-nanotubes, liposomes, and nanopatterned flat surfaces for specific biomedical applications. This book explains the chemical and physical properties of the surface of these materials that allow their use in diagnosis, biosensing and bioimaging devices, drug delivery systems, and bone substitute implants. The toxicology of these particles is also discussed in the light of a new field referred to as nanotoxicology in this book. This book will be useful for engineers, researchers and industry professionals primarily in the fields of polymer science and engineering, materials science, surface science, nanocatalysis, biotechnology and biomedicine.

This book provides a comprehensive technical and scientific overview of the surface modification of titanium dental implants. Coverage ranges from basic concepts of surface modification to advanced micro- and nanoengineering strategies employed to achieve augmented bioactivity to meet the needs of compromised patient conditions. A special focus of the book is advanced state-of-the-art electrochemically anodized nanostructures fabricated on implants towards enhanced bioactivity and local therapy. Surface Modification of Titanium Dental Implants will keep you current in the domain of titanium dental implants and will provide an improved understanding of their performance and application. The book will benefit engineers, clinicians, and researchers in biomaterials, biomedical engineering, dental and bone implants, nanoengineering, and technology.

This book provides caregivers and administrators with high-quality support for strategic decision making in the selection and use of medical devices so as to ensure value optimization. Medical treatment is increasingly complex, with wide application of medical devices and corresponding involvement of physics and engineering. A multidisciplinary methodology that brings together expertise from key disciplines in a holistic, system-oriented approach is essential in controlling this complexity and further improving health care. This book will help readers to understand the design, validation, and application of medical devices and the standards and regulations that apply to them across the world. In addition, it provides technical, operational, and economic perspectives on their use. The relevance of concepts such as expenditure optimization and sustainability to medical device technology is explained and healthcare reimbursement systems are discussed from different points of view. Readers will gain a clear appreciation of the managerial and economic implications of the use of medical devices and how to get the most out of them. Academic research, industrial experiences, and case studies are presented as appropriate.

This contributed volume is dedicated towards the progress achieved within the last years in all areas of Cell Culture Engineering and Technology. It comprises contributions of active researchers in the field of cell culture development for the production of recombinant proteins, cell line development, cell therapy and gene therapy, with consideration of media development, process scale-up, reactor design, monitoring and control and model-assisted strategies for process design. The knowledge and expertise of the authors cover disciplines like cell biology, engineering, biotechnology and biomedical sciences. This book is conceived for graduate students, postdoctoral fellows and researchers interested in the latest developments in Cell Engineering.