Kolonialisme og imperialisme

This book represents the first systematic study of the certification of lunacy in the British Empire. Considering a variety of legal, archival, and published sources, it traces the origins and dissemination of a peculiar method for determining mental unsoundness defined as the ¿Victorian system¿. Shaped by the dynamics surrounding the clandestine committal of wealthy Londoners in private madhouses, this system featured three distinctive tenets: standardized forms, independent medical examinations, and written facts of insanity. Despite their complexity, Victorian certificates achieved a remarkable success. Not only did they survive in the UK for more than a century, but they also served as a model for the development of mental health laws around the world. By the start of the Second World War, more than seventy colonial and non-colonial jurisdictions adopted the Victorian formula for making lunacy official with some countries still relying on it to this very day. Using case studies from Europe, the Americas, and the Pacific, this book charts the temporal and geographical trajectory of an imperial technology used to determine a person¿s destiny. Shifting the focus from metropolitan policies to colonial dynamics, and from macro developments to micro histories, it explores the perspectives of families, doctors, and public officials as they began to deal with the delicate business of certification. This book will be of interest to scholars working on mental health policy, the history of medicine, disability studies, and the British Empire.

An antiracist theory of cleaning.In Making the World Clean: Wasted Lives, Wasted Environment, and Racial Capitalism, Françoise Vergès examines the racial and gendered politics of wasting lands, bodies, and resources and the organized deprivation of clean water, shelter, and access to health services—in other words, the structural denial, along racial lines, of vital needs. Through 38 short sections, she looks at the social relations that have made cleaning into drudgery and into a racialized, gendered, poorly paid job that is nevertheless necessary for any society to function. She concludes with the proposition of a feminist, decolonial, antiracist, anti-patriarchal, and anti-capitalist politics of cleaning. Or, simply put, of “decolonial cleaning.”To Vergès, the structural denial of the elemental needs of women of color (sanitary pads, access to water, and privacy for basic washing), and why these needs are considered insignificant and trivial, shows how racism and class war are gendered. By examining the banal, the trivial, and the elemental, the author addresses cleaning as a necessity rather than the maintenance of a consumerist lifestyle, a condition of basic care of the body and the mind that is considered with indifference by racial capitalism, white environmentalism, and even, too often, by humanitarian organizations. She argues that by building “life-affirming institutions,” as Ruth Wilson Gilmore advocates, struggles against the whitening of cleaning create sites of freedom. “Decolonial cleaning” imagines cleaning as taking care of land, humans, plants, animals, and rivers, not seeking to discipline them or transform them into commodities or objects of conservation but cleaning as a practice dedicated to sustaining the living world.

This study explores tropes concerned with the Middle Ages in Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet Russia, seeking to explain why an often romanticized medieval past remains potent in Russian politics, society, and culture today.

"Anna Brinkman uses in-depth analysis of cases brought before the Court of Prize appeal during the Seven Years' War to show how neutrality and the negotiation of rights became critical to maritime warfare and how Britain worked to shape maritime international law to its strategic advantage"--

This book explores the relationship between "the roles of the Black ¿organic intellectual¿ and the PoC academic scholar, and outlines how important partnerships are emerging from these sometimes-contrasting decolonial praxes. By blending the decolonial processes of Indigenous rights via a liberation Psychology lens, Brazilian critical race scholarship and UK African diasporic collective consciousness via intersectional critical race studies, the authors provide a clear theoretical framework to show how a decolonised multi-layered community epistemology can be produced by the community for the community that in praxis form, can be employed for the fight for social justice within those communities.

This book shows how the police functioned in the cities of the Napoleonic Empire. Shifting attention away from political repression, it focuses on the men who embodied this institution and made it work day-to-day. Based on extensive archival research, the book shows how the Napoleonic police were indeed an instrument of power, but also a profession and a service to the public. Traditionally associated with the image of Joseph Fouche and with political surveillance, the Napoleonic police, when studied from the local level, thus reveals itself to be much more complex and oriented simultaneously towards both the preservation of the regime and maintaining good urban order.

In this small book, Paul Le Blanc tries to 'make sense of the Russian invasion of Ukraine'. His starting point is for a victory for Ukrainian self-determination and opposition to imperialism in all its forms.

This book focuses on the rise of Kurdish nationalism in northwestern Iran in the context of the emergence of the Kurdish leader, Ismail Agha Simko, who organized a movement to establish a Kurdish state between 1918 and 1922 The rise of Simko is analyzed in the historical framework of the collapse of the Russian and Ottoman empires, as well as the disappearance of Iranian governmental authority in various provinces of the country during and after the end of the First World War. The book also investigates the impact of Iranian, Turkish, and Assyrian nationalisms on Simko and his movement. Drawing upon original documents, the author provides an in-depth analysis of the political, and socio-economic causes for the rise of proto-Kurdish nationalism in northwestern Iran during and after the Great War.

These Letters End in Tears er en hjerteskærende historie om forbudt kærlighed mellem en kristen pige med et oprørsk hjerte, og en muslimsk pige, der lever et dobbeltliv. Historien finder sted i Cameroun, hvor det er strafbart ved lov at være homoseksuel.Bessem bemærker Fatima for første gang på fodboldbanen - muskuløs og koncentreret, hun er den eneste kvinde, på banen og hun virker fuldstændig tryg. Da Fatima jagter en vildfaren bold i hendes retning, fryser Bessem, fascineret af den atletiske piges charme og skønhed. Et legende blink fra Fatima, og Bessem ved, at hendes liv aldrig bliver det samme.I Cameroun, er oddsene mod Bessem og Fatima fra starten. Og da Fatimas ældre bror, som er udøvende muslim, opdager deres affære, griber han ind ved at overfalde dem fysisk, udenfor den eneste bar, der tolererer homoseksuelle, i byen, for derefter at aflevere dem begge på politistationen. Efter at have tilbragt dage i fængsel forsvinder Fatima sporløst, og Bessem står alene tilbage med kun vage rygter om, hvor hun er.Er Fatima blevet idømt en fængselsstraf? Er hun blevet forvist fra sit samfund eller giftet bort, som nogle har foreslået? Eller noget endnu mere uhyggeligt?

Subaltern theory emerged as a small voice within academia decades ago. Over time, this work generated significant debate and numerous publications, talks, and conferences. However, little has changed in the experienced lives of the masses. This led people to wonder: ¿the subalterns seem to have a voice, but can they take action?¿; or, in other words, is there subaltern practice?This collection of essays and poems, written with a broad audience in mind, hopes to demonstrate not just how the subaltern can identify and question hegemonic practices, but how they can create alternative frameworks and material that enable themselves and their communities. In doing so, this book aims to demonstrate not just how deep the colonial poisons run, but also how to detoxify ourselves and the environment around us.The writings included in this book study the inequalities that we experience in and around us and suggest actions and practices that can help us regain harmony. It is a callfor action and a sharing of ideas that can enable us to regain balance and fulfil our human responsibilities.

¿This book explores the role of caravan transport and human porterage in the colony of German East Africa (present-day mainland Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi). With caravan mobility being of pivotal importance to colonial rule during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the exploration of vernacular transport and its governance during this period sheds new light on the trajectories of colonial statehood. The author addresses key questions such as the African resilience to colonial interventions, the issue of labor recruitment, and the volatility of colonial infrastructure. This book unveils a fundamental contradiction in the way that German administrators dealt with precolonial modes of transport in East Africa. While colonizers championed for the abolishment of caravan transport, they strongly depended on porters in the absence of pack animals or railways. To bring this contradiction to the fore, the author studies the shifting role of caravans in East Africa during the era of ¿high imperialism.¿ Uncovering the extent to which porters and caravan entrepreneurs challenged and shaped colonial policymaking, this book provides an insightful read for historians studying German Empire and African history, as well as those interested in the history of transport and infrastructure.

This volume comprises a series of lectures delivered by the author on the topic of colonial administration in the Far East. Drawing on his extensive knowledge of the region, Ireland provides insightful analyses of the different approaches to governance adopted by the colonial powers in the various territories under their control. Readers interested in colonial history, political theory, or comparative government will find this book a valuable resource.This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it.This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

In Good Wife, Wise Mother, female education and citizenship serve as a lens through which to examine Taiwan's uniqueness as a colonial crossroads between Chinese and Japanese ideas and practices. A latecomer to the age of imperialism, Japan used modernization efforts in Taiwan to cast itself as a benevolent force among its colonial subjects and imperial competitors. In contrast to most European colonies, where only elites received an education, in Taiwan Japan built elementary schools intended for the entire population, including girls. In 1897 it developed a program known as "Good Wife, Wise Mother" that sought to transform Han Taiwanese girls into modern Japanese female citizens. Drawing on Japanese and Chinese newspapers, textbooks, oral interviews, and fiction, Fang Yu Hu illustrates how this seemingly progressive project advanced a particular Japanese vision of modernity, womanhood, and citizenship, to which the colonized Han Taiwanese people responded with varying degrees of collaboration, resistance, adaptation, and adoption. Hu also assesses the program's impact on Taiwan's class structure, male-female interactions, and political identity both during and after the end of Japanese occupation in 1945. Good Wife, Wise Mother expands the study of Taiwanese history by contributing important gendered and nonelite perspectives. It will be of interest to any historian concerned with questions of modernity, hybridity, and colonial nostalgia.

Colonial ambitions spawned imperial attitudes, theories, and practices that remain entrenched within botany and across the life sciences. Banu Subramaniam draws on fields as disparate as queer studies, Indigenous studies, and the biological sciences to explore the labyrinthine history of how colonialism transformed rich and complex plant worlds into biological knowledge. Botany of Empire demonstrates how botany¿s foundational theories and practices were shaped and fortified in the aid of colonial rule and its extractive ambitions. We see how colonizers obliterated plant time¿s deep history to create a reductionist system that imposed a Latin-based naming system, drew on the imagined sex lives of European elites to explain plant sexuality, and discussed foreign plants like foreign humans. Subramanian then pivots to imagining a more inclusive and capacious field of botany untethered and decentered from its origins in histories of racism, slavery, and colonialism. This vision harnesses the power of feminist and scientific thought to chart a course for more socially just practices of experimental biology.A reckoning and a manifesto, Botany of Empire provides experts and general readers alike with a roadmap for transforming the colonial foundations of plant science.

Famine in Cork City sheds light on the horrific physical conditions of the inmates in one such workhouse, Cork Workhouse (now St Finbarr's Hospital), and explores the tragic effects of the famine as they unfolded in the city.

This book takes a timely look at histories of radical Jewish movements, their modes of Holocaust memorialisation, and their relationships with broader anti-colonial and anti-racist struggles. Its primary focus is Australia, where Jewish antifascism was a major political and cultural force in Jewish communities in the 1940s and early 1950s. This cultural and intellectual history of Jewish antifascism utilises a transnational lens to provide an exploration of a Jewish antifascist ideology that took hold in the middle of the twentieth century across Jewish communities worldwide. It argues that Jewish antifascism offered an alternate path for Jewish politics that was foreclosed by mutually reinforcing ideologies of settler colonialism, both in Palestine and Australia.

This book examines subjectivity and neoliberalism in Latin America. The chapters, first published in the journal Subjectivity, cover a range of topics, from work to childcare to violence to university education In the Introduction, Julian Medina Zarate and Flavia Uchoa point out the complex history of the arrival and take-up of neoliberalism across the continent, the deep-seated role of colonial and post-colonial violence, thus the specificity of modes of governance in the complex relationship between the North and the South. The chapter by Antar Martinez Guzman considers the role of neoliberalism in the huge rise in male violence across the country, exploring hyper-violent masculinities in the context of social precarity. Antonio Stecher and Alvaro Soto Roy discuss the transformations in work identities and thus the consequences for subjectivity for workers in three kinds of employment in neoliberal Chile. Fabio d'Oliviera studies phsychologists operating in an increasingly precarised service sector in public assistance programmes in Brazil. Hernan Pulido Martinez explores the role of artefacts in the introduction of discourses and practices related to quality within a university in Colombia. Ana Vergara discusses parent-child relations in the context of neoliberal Chile.

This book deals with one of the most pervasive ways by which people have addressed authority throughout history: petitioning. Based on a Congress held at the Instituto de Ciências Sociais da Universidade de Lisboa (Petitions in the Age of the Atlantic Revolutions), in February of 2019, the book explores traditional practices and institutions, as well as the transformation of petitions as vehicles of popular politics. The ability or the right to petition was also a crucial element for the development and operation of early modern empires, playing a major role on the negotiated patterns of the Atlantic World. This book shows how petitions were used in Europe, America and Africa, by the governors and the governed, by the rich and the poor, by the colonists and the colonised and by the liberal and the reactionary groups. Broken down into three thematic parts, encompassing both in chronological and geographical scope, the book deepens our understanding of petitioning and its relation with ideas of consent and subjecthood, nationality and citizenship, political participation and democracy. This book provides a rare comparative platform for the study of a subject that has been receiving growing interest.

The publication and attention given to postcolonial work has flooded the field of academia, yet not much attention has been paid to the precolonial, premissional, and colonial eras, and receptions of the Western Missionary Bible and its impact on the colonization of Global South nations; schools in this area had to wrestle with the study of the Bible from kindergarten to college. Through vigorous readings of the New Testament and other related subjects, indigenous Christian converts demanded that the Bible needed to be translated into various vernacular and ethnic languages. The hunger for engaging the Bible in the linguistic worldview of people led to the process of translation, printing, and distribution into rural and urban centers. Hence the journey of the Bible and its reception in the Global South is what is referred to as ""Vernacular Translation as Incarnation"" (taken from John 1:14).Therefore, this book is an invitation to postcolonial readers of the Bible, as well as an urgent invitation to both Europe and North America to consider having the Bible in schools so that young minds can be engaged by it. Without translations of the Bible into the vernacular, Christianity would not be growing as it is in the Global South nations, namely Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Hence, vernacular translations of the Bible are indeed incarnational.

This book provides a long history of France¿s infamous indigénat regime, from its origins in Algeria to its contested practices and legacies in France¿s South Pacific territory of New Caledonia. The term indigénat is synonymous throughout the francophone world with the rigours and injustices of the colonial era under French rule. The indigénat regime or 'Native Code' governed the lives of peoples classified as French 'native' subjects in colonies as diverse as Algeria, West Africa, Madagascar, Indochina and New Caledonia. In New Caledonia it was introduced by decree in 1887 and remained in force until Kanak ¿ New Caledoniäs indigenous people ¿ obtained citizenship in 1946. Among the colonial tools and legal mechanisms associated with France¿s colonial empire it is the one that has had the greatest impact on the memory of the colonized. Focussing on New Caledonia, the last remaining part of overseas France to have experienced the full force of the indigénat, this book illustrates the way that certain measures were translated into colonial practices, and sheds light on the tensions involved in the making of France as both a nation and a colonial empire. The first book to provide a comprehensive history of the indigénat regime, explaining how it first came into being and survived up until 1946 despite its constant denunciation, this is an important contribution to French Imperial History and Pacific History.

This book investigates and assesses how and to what extent the French Catholic missionaries carried out their evangelical activity amid the natives of Acadia/Nova Scotia from the mid-seventeenth century until 1755, the year of the Great Deportation of the Acadians. It provides a new understanding of the role played by the French missionaries in the most peripheral and less populated area of Canada during the colonial period. The decision to focus on this period is dictated by the need to investigate how and to which extent the French missionaries sought to carry out their activity within a contested territory which was exposed to the pressures coming out of both French and British imperial interests.

This book seeks to highlight some of the difficult imperial histories and legacies embedded in the Ethnographic Collection of the National Museum of Ireland and enable dialogue with source communities as well as Irish audiences. Ethnographic material acquired as part of the British Empire, represents the duality of Irish participation with the structure and practices of Empire and Ireland's own experience as Britain's oldest colony.From the late 18th to the early 20th century, Irish explorers, soldiers, colonial officers, and administrators enforced British rule abroad against a backdrop of calls for self-governance, the repeal of the Union, rebellion, and civil war. Irish emigrants contributed to the advance of the colonial frontier. Trophies from battlefields in South Africa, Sudan and Ethiopia and taken during sanctioned looting of the royal palaces of Benin, Nigeria and Kumasi, Ghana, were displayed as symbols of their victory and evidence of the 'civilizing' power of the Empire. However, expeditions also depended on local experts for supplies and were reliant on what Indigenous people were prepared to trade. Indigenous artists actively engaged with colonial markets and enriched precontact art forms with tradegoods and created portable souvenirs. Diplomatic gifts also drew Western visitors into their own networks of influence. The collections therefore also offer insights into Indigenous creativity and innovation, as well as resistance. Examining the Collection through a modern lens of biographies as part of decolonizing practices reveals the multi-layered identities of the collectors, the objects themselves and their creators. Part I offers in-depth histories of the institutions whose collections were transferred to the Dublin Museum of Science and Art in 1877, reconnects donors and traces objects' journeys to the museum, as gifts, loot, military and missionary collecting. Part II is divided geographically and focuses on the individual donors and artists and the life histories of specific objects, their contexts and uses.

Brought to you by Penguin.THE INSTANT SUNDAY TIMES BESTSELLEREmpireland examined imperialism's lasting impact on BritainEmpireworld traces the legacies of British empire across the globe.2.6 billion people are inhabitants of former British colonies. The empire's influence upon the quarter of the planet it occupied, and its gravitational influence upon the world outside it, has been profound: from the spread of Christianity by missionaries to nearly 1 in 3 driving on the left side of the road, and even shaping the origins of international law. Yet Britain's idea of its imperial history and the world's experience of it are two very different things. ­­In Empireworld, award-winning author and journalist, Sathnam Sanghera extends his examination of British imperial legacies beyond Britain. Travelling the globe to trace its international legacies - from Barbados and Mauritius to India and Nigeria and beyond - Sanghera demonstrates just how deeply British imperialism is baked into our world.And why it's time Britain was finally honest with itself about empire.'A wonderful book' Rory Stewart'Nuanced and deeply researched' Financial Times'Not just a welcome corrective but a book for our times' Peter Frankopan(c)2024 Sathnam Sanghera (P)2024 Penguin Audio

A No. 1 and Sunday Times Bestseller! Red Queen meets These Violent Delights and Iron Widow in the epic first book in the captivating anti-colonial fantasy series, Gods Beyond the Skies.Don't miss the second book in the trilogy, To Kill These Monstrous Gods, coming September 2025.'A thrilling tale of magic and murder, intrigue and betrayal.' Cassandra Clare'Hauntingly poetic prose' Xiran Jay Zhao'A tender and brutal fantasy that will leave readers breathless and eager for more' Rebecca RossKnown as The Girl Blessed By Death, Yang Ruying wants only to survive, but when her magic is discovered by an enemy prince she must decide if saving her family is worth betraying her country.For as long as Yang Ruying can remember, the empire of Er-Lang has been occupied by Romans, whose advanced science and military make them Gods. But these Gods are not kind. Their only gifts: cruelty, opian and destruction.When Antony, the second Prince of Rome, uncovers Ruying's power, she becomes what she always feared: the perfect assassin. As tensions mount and rebellion stirs, Ruying can no longer deny that peace is a death sentence for Er-Lang. A death she may not be willing to deliver.

This book focuses on twentieth-century Australian leprosaria to explore the lives of indigenous patients and the Catholic women missionaries who nursed them. Distinguished from previous historical studies of leprosy, the book examines the care and management of the incarcerated, enabling a broader understanding of their experience, beyond a singular trope of banishment, oppression and death. From the 1930s until the 1980s, respective governments appointed the trained sisters to four leprosaria across remote northern Australia, where almost two thousand people had been removed from their homes and detained under law for years - sometimes decades. The book traces the sisters¿ holistic nursing from early efforts of amelioration and palliation to their part in the successful treatment of leprosy after World War II. It reveals the ways the sisters stepped out of their assigned roles and attempted to shape the institutions as places of health and hygiene, of European culture and education, and of Christianity. Making use of accounts from patients, doctors; bureaucrats; missionary men; and Indigenous families and communities, the book offers fresh perspectives on two important strands of history. First, its attention to the day-to-day work of the Australian sisters helps to demystify leprosy healthcare by female missionaries, generally. Secondly, with the sisters specifically caring for Indigenous people, this book exposes the institutional practices and goals specific to race relations of both the Australian government and Catholic missionaries. An important and timely read for anyone interested in Indigenous history, medical history and the connections between race, religion and healthcare, this book contextualizes the twentieth-century leprosy epidemic within Australia's broader colonial history.

This book explores the dilemmas of Georgian foreign policy since independence in 1991. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgiäa Caucasian republic with a fiercely independent national identity¿has sought its own special path to European modernity, a promised land of prosperity and peace. Foreign policy has sought to reconcile the dream of European identity with the reality of being a small, post-colonial nation that was governed from Russia for nearly two centuries and remains mired in border conflicts with Russia. In an era when Russian concerns about sovereignty are once again dominating geopolitics, this book interests historians, scholars of imperialism, and scholars of the former Soviet Union and its messy politics.Mariam Bibilashvili has a Ph.D. degree in Social Sciences from the University of Tsukuba, affiliated with the Special Program in Japanese and Eurasian Studies.

"Over the course of the nineteenth century, European states worked together to install a new order of collective security, legitimising the repression of piracy. Menacing Tides demonstrates how this European cooperation against shared threats remade the Mediterranean and unleashed a new form of collaborative imperialism"--