Videnskabeligt udstyr, forsøg og teknikker

Einstein's Shadow follows a team of elite scientists on their historic mission to take the first picture of a black hole, putting Einstein's theory of relativity to its ultimate test and helping to answer our deepest questions about space, time, the origins of the universe, and the nature of realityPhotographing a black hole sounds impossible, a contradiction in terms. But Shep Doeleman and a global coalition of scientists are on the cusp of doing just that. With exclusive access to the team, journalist Seth Fletcher spent five years following Shep and an extraordinary cast of characters as they assembled the Event Horizon Telescope, a worldwide network of radio telescopes created to study black holes. He witnessed the team's struggles, setbacks, and breakthroughs, and, along the way, Fletcher explored the latest thinking on the most profound questions about black holes: Do they represent a limit to our ability to understand reality? Or will they reveal the clues that lead to the long-sought theory of everything? Fletcher transforms astrophysics into something exciting, accessible, and immediate, taking us on an incredible adventure to better understand the complexity of our galaxy, the boundaries of human perception and knowledge, and how the messy endeavor of science really works.Weaving a compelling narrative account of human ingenuity with excursions into cutting-edge science, Einstein's Shadow is a tale of great minds on a mission to change the way we understand our universe?and our place in it.

This detailed volume provides a comprehensive resource covering the existing and state-of-the-art tools in the field of profiling chromatin accessibility and its dynamics. Beginning with a section on bulk-cell methods for profiling chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning that rely on enzymatic cleavage of accessible DNA and produce information about relative accessibility, the book continues with methods that use single-molecule and enzymatic approaches to solving the problem of mapping absolute occupancy/accessibility, emerging tools for mapping DNA accessibility and nucleosome positioning in single cells, imaging-based methods for visualizing accessible chromatin in its nuclear context, as well as computational methods for the processing and analysis of chromatin accessibility datasets. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Chromatin Accessibility: Methods and Protocols serves as an extensive and useful reference for researchers studying different facets of chromatin accessibility in a wide variety of biological contexts. Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This detailed volume compiles numerous methods to explore fly oogenesis. Beginning with updated protocols from isolating and staining the ovary to numerous imaging techniques and genetic protocols for cell-specific assessment and CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis, the volume continues by detailing techniques from assessing cytoskeletal structures to uncovering protein-protein interactions, with closing chapters exploring how Drosophila oogenesis can be used in the classroom and in outreach programs to increase interest in biomedical research, STEM education, and STEM careers. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Drosophila Oogenesis: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for both new and expert researchers working with this robust and versatile model organism.

This book focuses on recent trends of research on alginate-based biomaterials in Drug Delivery strategies and biomedical engineering. It contains the widely used alginate-based biomaterials as micro to nano-controlled drug delivery (oral, ocular delivery, topical delivery, etc.) and its fabrication technology, characterization, and biomedical aspects (such as cancer therapy, tissue engineering, gene delivery, vaccine delivery, enzyme immobilization, wound healing, dental applications, etc.) in a single book. The chapters cover updated information, current research trends, informatics, and all aspects of applications. Alginate is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved natural biomaterial and has diverse biomedical applications. In recent years, researchers and scientists are working on the alginate-based drug delivery systems that have been designed and characterized as a matrix, micro to nanocarriers, fibers, composite/scaffolds, etc. Alginate has versatile properties such as biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and easily available. This book especially highlights both the drug delivery strategies and biomedical engineering aspects such as controlled drug delivery, drug targeting to the site of action, cancer therapy, gene and vaccine delivery, enzyme immobilization, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

Endophytes have unique characteristics to propagate inside host plants and aide the host by providing additional defense against environmental stresses and phytopathogens. Among endophytes, endophytic fungi have been recognized as a proliferating source for the production of bioactive compounds with potential in both the agricultural and health industries.Excessive use of pesticides in agriculture as well as in the food supply chain have led to increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is one of the more serious global health concerns. Endophytic fungi and their associated bioactive substances have been reported to show natural ability to fight against pathogens and can reduce the development of AMR in nature. Studies also reported their potential as producers of hormones that enhance plant growth and several compounds having biological activities without any adverse effects.This book covers the pharmaceutical potential offungal endophytes as elucidated through advanced bioinformatics tools and modern techniques. Also synthetic drugs are losing their efficacy to treat microbial-induced disease due to this emergence of drug-resistant microbes. Therefore, insight into the detection of valuable plant constituents is a pressing priority in order to achieve effective pharmaceutical treatments. This book provides lucid discussion of the most recent research and provides knowledge about the applications of endophytic fungi with a specific focus to their pharmaceutical potential.

This book elucidates the sustainable production of commercially important biomolecules in medicines, food, and beverage processing, through biological systems, including microorganisms, animal cells, plant cells, tissues, enzymes, and in vitro. It discusses promising technologies for the manipulation of cells including, genetic engineering, synthetic biology, genome editing, and metabolic engineering. The initial chapters of the book introduce topics on biomanufacturing, circular economy, strain design and improvement, upstream and downstream processing. The subsequent chapters cover artificial intelligence-assisted production, designer cell factories, biosensors for monitoring biomolecules, different cells factories, biosynthetic pathways, and genome editing approaches for scale-up biomanufacturing. Lastly, the book discusses the opportunities and challenges of implementing biological systems for the production of biomolecules.¿This book is a valuable source for students, researchers, scientists, clinicians, stakeholders, policymakers, and practitioners to understand biomanufacturing for the sustainable production of biomolecules.

Dieses Lehr- und Praxisbuch liefert kompakte Hintergrundinformationen und Messvorschriften aus der klassischen, instrumentellen und molekularbiologischen Analytik. Es liefert aktuelle Entwicklungen und praktische Messvorschriften mit Auswertungen. Das praxisnahe Buch deckt die nasschemische und instrumentelle Analytik und Bioanalytik in voller Breite ab und schließt damit eine Lücke. Es ist ein unverzichtbares Werk für Laborberufe und Ingenieur*innen im Chemie-, Material-, Umwelt-, Lebensmittel-, Wasser-, Agrar- und Medizinbereich bis hin zu Arbeitsschutz, Produktsicherheit und Luftreinhaltung.

This book describes the development of animal models widely used in biomedical research using step-wise instructions and photographs. Showcasing a wide range of species from zebra fishes, birds, rodents, rabbits, dogs, and pigs, the book includes detailed methodology on how to work with these species and to develop various models. The animal models in neurology including stroke, Alzheimer¿s disease, Parkinson¿s disease, and Schizophrenia; Animal models in cancer research, sleep disorders, and cardiovascular diseases are described to meet the understanding of researchers who plan to replicate these models in their laboratories. In depth detailing on the development of targeted gene knockouts and transgenics, implantation models that are used in toxicology studies, and pharmacokinetic studies in pigs and dogs are a highlight. Further, the book describes pharmacologic, chemically induced, surgically induced, microbiologically induced, infectious models, models for neurobehavioral studies, oncology research, and pain research. The book has dedicated sections on anesthesia and analgesia and teaches procedures like venous cut-downs and cannulations in pigs and dogs, and endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation and thoracotomy in rodents and will serve as a self-training tool. Concepts in the field of animal model development are explained using examples. Sample size selection, study design, and statistical evaluation of experiments involving laboratory animals are explained to enable young researchers to practically understand the nuances. This book will be a valuable tool for academicians, students, scientists, and veterinarians and will benefit equally who are new to the field and who are already working with laboratory animals.

This volume explores the latest developments in the study and application of phage biology. The chapters in this book are divided into five parts and cover topics such as phage display, selection, and evolution; genetic and chemical modification of phages; analyzing structures by electron microscopy; characterizing phage transcripts and proteins; and the biology of whole phages. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Phage Engineering and Analysis: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that will help both expert and novice researchers - from backgrounds ranging from microbiologists to biophysicists to chemical engineers - further enhance their understandingof this important and evolving field.

In an era where scientific advancement is skyrocketing, the role of sophisticated tools and techniques becomes paramount. This book is a comprehensive textbook designed to bridge this knowledge gap for students and educators in the life sciences. With an emphasis on the instruments and methods integral to biological and molecular biology research, this book is a response to the growing inclusion of bioinstrumentation in the curriculum of many Indian universities.Spanning eighteen chapters, the book begins with foundational topics like laboratory safety and measurement units, crucial for anyone embarking on biological experimentation. It delves into microscopy, including cutting-edge non-optical scanning probe microscopy, and covers essential laboratory tools such as balances, centrifuges, and pH meters. Further chapters explore manometry, osmometry, chromatography, electrophoresis, and the diverse techniques of spectroscopy, integral to practical biochemistry.A notable addition is the chapter on biosensors, a rapidly evolving field with immense commercial and practical potential. These analytical devices, combining biocatalysts with transducers, are pivotal in personal health monitoring, food safety, and environmental assessment. The book also ventures into the realms of molecular biology, addressing DNA sequencing, PCR, DNA microarray, protein sequencing, and bioinformatics - an increasingly vital tool in managing biological data.Each chapter is enriched with numerous photographs and illustrations, enhancing understanding and engagement. Review questions at the end of each chapter aid in consolidating learning. The book concludes with a useful glossary and appendices, though it acknowledges its focus on bioinstrumentation in biology and molecular biology, deliberately excluding biomedical instrumentation to maintain scope and clarity.This textbook is an essential resource for students and teachers in biology, offering a thorough understanding of the instruments and techniques at the forefront of scientific research. It's a testament to the importance of bioinstrumentation in the ongoing quest for scientific discovery and innovation.

This book is the first comprehensive compilation of existing knowledge on the impact of cisgenic crops on biodiversity, environment, and ecosystem. Strategies to create and access cisgenic crops, potential risks assessment, and legal implications across the globe (European Union, North and South Americas, Africa, and Asia) are enumerated. Ethics, economics, safety, social concerns, and consumer acceptance of cisgenic foods are deliberated. Policy paradigm and ways to overcome GM regulations through cisgenic crops are highlighted. The book has 12 chapters authored by internationally leading experts on the subject. This book will be useful especially for the policy makers and GMO regulators, while the students, teachers, and researchers from across the globe will be equally benefited.

"Time and Tide" is a compelling book authored by means of Sir Robert S. Ball, a outstanding nineteenth-century Irish astronomer and mathematician. This work gives readers a concept-scary exploration of the profound have an impact on of celestial forces, in particular the moon, on the Earth's oceans and tides. In "Time and Tide," Sir Robert S. Ball delves into the intricate mechanics of tidal phenomena, elucidating the gravitational interactions between the Earth, the moon, and the solar. He masterfully explains how those gravitational forces supply rise to the rhythmic upward thrust and fall of ocean waters, imparting a comprehensive and accessible account of the technology in the back of tides. Ball also delves into the historic and cultural significance of tides, chronicling how they have got shaped human civilizations, navigation, and coastal ecosystems. He highlights the profound have an effect on of tides on our knowledge of time, emphasizing their function within the improvement of lunar calendars and the measurement of time itself. Moreover, "Time and Tide" serves as a testament to Ball's capacity to make complicated scientific ideas available to a broader audience. His writing now not simplest imparts information however also conjures up a deeper appreciation for the wonders of the herbal world.

"The Story of Germ Life" is a groundbreaking book authored by using H. W. Conn. Conn, a pioneering American biologist and microbiologist, offers readers a complete exploration of the microscopic organisms that play a vital part within the techniques of decay, fermentation, and sickness. In this seminal work, Conn introduces readers to the previously hidden universe of microorganism, fungi, and different microorganisms. He describes their structure, behaviors, and the profound impact they've on various elements of existence, from agriculture to medication. Conn's meticulous observations and insights laid the inspiration for our understanding of microbiology and the development of modern microbiological studies. "The Story of Germ Life" isn't always simplest a scientific treatise however also a testomony to Conn's talent in making complex medical concepts on hand to a broader target audience. His work has had a lasting have an impact on on the sector of microbiology and continues to encourage scientists and readers alike to realize the hidden global of microorganisms that form our environment and fitness.

"Facts and Arguments for Darwin" is a seminal paintings authored with the aid of Fritz Müller, a 19th-century German biologist and naturalist. This book serves as a compelling and influential defense of Charles Darwin's concept of evolution through herbal selection. In the work, Müller meticulously provides a wealth of empirical proof and persuasive arguments in support of Darwin's innovative thoughts. He draws from his large studies of flora and animals, in particular in the wealthy biodiversity of Brazil, to provide concrete examples of ways herbal choice operates within the natural global. Müller's work now not best bolstered Darwin's principle but additionally brought particular insights. He made vast contributions to the expertise of coevolution and mutualism in ecosystems, dropping mild at the complex relationships between species. Through "Facts and Arguments for Darwin," Fritz Müller made a profound impact at the acceptance and dissemination of Darwin's evolutionary concept. His determination to empirical research and rigorous medical inquiry helped pave the manner for the broader attractiveness of Darwinism inside the scientific network. Today, Müller's contributions to biology and his advocacy for the ideas of herbal choice remain recognized and celebrated, making "Facts and Arguments for Darwin" an enduring testomony to the electricity of empirical science and the development of evolutionary concept.

"The Microscope" is a seminal paintings authored by Andrew Ross, a outstanding English optician and microscope maker of the 19th century. This comprehensive e-book is a sizable contribution to the sphere of microscopy and clinical instrumentation. In this pioneering paintings, Ross delves into the principles, production, and realistic packages of microscopes. He offers distinctive insights into the design and mechanics of microscopes, in conjunction with instructions on how to use them successfully for clinical statement and research. "The Microscope" not handiest serves as a treasured guide for the ones inquisitive about microscopy but also highlights the essential role of microscopes in advancing medical understanding. Ross's meticulous descriptions and illustrations of microscope components and techniques made microscopy greater handy to a broader audience, inclusive of scientists, naturalists, and students. Moreover, Ross's work reflects the enthusiasm and curiosity of the generation's clinical network, as microscopes were instrumental in coming across previously unseen worlds and phenomena. His book contributed to the popularization of microscopy and the speedy advancements in organic and medical research throughout the nineteenth century. "The Microscope" via Andrew Ross stays a undying aid for anybody inquisitive about the history and realistic applications of microscopes.

This book demonstrates the extremely fascinating and interdisciplinary microbial domain. It helps in discovering the latest advances in microbiology and learns how they can help shape a more sustainable future for our planet. This comprehensive guide covers the latest breakthroughs in microbiology research and their practical applications in fields such as ecology, agriculture, biotechnology, and environmental science. Furthermore, the readers explore the cutting-edge technologies and methodologies that are driving the next generation of microbiology research. With expert insights from the leading microbiologists, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in understanding the role of microbes in our world and harnessing their power for a better tomorrow.

This book offers information on intelligent and computational techniques for microbial data associated with plant microbes, human microbes etc. The main focus of this book is to provide an insight on building smart sustainable solutions for microbial technology using intelligent computational techniques.Microbes are ubiquitous in nature, and their interactions among each other are important for colonizing diverse habitats. The core idea of sustainable computing is to deploy algorithms, models, policies and protocols to improve energy efficiency and management of resources, enhancing ecological balance, biological sustenance and other services on societal contexts. Chapters in this book explore the conventional methods as well as the most recently recognized high-throughput technologies which are important for productive agroecosystems to feed the growing global population. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers, microbiologist, computer bioinformatics scientists,plant and environmental scientist, and those interested in environment stewardship around the world. The book also serves as an advanced textbook material for undergraduate and graduate students of computer science, biomedicine, agriculture, human science, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences and policy makers.

This detailed volume spotlights methods to investigate a variety of virus-host interactions in humans, other mammals, fish, or insects. It explores viruses such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), honeybee viruses, Nipah virus, EBV, SVCV, HSV-1, HIV-1, A H1N1, and SARS-CoV-2, as well as applications of techniques such as qPCR, serum antibody responses, 4C analysis, cell membrane fusion, biosensors, computational modelling, quantitative proteomics, and other genetic tools to decipher those viral infections and interactions. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Virus-Host Interactions: Methods and Protocols serves as a valuable resource for researchers both in academia and in the biosciences industry who are engaged in the search for a better understanding of threatening virus-hosts interactions, virus detection, their characterization, and ultimately their taming and control.