Analytisk kemi

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Chapters collected from "The Virtual Conference on Chemistry and its Applications (VCCA-2021) - Research and Innovations in Chemical Sciences: Paving the Way Forward". This conference was held in August 2021 and organized by the Computational Chemistry Group of the University of Mauritius. These peer-reviewed chapters offer insights into research on fundamental and applied chemistry with interdisciplinary subject matter.

This volume details aspects and applications of interfacing capillary electrophoresis (CE) with mass spectrometry (MS). Chapters guide readers through approaches based on different types of CE-MS interfaces such as (nano)sheath liquid, porous tip, and liquid junction, as well as various capillary coatings, and a broad range of applications including several top-down and bottom-up proteomic approaches. Additionally, a list of analyte targets was provided consisting of amphetamines, antibiotics, carbohydrates (including glycosaminoglycans and glycopeptides), enantiomers, extracellular matrix metabolites, monoclonal antibodies, and nanoparticles, and therefore covers numerous fields of applications such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, food, agrochemical, and environmental analysis. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols aims to provide highly valuable information for both beginners and experts in the field be it students, technical staff, and scientists.

This volume covers various aspects of affinity chromatography along with examples of its applications. Chapters guide readers through methodologies to purify a diverse array of molecular targets such as antibodies, extracellular vesicles, recombinant proteins, biomarkers, metabolites, plant organelles, nucleic acids, ligand identification and protocols on building affinity matrix. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Affinity Chromatography: Methods and Protocols aims to be an invaluable resource to anyone employing affinity chromatography-based methodologies.

This book reports a study of a class of Dion-Jacobson-type layered perovskite oxides in which high oxide-ion conductivities in phases were discovered for the first time in the world. The oxide-ion conductors are important in various energy conversion devices and environmental protection applications such as solid-oxide fuel cells, oxygen gas sensors, oxygen separation membranes, and oxygen-based catalysts. The discoveries are based on a new screening method, called the bond valence method, combined with an original design concept. The present finding of high oxide-ion conductivity reported in the thesis suggested the potential of Dion-Jacobson phases as a platform to identify superior oxide-ion conductors.To understand what causes such high oxide-ion conductivities in these layered perovskite oxides, the author analyzed their crystal structures at high temperature and described the relationship between oxide-ion conductivities and their crystal structures. A deep understanding of the mechanisms of oxide-ion diffusivity at an atomic level in the Dion-Jacobson phases is clarified.The discovery of these materials, the new screening method, and the original design concept make possible the realization of many environment-friendly technologies. The findings in this thesis facilitate the possibilities for many novel applications that will help lead to a sustainable future.

This volume focuses on the potential use of probiotics in treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic acidosis, and gut dysbiosis. Chapters draw an association between gut microbiota and its diversity with metabolic diseases like diabetes, obesity, related liver and gut disorders; gut-brain axis; increased inflammation, and a compromised immune system resulting from these manifestations and scope of intervention with probiotics. Special attention is laid on describing the mechanisms of action of such beneficial effects of probiotic administration. The ability of probiotics to decrease metabolic endotoxemia by restoring the disrupted intestinal mucosal barrier is also included.The volume is a comprehensive compilation describing the scope and application of probiotic and prebiotic therapy in treating metabolic disorders. Readers will discover how probiotics are not just confined to the microbiology industry but are showing promising results in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors.

This book highlights the theories and applications of quantum acoustical imaging which can be considered as a part of quantum technology. It starts with the theories and background principles of this new field in depth.The examples of some present forms of available acoustical imaging which can be considered as quantum acoustical imaging are given such as ultrasonics in the terahertz range with the use of optical transducers for producing terahertz ultrasound and the theory of sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SASER) and principles based on terahertz ultrasound. The SASER transducer is described, followed by the applications of SASER.Other examples of quantum acoustical imaging are the atomic force acoustic microscope (AFAM) and the ultrasonic force microscope. The author's personal inventions of quantum acoustical imaging are a system based on phonons entanglement based on the quantum property of phonons entanglement and the quantum ultrasound diffraction tomography system.The advantage of quantum acoustical imaging is the defeat of the classical Rayleigh image resolution limit. An unique feature of this book is that it has gone in depth into the quantum theories of acoustical imaging such as phonons entanglement,,superposition principle and the application of transport theory.Quantum microphones and quantum transducers are also introduced with a final chapter on quantum image processing.

This book introduces the recent development in Japan of diamond electrodes, which has attracted much attention in the world. For example, electrochemical sensors using diamond electrodes are now being utilized commercially. Newly developing applications such as electrochemical organic synthesis including CO2 reduction are also expected to form an important future technology. Those emerging applications to various fields which are receiving increasing attention are described in detail here.This book is useful not only for students who would like to begin their study of diamond electrodes but also for industries that are exploring novel electrochemical applications.

This book illustrates the significance of various optical spectroscopy and microscopy techniques, including absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy for deciphering the nature of biological molecules. The content of this book chiefly focuses on (1) the principle, theory, and instrumentation used in different optical spectroscopy techniques, and (2) the application of these techniques in exploring the nature of different biomolecules (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes, and carbohydrates). It emphasizes the structural, conformational and dynamic, and kinetic including the changes in biomolecules under a range of conditions. In closing, the book summarizes recent advances in the field of optical spectroscopic and microscopic techniques.

This book presents commonly applied characterization techniques in material science, their brief history and origins, mechanism of operation, advantages and disadvantages, their biosensing applications, and troubleshooting for each technique, while addressing the challenges researchers face when working with these techniques. The book dedicates its focus to identifying physicochemical and electrochemical nature of materials including analyses of morphology, mass spectrometry, and topography, as well as the characterization of elemental, structural, thermal, wettability, electrochemical, and chromatography properties. Additionally, the main features and benefits of using coupled characterization techniques are discussed in this book.

This book describes the history of and recent developments in cobaltite and the spin-crossover (SC) phenomena. It offers readers an overview of essential research conducted on cobaltite and introduces them to the fundamentals of condensed matter physics research.The book consists of two parts. The first part reviews SC phenomena, covering the fundamental physics of SC phenomena and basic material properties of cobaltite. The second part focuses on recent topics in SC cobaltite, including the optical and dynamical features of cobaltite, thin material fabrication, and thermoelectric properties. The comprehensive coverage and clearly structured topics will especially appeal to newcomers to the field of state-of-the-art research on cobaltite and SC physics.

For more than five decades, scientists and researchers have relied on the Advances in Chromatography series. For Volume 54, the series editors have invited established chemists to offer cutting-edge reviews of chromatographic methods applied in the life sciences that emphasize the underlying principle of separation science.