Bioetik

Dette er historien om en af de smukkeste og farligste ideer i menneskets historie. Det er historien om os selv og om vores fremtid. Historien begynder på et afsides beliggende augustinsk kloster i 1856, hvor en munk falder over idéen om en ”arvelighedsenhed”. Derpå krydser den Darwins evolutionsteori for siden at kollidere med nazisternes tanker om racehygiejne, der kulminerer i 1940’ernes rædsler. Genet transformerer efterkrigstidens biologi og omkalfatrer vores forståelse af begreber som sexualitet, temperament, valg og fri vilje. Det er en historie drevet af lige dele menneskelig genialitet og besættelse. Vævet sammen med historien er også en personlig beretning – om kræftforskeren Mukherjees egen familie, som plages af gentagne tilfælde af sindssyge, hvilket minder os om, hvor voldsomt og gennemgribende hverdagslivet påvirkes af genetik. Genet er en majestætisk historie om fremvæksten af en videnskabelig idé, og samtidig en vision om menneskeheden – vores fortid såvel som vores fremtid. Bogen er udgivet med støtte fra Statens Kunstfond.

Forbundne arters manifest er en hyldest til hundene og til den fælles historie, som mennesker og hunde har. Igennem en udforskning af fællesskabet mellem vores arter bliver det tydeligt, hvordan gensidighed, kærlighed og ansvar er størrelser, der binder os tæt til vores pjuskede ledsagere og makkere. Forbundethed er et gennemgående tema i Donna Haraways forfatterskab, og i denne tekst udfoldes det til fulde gennem analysen af de blomstrende relationer mellemforbundne arter. ”Forbundne arters manifest er et personligt dokument, en videnskabelig ekspedition ind i for mange delvist ukendte territorier, en politisk håbshandling i en verden på kanten af global krig, og et arbejde der i princippet er i bestandig fremgang. Jeg tilbyder hundegennemtyggede rekvisitter og halvt afrettede argumenter for at videreudvikle nogle fortællinger, jeg holder rigtig meget af, som akademiker og som en person i min tid og på mit sted. Denne historie handler hovedsageligt om hunde. Som brændende engageret i disse fortællinger, håber jeg at føre mine læsere ind i kennelen på livstid. (…) Færdighederne og aktørerne i hundeverdenerne, både menneskelige og ikke-menneskelige, burde være et vigtigt anliggende for teknovidenskabelige studier. Det ligger mig endnu mere på sinde, at mine læsere ved, hvorfor jeg betragter det at skrive om hunde som en gren af feministisk teori, eller omvendt.” Forbundne arters manifest er en hjertelig og sjov gentænkning af Haraways tidligere arbejde, der tegner nye retninger i forfatterskabet.

This edited book analyses how artists, authors, and cultural practitioners have responded to and represented episodes of epidemics/pandemics through history. Covering a broad range of notable epidemics/pandemics (black death, cholera, Influenza, AIDS, Ebola, COVID-19), the chapters examine the cultural representations of epidemics and pandemics in different contexts, periods, languages, media, and genres. Interdisciplinary in nature and drawing on perspectives from medicine, literature, medical anthropology, philosophy of medicine, and cultural theory, the book investigates and emphasizes the urgent need to reflect on past catastrophes caused by such outbreaks. By delving into cultural history, it re-examines how societies and communities have responded in the past to species-threatening epidemics/pandemics. Sure to be of interest to lay readers as well as students and researchers, this work situates epidemics and pandemics outbreaks within the contexts of culture and narrative, and their complex and layered representation, commenting on intersections of contagion, culture, and community. It offers a cross-cultural, global, and comparative analysis of the trajectories, histories and responses to various epidemics/pandemics that impacted people worldwide.

Anti-natalism is the provocative view that it is either always or almost always all-things-considered wrong to procreate. Philanthropic anti-natalist arguments say that procreation is always impermissible because of the harm done to individuals who are brought into existence. Misanthropic arguments, on the other hand, hold that procreation is usually impermissible given the harm that individuals will do once brought into existence. The main purpose of this short monograph is to demonstrate that David Benatar's misanthropic argument for anti-natalism ought to be endorsed by any version of African Communitarianism. Not only that, but there are also resources in the African philosophical tradition that offer unique support for the argument. Given the emphasis that indigenous African worldviews place on the importance of procreation and the immediate family unit this result is highly surprising. This book marks the first attempt to bring anti-natalism into conversation with contemporary African ethics.

This Pivot traces the rise of the so-called "e;vegetarian"e; vampire in popular culture and contemporary vampire fiction, while also exploring how the shift in the diet of (some) vampires, from human to animal or synthetic blood, responds to a growing ecological awareness that is rapidly reshaping our understanding of relations with others species. The book introduces the trope of the vegetarian vampire, as well as important critical contexts for its discussion: the Anthropocene, food studies, and the modern practice, politics and ideologies of vegetarianism. Drawing on references to recent historical contexts and developments in the genre more broadly, the book investigates the vegetarian vampire's relationship to other more violent and monstrous forms of the vampire in popular twenty-first century horror cinema and television. Texts discussed include Interview with the Vampire, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Twilight, The Vampire Diaries and True Blood. Reading the Vegetarian Vampire examines a new aspect of contemporary interest in considering vampire fiction.

This book provides a brief introduction to the growing field of animal maltreatment evaluation and treatment, with a special emphasis on clinical training from a forensic psychology perspective. Geared toward mental health practitioners, students, and educators, this broad overview focuses on foundational legal concepts, applications in clinical and psycholegal settings, and emerging perspectives on effective evaluation and treatment. The authors provide practical guidance around "e;real world"e; scenarios through the use of clinical case vignettes, highlighting the complexities and need for culturally- and psychologically-informed care in these cases. Key topics include forensic animal maltreatment evaluations (or FAMEs); implications for best practices; challenges for providers, trainees, and supervisors; and future directions for the field.

Reading Slaughter: Abattoir Fictions, Space, and Empathy in Late Modernity examines literary depictions of slaughterhouses from the development of the industrial abattoir in the late nineteenth century to today. The book focuses on how increasing and ongoing isolation and concealment of slaughter from the surrounding society affects readings and depictions of slaughter and abattoirs in literature, and on the degree to which depictions of animals being slaughtered creates an avenue for empathic reactions in the reader or the opportunity for reflections on human-animal relations. Through chapters on abattoir fictions in relation to narrative empathy, anthropomorphism, urban spaces, rural spaces, human identities and horror fiction, Sune Borkfelt contributes to debates in literary animal studies, human-animal studies and beyond.

This book serves as an introduction to the concepts of medical biotechnology, with great details about fundamentals and early disciplines of study as well as emerging fields and the latest research. The book follows a chronological order from the earliest discoveries and breakthroughs of medical biotechnology to the latest areas of study. The book contains up-to-date citations for each chapter and section, which makes it easy for the reader to understand the concept and also to follow the latest developments in the particular area. It is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students who aspire to derive basic knowledge and are also keen on learning about the latest advancements in the field of medical biotechnology. 

This volume elucidates the pivotal ethical and legal issues arising from the use of brain organoids for research, therapeutic and enhancement purposes.The function of the human brain is still a mystery. Until recently, only post-mortem tissue was available for a structural examination of the brain. Consequently, the examination results could only reflect the state at the end of life. However, in order to better understand the development and function of the human brain, dynamic and functional investigations of different human brain cells are necessary. This is where brain organoids, artificially grown in vitro miniature brains, provide the opportunity for more flexible research scenarios.At the same time, however, the use of brain organoids in research and therapy raises the question of how these new entities are to be treated from an ethical and legal point of view. Against this background, this volume aims at clarifying the normative implications of the use of brain organoids in research and therapy.  The ethical reflections on the status of brain organoids, informed consent, human-to-animal chimeras and neuro-enhancement are mirrored by corresponding legal analyses. The ethical and legal assessments are preceded by an introduction to the scientific and medical background of the brain organoid technology. A final chapter will be devoted to the issue of whether international harmonization of normative standards for brain organoid research and therapy is feasible and advisable.

The contributed volume "e;Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity in Health"e; is a health-centered volume of the Integrated Science Book series. Lack of confidence, lack of expertise, complexities of healthcare, the confusing nature of healthcare environments, and lack of organization and standardization can become obstacles to successful communication. This volume establishes how extensive is the interface between formal sciences and medical sciences on health-related issues. The book provides an overview of the value of the integration of formal, biological, and medical sciences and related products, i.e., health informatics and biomedical engineering, to frame a holistic approach to health systems, healthcare, medical practice, drug discovery, and medical device design. The book also focuses on innovative solutions to the most critical issues of different health crisis, including obesity, infectious outbreaks, and cancer that can be found by using an integrative approach. It also contains the fascinating crossroads between medical sciences, physics, and mind that is discussed from multiple perspectives on cognition, neuroscience, and psychiatry. These multidisciplinary considerations will expand the concepts of creativity, leadership, aesthetics, empathy and mental health.   

Ginger and turmeric can be used as feed additive in rations quail, an active substance in types of zingiberaceae had benefits better for animals, especially the type of quail. Research on the performance of Quail Starter-Grower Period fed commercial feed with the addition of Ginger and turmeric have been conducted over the past five weeks. The purpose of this research is to know the influence feeding numerical form of ginger and turmeric flour against performance of quail starter period until the period of the grower. Quail are used as much as 240 tail two days. The observed variables are the consumption of rations, body weights, FCR, mortality, and depletion. The results showed that each treatment no different real or no effect on the performance of quail starter-grower period. Need to do similar studies with increased percentages given in each, so that they are known to influence the awarding of the ration of flour, ginger and flour are turmeric.

Do you have what it takes to succeed as a food startup? Most startups and companies struggle to successfully overcome the Valley of Death. The aim of this study was to assess the existence and effect of the Valley of Death on startups within the Swiss food sector. Personality characteristics in terms of emotional intelligence are largely responsible for successfully or non-successfully passing the Valley of Death. Within emotional intelligence, motivation and self-regulation of the entrepreneurs involved in a startup are key drivers. Besides timing, finances remain to be a crucial factor. Based on the results, a new term - the Mountain of Death - for Swiss food startups was introduced. Additionally, recommendations about how food startups best deal with several bottlenecks within this phase are extracted and summarized within a guideline. Although this phenomenon remains to be a complex issue and is subject to further investigations, the application of the created guideline should minimize the impact on food startups so that promising ideas are turned into profitable, commercial applications.

Cattle bomas are fenced livestock enclosures meant to protect cattle at night when predators are active, and as a result, trampling of the enclosed cattle breaks down the moribund grass. The research project aimed at assessing the effect of cattle trampling and grazing on vegetation and wildlife habitats in Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, Kenya. This was done in three treatments, the boma, where cattle spent the night, the grazed areas where cattle would graze during the day and control areas, where there were no cattle activities. The overall project aimed at examining the following objectives: 1.The effect of cattle trampling and controlled grazing upon grass quality and species diversity for grazers. 2. The effect of different grazing treatments on grass biomass and 3.Determine whether the trampling and grazing treatments influences habitat use by grazers. The implementations of these interventions would help in return the conservation managers manipulate the long-term distribution and abundance of grazing animals on range-lands through careful consideration of boma placement and relocation rates.

The tomato genetic resources are important materials for breeding and biotechnology, and determination of their relationships has valuable potential in the tomato industry. The success of tomato genetic resource collection, preservation, exploitation, and utilization in both present and long-term breeding, and production programs depend largely on the knowledge and understanding of the genetic background, diversity, relationships, and identification of these resources. Tomato is the well studied crop species for breeding, genetics and genomics. It is one of the initial crop plants for which a genetic linkage map was constructed. Genetic analysis of tomato is essential to enhance the genetic yield potential and maximum utilization of the desirable characters for synthesizing of any ideal .The assessment of genetic diversity within and between populations of tomato varieties is measured by using morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. This book is an attempt to provide concise and comprehensive detail on tomato genotypes based on morphological and molecular characterization.