Genetik (ikke-medicinsk)

En smuk og barsk beretning om sorg og tab samt lys og kærlighed. Da Alberte er 7 år gammel, får hun diagnosen Metakromatisk Leukodystrofi (MLD), en nervesygdom, der langsomt nedbryder hendes motoriske og kognitive færdigheder. Albertes mor beskriver ærligt og personligt, hvordan Albertes diagnose og sygdomsforløb rammer familien med et hårdt slag og kaster mor, far og storesøster ud i en følelsesmæssig nedtur, hvor de magtesløse lever med visheden om, at Alberte skal dø. Alligevel får dødens tilstedeværelse dem ikke til at opgive at finde en retning og mening med livet og lader lyset og kærligheden dominere i Albertes korte liv.

Sorte mennesker er ikke bedre til at løbe langt eller hurtigt end hvide mennesker. Hvide mennesker er ikke mere intelligente end sorte. Østasiatiske studerende er ikke naturligt bedre til matematik, jøder har ikke et medfødt talent for penge, og din hudfarve fortæller ikke noget om, hvilken race du tilhører.Disse og mange andre stereotyper og myter om race er netop de fundamenter, strukturel racisme hviler på.Bogen her giver et videnskabeligt blik på, hvad moderne genetik kan og ikke kan fortælle os om menneskelig forskellighed. Videnskaben er historisk set blevet brugt som et værktøj til at institutionalisere racismen, men i denne bog forsøger Rutherford at vise, hvordan videnskaben kan og bør bruges som et antiracistisk værktøj.Videnskabelige argumenter mod racisme er et våben til at afmontere pseudovidenskabelige ideer om, at de forskelle, der er mellem os mennesker som individer, kan sige noget om os mennesker som større grupper. Et våben mod racisme.Hvad vores gener siger (og ikke siger)om forskelle mellem mennesker

The conservation of genetic resources of domestic animals has received special attention in recent years, especially in relation to native populations. The search for strategies for the sustainable use of this diversity is of great importance to public and private entities around the world. The FAO defines diversity as the level of genetic polymorphism. Native domesticated ruminant species include goats, sheep and cattle from Europe, Asia and Africa. These animals are considered hardy, well adapted to local conditions and generally have dual aptitude. The preservation of these local breeds is important for maintaining cultural traditions, such as the manufacture of typical products by small producers, associated with regional customs. Due to their low productivity and lack of knowledge of their genetic potential, many breeds are threatened with extinction and are restricted to a few conservation herds. This article will look at the use of molecular markers to study the genetic diversity of native ruminants of recognized importance to local biodiversity that are catalogued and protected by the FAO.

This volume provides a collection of protocols from researchers in the statistical genomics field. Chapters focus on integrating genomics with other ¿omics¿ data, such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Statistical Genomics hopes that by covering these diverse and timely topics researchers are provided insights into future directions and priorities of pan-omics and the precision medicine era.

Image Atlas of COVID-19 covers this novel and emerging respiratory infectious disease. Although the gold standard for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 remains the nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2, chest CT scans have been widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 as simple and fast diagnostic methods. The latter has proven crucial when faced with a large volume of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The imaging manifestations of COVID-19 have some specific characteristics, hence a better understanding of imaging findings is of great value for detecting lesions, evaluating lesion severity, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and assessment of therapeutic options and prognosis.

Primate Anatomy: Introduction to Extant Primates synthesizes the taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, and genomics of extant primates, including humans. It takes a holistic approach to describing primate skeletal, muscular, and organ structure and function, providing the tools to understanding the fundamentals and state of the science of primatology. Now in its fourth edition, this work introduces its audience to the history and objectives of the field of primatology. It enumerates and profiles extant primates before delving into detailed descriptions of primate skulls, brains, teeth, skeletons, musculature, organs, blood groups, reproduction, and development. In addition, the book highlights recent advances in primate genomics, including new genera and species assignments, and concludes with a glance at the future of the field. Written by longtime expert Friderun Ankel-Simons, this new edition effectively introduces complex biological concepts in a manner accessible to all readers. It will serve as an excellent reference for technical and non-technical audiences, including primatologists, anatomists, paleontologists, anthropologists, conservationists, and naturalists.

This volume compiles a comprehensive range of methods to study key aspects of mitochondrial DNA including nucleoid structure and packaging, replication, genome integrity, and disease. Chapters are organized into eight methodological sections that cover in vitro and in vivo methods, including for mtDNA isolation, visualization, deep sequencing, gene editing, and diagnostic aspects of mtDNA disease. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mitochondrial DNA: Methods and Protocols aims to be useful and informative for researchers and clinicians with an interest in mitochondrial DNA.

This detailed volume provides a comprehensive resource covering the existing and state-of-the-art tools in the field of profiling chromatin accessibility and its dynamics. Beginning with a section on bulk-cell methods for profiling chromatin accessibility and nucleosome positioning that rely on enzymatic cleavage of accessible DNA and produce information about relative accessibility, the book continues with methods that use single-molecule and enzymatic approaches to solving the problem of mapping absolute occupancy/accessibility, emerging tools for mapping DNA accessibility and nucleosome positioning in single cells, imaging-based methods for visualizing accessible chromatin in its nuclear context, as well as computational methods for the processing and analysis of chromatin accessibility datasets. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Chromatin Accessibility: Methods and Protocols serves as an extensive and useful reference for researchers studying different facets of chromatin accessibility in a wide variety of biological contexts. Chapter 6 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume details technologies on recombinant DNA and nucleic acid manipulation that underpin much of the biological sciences and instructions on how to conduct them successfully. Chapters guide the reader through the basics of oligonucleotide synthesis and DNA sequencing; recombinant DNA plasmid work; cell-free experiments and the latest developments in CRISPR approaches to genome modification. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and methods, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols.   Authoritative and cutting-edge, DNA Manipulation and Analysis aims to be the comprehensive guide for life scientists moving into the field of recombinant DNA and nucleic acid manipulation.

An Emerging Western Hemisphere Population Origin Paradigm

This thorough volume presents a wide range of existing methods, from the very popular to the more exotic, in the area of plant genotyping. Many methods of plant genotyping were initially developed for medical research, but all genotyping methods, if they are to be successful, should be suitable for application across the full range of studies within plant biology, as seen in this collection. Plant genotyping methods herein are based on a variety of assessments, including DNA microarray, with its hundreds of thousands of simultaneous reactions, or separate individual studies of DNA sequencing and fragment analysis, PCR and qPCR, allele-specific molecular probes and primers, digestion with restriction endonucleases, microscopy and many others. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Genotyping: Methods and Protocols offers researchers the opportunity to update their knowledge and choose the most suitable method of plant genotyping for their chosen application.

This second edition provides new and updated protocols that can be used for generation of knockout animals. Chapters guide the reader through basic protocols for three genome editing technologies, target design tools, and specific protocols for each animal. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Genome Editing in Animals: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

Bioinformatics is a field of study that integrates biological sciences with computer science. This book is the first of itskind written for students and teachers. It gives the readers an insight into genomics and proteomics including originand history of bioinformatics, computer generations, their types and operating systems, role of PERL and JAVA asprogramming languages, central dogma of molecular biology, with structural details of DNA, RNA, and proteins andfundamental techniques used to study their structures, the database retrieval with PubMed, Entrez, SRS, OMIM,ExPASy, and EMBL, the BLAST and FASTA software packages to determine sequence matches, the computationalmethods for gene prediction, protein sequence databases, Swiss-Prot, PDB, software for visualization of proteinstructure, and the concepts of gene, genome and genomics with the prime role of GenBank, DDBJ, TIGR, KEGGgenomics of bacteriophage to HGP, gene therapy, drug designing and pharmacogenomics. Several web pages withtheir specific URLs are provided that will definitely help readers to interact and learn more about cutting-edgeresearch and visualize complex processes involved in bioinformatics.ContentsIntroductionEvolution of ComputersBiological MacromoleculesBasic Techniques in BioinformaticsBiological DatabasesSequence AlignmentMultiple Sequence AlignmentsComputational Gene PredictionProteomicsGenomics

Bioinformatics is a field that presents one of the grand challenges of today. The field is faced with a strong demand for immediate solutions, because the genomic and post-genomic data that are being collected harbour many biological insights whose deciphering can be the basis for dramatic scientific and economical success, and is promising to have a large impact on society. Recent developments in molecular biology, genomics, proteomics, and other areas have produced a wealth of experimental data on sequences and three-dimensional structures of biological macromolecules. Consequently, the service of various computational methods of analysis to obtain useful information has now turned out to be a major new discipline as Bioinformatics. The Dictionary of Bioinformatics is a vital reference for important terms, offering students and researchers a convenient summary of the core knowledge of the field, with concise and accurate definitions of over 2200 words, phrases, and concepts. This invaluable resource provides a comprehensive guide for anyone involved in bioinformatics, from beginners to experienced professionals, and serves as an essential tool for understanding and interpreting the vast amount of biological data being generated.

This book discusses the role of microbes in agriculture for plant attributes, soil fertility, and bio-remediation, which aid in sustainable agriculture. Nowadays, due to increase in human population, it is essential to increase food productivity in the near future, but exhaustive non-sustainable agricultural practices such as the usage of agrochemicals threaten food security, the economy, and the environment globally. Soil deterioration is the most serious environmental threat to food production, resulting in poverty and hunger in developing countries. As a result, the global community has faced challenges regarding the development of ecologically sound, efficient, and long-term alternative options to meet rising food requirements. Therefore, to contribute to food security, the advancement of sustainable and innovative modern agriculture aimed at addressing environmental, economic, and social challenges connected with present intense non-sustainable agriculture practices is required. As a result, beneficial microbial inoculants will be widely used in the development of new strategies to increase sustainable food production. Bioinoculant application helps to provide nutrients that directly support soil health and sustainable food production. Hence, this book offers the role of microbial inoculants for better agronomical performance for sustainable advancement in agriculture and also pays attention to soil health improvement for extensive period benefits. The book will be highly recommended for agriculture microbiologists, agronomists, plant pathologists, and related areas.

This volume provides protocols on evidence for polyploidy and how it can be unveiled. Chapters guide readers through evolutionary experiments, measure effects of polyploidy, evidence for (remnants of) ancient WGDs, models of chromosome number evolution, population genomics approaches to study polyploidy, analysing genetic data from polyploid populations, Phylogenetic and phylogenomic methods, gene expression, gene regulation, unicellular alga (Chlamydomonas),  and a fast-growing duckweed (Spirodela). Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Polyploidy: Method and Protocols aims to be of interest to experimental and computational (evolutionary) biologists, molecular biologists, and biotechnologists.

This volume details state-of-the-art computational methods designed to manage, analyze, and generally leverage epigenomic and epitranscriptomic data. Chapters guide readers through fine-mapping and quantification of modifications, visual analytics, imputation methods, supervised analysis, and integrative approaches for single-cell data. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Computational Epigenomics and Epitranscriptomics aims to provide an overview of epiomic protocols, making it easier for researchers to extract impactful biological insight from their data.

The book delves into an extensive research study carried out at the Wheat Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, during Rabi 2018-19, focusing on the genetic dynamics of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiment, employing a randomized block design with two replications, thoroughly explores genetic variability, correlation coefficients, path coefficient analysis, selection indices, and genetic divergence, centering on key agronomic traits. Notable findings include significant genetic variations among wheat genotypes, with traits like grain weight per main spike, biological yield, and 1000-grain weight displaying substantial levels of both genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation. The study identifies promising genotypes, such as JAU-2018-17, JAU-2018-18, and JAU-2018-19, for superior grain yield and yield-contributing characteristics. Correlation and path coefficient analyses underscore the pivotal role of biological yield and 1000-grain weight in directly influencing grain yield. The book also emphasizes the efficiency of selection indices based on biological yield and harvest index.

Rice (Oryza sp.) is consumed every day by half of the world¿s population and is a staple food in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). It constitutes a strategic food security crop of several countries in the SSA region. However, SSA experiences huge rice yield losses every year because of biotic stresses. Rice Yellow Mottle Virus (RYMV) disease, reported in Kenya 52 years ago, is a major biotic factor affecting rice production and continues to be an important viral disease in SSA. Strengthening rice varietal resilience to RYMV in Benin through the beneficial role of silicon and the genetic selection of intraspecific O. glaberrima lowland rice progenies was conducted to improve rice productivity in West Africa. I updated the geographical distribution of RYMV disease and accessed 102 rice farmer's perceptions on main rice production constraints in Benin. Later, I screened 79 improved aromatic and non-aromatic genotypes developed and introduced in Benin. These genotypes include the susceptible IR64 (O. sativa) and the resistant TOG5681 (O. glaberrima) as checks. Our results confirm O. glaberrima germplasm is an important source of resistance to RBe24 isolate of RYMV for breeding for resistance.

The book focuses on the emerging anti-aging approaches for maintaining better health in old age. It provides a current understanding of the underlying principle, possible targets, implementation approaches, and efficacy of the various anti-aging strategies. The chapters include a wide range of topics incorporating the major advances in anti-aging strategies, including telomerase activation, stem cell therapy, autophagy induction, sirtuin activation, and dietary restrictions. Further, it discusses the epigenetic mechanisms underlying aging-related processes and epigenetic strategies to delay and reverse aging-related diseases. The book covers the strategy based on tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for understanding the complexity of aging and restoring the functionalities of organ systems. It further presents the applications of melatonin supplementation-based anti-aging therapeutic intervention. Finally, the book reviews the ethical dimension of anti-aging intervention strategies. This book is immensely useful to scientists and researchers from various disciplines in the life sciences.

This book focuses on recent trends of research on alginate-based biomaterials in Drug Delivery strategies and biomedical engineering. It contains the widely used alginate-based biomaterials as micro to nano-controlled drug delivery (oral, ocular delivery, topical delivery, etc.) and its fabrication technology, characterization, and biomedical aspects (such as cancer therapy, tissue engineering, gene delivery, vaccine delivery, enzyme immobilization, wound healing, dental applications, etc.) in a single book. The chapters cover updated information, current research trends, informatics, and all aspects of applications. Alginate is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved natural biomaterial and has diverse biomedical applications. In recent years, researchers and scientists are working on the alginate-based drug delivery systems that have been designed and characterized as a matrix, micro to nanocarriers, fibers, composite/scaffolds, etc. Alginate has versatile properties such as biodegradable, biocompatible, nontoxic, and easily available. This book especially highlights both the drug delivery strategies and biomedical engineering aspects such as controlled drug delivery, drug targeting to the site of action, cancer therapy, gene and vaccine delivery, enzyme immobilization, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine.

This book elucidates the sustainable production of commercially important biomolecules in medicines, food, and beverage processing, through biological systems, including microorganisms, animal cells, plant cells, tissues, enzymes, and in vitro. It discusses promising technologies for the manipulation of cells including, genetic engineering, synthetic biology, genome editing, and metabolic engineering. The initial chapters of the book introduce topics on biomanufacturing, circular economy, strain design and improvement, upstream and downstream processing. The subsequent chapters cover artificial intelligence-assisted production, designer cell factories, biosensors for monitoring biomolecules, different cells factories, biosynthetic pathways, and genome editing approaches for scale-up biomanufacturing. Lastly, the book discusses the opportunities and challenges of implementing biological systems for the production of biomolecules.¿This book is a valuable source for students, researchers, scientists, clinicians, stakeholders, policymakers, and practitioners to understand biomanufacturing for the sustainable production of biomolecules.

Microbial Diversity in the Genomic Era: Functional Diversity and Community Analysis, Second Edition presents techniques used for microbial taxonomy and phylogeny, along with their applications and respective strengths and challenges. The book incorporates recently developed biosystematics methods and approaches to assess microbial taxonomy, with suitable recommendations for where to apply them across the range of bacterial identification and infectious disease research. Sections provide a broad overview of microbial genomics research and microbiome directed medicine and update on molecular tools for microbial diversity research, extremophilic microbial diversity, functional microbial diversity across application areas, microbial diversity and infectious disease research, and future directions. Step-by-step methodologies are provided for key techniques, along with applied case studies that break down recent research studies into practical components, thus illuminating pathways for new studies across the field.

This updated volume reflects new and evolved techniques to study detection, profiling, and manipulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants and animals. After overviews of how best to detect, identify, and validate microRNAs, the book continues by exploring state-of-the-art protocols for microRNA detection, approaches to profile the expression level of microRNAs, spatial expression analysis, describe in silico analysis of microRNAs and their targets, as well as protocols for functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets by CRISPR/Cas. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, MicroRNA Detection and Target Identification: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.