Neurovidenskab

Biomedical signals provide unprecedented insight into abnormal or anomalous neurological conditions. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system plays a key role in detecting neurological abnormalities and improving diagnosis and treatment consistency in medicine. This book covers different aspects of biomedical signals-based systems used in the automatic detection/identification of neurological disorders. Several biomedical signals are introduced and analyzed, including electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), magnetoencephalogram (MEG), and electromyogram (EMG). It explains the role of the CAD system in processing biomedical signals and the application to neurological disorder diagnosis. The book provides the basics of biomedical signal processing, optimization methods, and machine learning/deep learning techniques used in designing CAD systems for neurological disorders.

Sensory overload or under stimulation can be scary or frustrating for children. Help support your child with their sensory regulation with cups - yes cups! Simple explanations, quirky illustrations and skill-based activities make this workbook the perfect resource for children to understand and navigate their sensory experiences and difficulties.

Progress in Motor Control: From Neuroscience to Patient Outcomes updates the state-of-the-art of knowledge among scientists on basic and applied research on control of movements of biological systems through a clinical perspective. Motor control is a scientific area characterized by multidisciplinary approaches. This book promotes the application of this area into clinical practice. Chapters focus on topics in the field of motor control, including neural control of goal-oriented action, theories on rules of interaction during motor learning, and action coordination up to human and machine interaction. Edited by experts in the field, this book translates current theoretical outcomes into neuroscience and therapeutic solutions.

"Memory is far more than a record of the past. In this groundbreaking tour of the mind and brain, one of the world's top memory researchers reveals the powerful role memory plays in nearly every aspect of our lives, from recalling faces and names, to learning, decision-making, trauma and healing. A new understanding of memory is emerging from the latest scientific research. In Why We Remember, pioneering neuroscientist and psychologist Charan Ranganath radically reframes the way we think about the everyday act of remembering. Combining accessible language with cutting-edge research, he reveals the surprising ways our brains record the past and how we use that information to understand who we are in the present, and to imagine and plan for the future. Memory, Dr. Ranganath shows, is a highly transformative force that shapes how we experience the world in often invisible and sometimes destructive ways. Knowing this can help us with daily remembering tasks, like finding our keys, and with the challenge of memory loss as we age. What's more, when we work with the brain's ability to learn and reinterpret past events, we can heal trauma, shed our biases, learn faster, and grow in self-awareness. Including fascinating studies and examples from pop culture, and drawing on Ranganath's life as a scientist, father, and child of immigrants, Why We Remember is a captivating read that unveils the hidden role memory plays throughout our lives. When we understand its power-- and its quirks--we can cut through the clutter and remember the things we want to remember. We can make freer choices and plan a happier future"--

This book presents a comprehensive collection of current knowledge and leading research about the blood-brain barrier. The chapters are organized in four main parts providing basic information and novel insights about the physiology of the blood-brain barrier, the challenges related to finding and developing drugs crossing the blood-brain barrier, experimental methods to study the blood-brain barrier and the role of the blood-brain barrier in disease mechanisms and its consequences for drug development. In the first part the readers will discover the structure, function and developmental aspects of the blood-brain barrier and gain novel insights into the complexity and functionality of the neurovascular unit and energy metabolism of brain endothelial cells. Chapters of the second part focus on translational challenges from the bench to the bedside in CNS drug development, shed light on the importance to understand the brain distribution of drugs related to their efficacy, elaborate on general pharmacokinetic considerations for CNS drugs and introduce current and novel drug delivery strategies to overcome the blood-brain barrier. The experimental part of the book covers mathematical and in vitro models as well as animal and human methods in blood-brain barrier research. Specific emphasis is set on the description of the methods, the role of species differences for data interpretation, novel human models based on stem cells with the potential for personalized medicine and technical considerations and tips helpful for readers interested in working with these models. In the fourth part particular attentions is given to the blood-brain barrier, its changes and participation during disease progression. Chapters summarize alterations of the blood-brain barrier that are present in common disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy and brain tumors. Present therapies will be discussed and the consequences for novel treatment approaches that need to bypass the blood-brain-barrier will be explored. In addition, experts discuss the question in how far changes at the blood-brain barrier are causally linked to disease progressions and consequently could serve as therapeutic targets. This collection is designed to appeal to a wide readership from students through basic and applied scientist to pharmacologists, medical doctors and stakeholders from the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory affairs. Due its comprehensive content the book has the potential to become a standard work in the field of blood-brain barrier research.

This book provides an understanding of people's accessibility needs, and the barriers that may affect people with different identities and circumstances (e.g. different levels of mobility, age, etc.) to alleviate any act of disabling a person and thus offer equal quality of life in the design of stadia. A lack of knowledge exists for stadia concerning demographics, specific accessibility and inclusive design solutions, available movement and behavioural data, and how future growth in attending disabled populations may affect the overall safety of circulation and evacuation in stadia. To address these needs a data collection and modelling were performed and are described in this book. The book recognizes that stadia design is at a revolutionary stage of advancement. Automated data collection technologies and methodologies are described where the authors work towards presentation of big data which can be used for future refinement of modelling technologies and AI routines.

Refer to the schematic.Think of this as an overview (flyover).We are going to see what happens in the human brain at that point of connection between the artist and the observer using artwork as data. The artwork was done by me over several years (1980 at least > 42 years). I said in 2002 after I retired that I was going to do brain research: The Effects of Aging on Creativity and Expression.Let's look at the Artist:We all have life's experiences and they are different for each person. These experiences are taken into the brain by way of the senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch etc. These experiences are stored in the brain as memories/thoughts. Stimuli presented through the senses cause the mind to see similarities (pattern recognition) between the stimuli and the stored memories/thoughts to recall the memories/thoughts from the brain and with the mind/personality (lights up) acts out to produce an artwork. Another way of looking at this is that the mind is an expression of the brain and the personality is expressed by the mind. The person loves that, finds pleasure in that, has to have that, and acts out producing the artwork. He makes it happen.The artist has now produced an artwork. He found pleasure in the memory that caused the mind to recall that and expressed it through the personality.The brain/mind/personality complex are self-awareness. Acting out to produce a tangible creation is consciousness. It is an action outside of the self.The artwork can be a poem, painting or even a concept that an engineer designs to solve a problem.The artist has now produced an artwork. He found pleasure in the memory that caused the mind to recall that and expressed it through the personality.The Observer:An observer comes along and he loves that artwork (lights up), finds pleasure in it, wants that, and makes it happen, He buys the artwork. There is then some sort of empathy going on between the artist and observer. That empathy I call the "Draw" or "Pull" common to both the artist and the observer.

Human beings have long been intrigued by the brain, the organ whose functions include regulating the body's metabolism, controlling movement, generating thought, and storing memories. Topics covered in A Short History of the Brain include prehistoric brain surgery; the discoveries made by Islamic scholars during the medieval period; why Renaissance artists incorporated brain imagery into their paintings; how the electric eel stimulated brain research during the Enlightenment; the impact of evolutionary theory on concepts of brain function in the 19th century; the role Sigmund Freud played in the development of neurology; the invention of the brain scan; how we came to understand ourselves as 'neurochemical selves' in the 21st century. Based on his acclaimed BBC Radio 4 series, Geoff Bunn's A Short History of the Brain will fascinate anyone interested in learning how we embarked on the journey to understand the most complex entity in the known universe.

This detailed volume features techniques to explore the complex interface that separates the systemic circulation from the central nervous system, known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Beginning with an introduction to its physiology, the book continues with sections on using pluripotent stem cells in models of the BBB, co-culture, permeability and transwell models, microfluidic and chip models, as well as models to study specific BBB pathologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The Blood-Brain Barrier: Methods and Protocols collects a wide range of methodologies which will aid all researchers in the fascinating world of the blood-brain barrier.

"Memory is far more than a record of the past. In this groundbreaking tour of the mind and brain, one of the world's top memory researchers reveals the powerful role memory plays in nearly every aspect of our lives, from recalling faces and names, to learning, decision-making, trauma and healing. A new understanding of memory is emerging from the latest scientific research. In Why We Remember, pioneering neuroscientist and psychologist Charan Ranganath radically reframes the way we think about the everyday act of remembering. Combining accessible language with cutting-edge research, he reveals the surprising ways our brains record the past and how we use that information to understand who we are in the present, and to imagine and plan for the future. Memory, Dr. Ranganath shows, is a highly transformative force that shapes how we experience the world in often invisible and sometimes destructive ways. Knowing this can help us with daily remembering tasks, like finding our keys, and with the challenge of memory loss as we age. What's more, when we work with the brain's ability to learn and reinterpret past events, we can heal trauma, shed our biases, learn faster, and grow in self-awareness. Including fascinating studies and examples from pop culture, and drawing on Ranganath's life as a scientist, father, and child of immigrants, Why We Remember is a captivating read that unveils the hidden role memory plays throughout our lives. When we understand its power-- and its quirks--we can cut through the clutter and remember the things we want to remember. We can make freer choices and plan a happier future"--

This volume explores the dynamic topic of tight junctions. The book focuses on tight junctions' role in sealing adjacent epithelial cells in a narrow band just beneath their apical surface. The book explains how tight junctions consist of a network of claudins and other proteins, and delves into how they hold cells together and form functional and protective barriers, regulating the passage of molecules and ions through the space between cells.The book opens with a discussion of the evolution of research on tight junctions, discussing a range of primary areas of growth, including the current knowledge on the particular physiological function of different claudins due to the development of an array of knock out mice. The chapters also explore in-depth studies of tight junctions in specific tissues (gut, lung and endothelia). This book offers a comprehensive understanding on post-translational modifications of occludin and its impact on tight junction function, as well as the molecular composition and function of tricellular tight junctions. This volume is particularly relevant to students and scientists in neuroscience, cell biology, physiology, cell differentiation, and cancer research.

Neurogenetics for the Practitioner provides clinicians with a navigation tool to help diagnose and treat patients with neurological disorders using neurogenetics. Sections introduce the reader to an overview of genetic principles, including practical applications in relation to diagnosis and current limitations. Additional chapters highlight how to workup patients presenting with certain features, including cerebral palsy/intellectual disability, congenital muscular dystrophy, cognitive decline/dementia, peripheral neuropathy, and paroxysmal disorder. The final section explores therapeutic strategies based on genetic interventions and genetic counselling options. This internationally contributed book will become the essential reference guide for neurologists.

Dystonia, Volume 169, the latest release in the International Review of Neurobiology serial, highlights new advances in the field with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on topics including Clinical Features and the Science of Classification, What Can Epidemiological Studies Tell us About the Neurobiology of Dystonia, Dystonia Genes and Their Biological Pathways, Functional Anatomy of Dystonia, Physiology of Dystonia: Human Studies, Physiology of Dystonia: Animal Studies, Experimental Pharmacology: Targeting Neurotransmitters, Experimental Pharmacology: Targeting Metabolic Pathways, Adult-Onset Focal Dystonias: One Biology or Many?, Early-Onset Inherited vs Late-Onset Idiopathic Dystonias: Same or Different Biological Mechanisms?, and much more.

Dieses essential thematisiert die Auswirkungen der Klimakrise, indem es verschiedene Forschungszweige aus Psychologie und Neurowissenschaft integriert. Der Klimawandel hat massive Auswirkungen auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit der Menschen. Das essential beschreibt die Veränderungen von Gehirnfunktion und -struktur durch Umwelteinflüsse und erläutert den Einfluss ökologischer Nischen auf die Evolution des Gehirns. Der Kernteil des Buches beschäftigt sich mit den Auswirkungen der Klimakrise auf psychische Gesundheit, präsentiert Handlungsstrategien in der Gesundheitsversorgung und gibt schließlich einen Ausblick in die Zukunft der Klimaneurowissenschaften.

Many people living with epilepsy also suffer from debilitating psychiatric and cognitive disorders. While these comorbidities have been recognized for centuries, their causation, and relationship to the epilepsy remains clouded in mystery. This volume highlights recent knowledge and findings as well as controversies in our current understanding of behavioral and psychiatric comorbidities of epilepsy.

This new edition fully updates and expands Faro and Mohamed¿s Functional Neuroradiology, a gold standard, comprehensive introduction to the state-of-the-art functional imaging in neuroradiology, including the physical principles and clinical applications of Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. With chapters written by internationally distinguished neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and physicists, Functional Neuroradiology is divided into 12 major sections, including: Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging, Multi-Modality Functional Neuroradiology, BOLD Functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Presurgical Brain Tumor Mapping, Emerging neuroimaging techniques, Functional Spine and Hydrocephalus imaging, and Neuroanatomical Gray and Whitematter Brain Atlases. This second edition is fully updated throughout and includes more than 15 new chapters on topics such as: Brain tumor Radiogenomics, CNS Tumor Surveillance and Functional MR Perfusion Imaging, CNS Machine Learning, Focused Ultrasound therapy, TBI Sports Related Injury, and CNS Lymphatic system. By offering readers a complete overview of functional imaging modalities and techniques currently used in patient diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technology, Functional Neuroradiology is a vital information source for physicians and cognitive neuroscientists involved in daily practice and research.

Una explicación del posible mecanismo neural de la conciencia.

This book transposes the 'free-energy principle', as espoused by the neuroscientist Karl Friston, to strategic governance, and forming the new concept of Free-Energy Governance (FEG). This concept lays the foundation for a new logic of governing continuous transformation. In addition to guiding the structure, cognition, and capabilities of success in strategic renewal, FEG provides a systematic and practice-relevant approach to predicting a firm's potential for entropy.Using this new concept, the author shows that the success of continuous strategic renewal and business innovation, elements crucial for firm survival, are determined by the triplet of a firm's structure, cognition, and dynamic board capabilities. "e;How to govern large organizations in times of high uncertainty and permanent change? To answer this pressing question, ... Bijan Khezri has been the first to apply [the free energy] principle to management science ... This book is an eyeopener for every reflective leader.*Professor Oliver Gassmann, Director of the Institute of Management and Technology, University of St. Gallen"e;I really enjoyed reading this book. It was both exciting and reassuring to see how the same fundamental ideas can be found in fields as disparate as nonequilibrium steady-state physics and theories of governance."e;Professor Karl. J. Friston; Director of the Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging"e;Using a term often applied to best-selling novels, 'it is a page turner' in which I learned something new in every chapter! Every board member, all executives and scholars interested in strategic leadership and governance must read this book if they wish to remain relevant in the coming transformational decades."e;Michael A. Hitt University Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Mays Business School, Texas A&M UniversityFormer President, Academy of Management, and former Editor, Academy of Management Journal"e;We could not ask for a better author to initiate this new conversation in the board research community and convey its merits to the world of board practice."e;Martin HilbProfessor Emeritus, University of St. GallenFounder and Managing Partner, International Board Foundation and President of Swiss Institute of Directors"e;Set against a wide swath of literature, the book impressively makes the case for a new logic of strategic renewal in which the board of directors plays a central role."e;Professor Constance E. Helfat, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth

How does consciousness emerge from a brain that consists only of physical matter and electrical / chemical reactions? The deep mysteries of consciousness have plagued philosophers and scientists for thousands of years. This book approaches the problem through scientific studies that shed light on the neural mechanism of consciousness, and furthermore, delves into the possibility of artificial consciousness, a phenomenon that may ultimately solve the mystery. Finally, two key suggestions made in the book, namely, a method to test machine consciousness and a theory hypothesizing that consciousness emerges from a neural algorithm, reveal a novel and credible pathway to mind-uploading.The original Japanese version of this book has become a best-seller in popular neuroscience and has even led to a neurotech startup for mind-uploading.

Although pain is widely recognized by clinicians and researchers as an experience, pain is always felt in a patient-specific way rather than experienced for what it objectively is, making perceived meaning important in the study of pain. The book contributors explain why meaning is important in the way that pain is felt and promote the integration of quantitative and qualitative methods to study meanings of pain. For the first time in a book, the study of the meanings of pain is given the attention it deserves.All pain research and medicine inevitably have to negotiate how pain is perceived, how meanings of pain can be described within the fabric of a person's life and neurophysiology, what factors mediate them, how they interact and change over time, and how the relationship between patient, researcher, and clinician might be understood in terms of meaning.Though meanings of pain are not intensively studied in contemporary pain research or thoroughly described as part of clinical assessment, no pain researcher or clinician can avoid asking questions about how pain is perceived or the types of data and scientific methods relevant in discovering the answers.

This volume covers the detection of structural variants (SVs), which require different strategies than the ones used for single nucleotide variants (SNVs). This book aims to provide readers with a combination of the latest "wet lab" methods and computational pipelines that target all SV classes. The chapters in this book cover topics such as detection of transposable elements (TEs) from short read data; long read sequencing used for multiple variable number tandem repeat analysis; genomic mosaicism in the nervous system; and optical genome mapping. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Genomic Structural Variants in Nervous System Disorders is a valuable resource for scientists and researchers interested in learning more about this important field.

This volume looks at the framework in which different scientific disciplines are integrated into the latest studies in behavioral neurogenetics, and covers new approaches toward understanding the system that controls behavior across the animal kingdom. Chapters in this book cover topics such as mapping brain-wide mesoscale connectome from single animals with BRICseq; gut microbes and Drosophila behavior; bioassaying the function of pheromones in Drosophila melanogaster¿s social behavior; automated behavior analysis using a YOLO-based object detection system; and proteomic analysis of C. elegans neurons using TurboID-based proximity labeling. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and practical, Behavioral Neurogenetics is a valuable resource for experienced and novice researchers interested in learning more about this field and its future developments.

As lifespans increase, more people around the world find themselves victims of chronic pain. In spite of this, treatment options continue to be severely limited. Anti-inflammatory drugs can only do so much, while painkillers like opioids have led to crippling addictions and fatal overdoses. The subject of the book is the role of immune cells, including glial cells, and neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain. The book begins by examining the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the involvement of non-neuronal cells in chronic pain. It discusses the interactions between non-neuronal cells and neurons in the regulation of chronic pain. It then presents the implications of these findings, including promising and emerging treatments such as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs, such as resolvins and protectins), immune cell therapy, and complementary and alternative medicine, as well as neuromodulation and regenerative medicine, which may prove to be theturning point for hundreds of millions of patients world-wide who struggle to escape from the shadow of chronic pain. The book presents ground-breaking research that will alter current perspectives on chronic pain.

Explores the neurophysiology of decision-making and the mechanisms behind procrastination, discussing the applications of the LATER model. This is essential reading for psychologists, cognitive neuroscientists, neurophysiologists interested in decision-making in addition to being highly valued by clinicians and medical students.