Neurovidenskab: celler og molekyler

Exposure of patients to a high oxygen environment is a standard treatment in a select group of patients. The development of oxygen toxicity must be avoided in those patients. This book describes the effects of normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen treatment of animal models on brain biochemical and physiological responses. This book provides a summary of our knowledge on the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on mitochondrial activity in vivo, and other functions of the brain. A chapter covering the use of hyperbaric hyperoxia in patients¿ brain pathology and care is also included. This is an ideal book for students, research groups, and clinicians studying hyperbaric oxygen and its connection to mitochondrial activity and brain physiological functions.

This volume explores the latest techniques used to study the human brain towards understanding Alzheimer¿s Disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. Contributed to by world-renowned experts, the chapters in this book are divided into five parts. Part One discusses human post-mortem brain preparations including single-cell isolation and use of specialized imaging. Part Two talks about neural cellular models using primary and human induced pluripotent stem cells to model aspects of the human brain. Part Three details nucleic acid analyses including transcriptomic and somatic genomic changes, and Part Four discusses lipid analyses via mass spectrometry. Lastly, Part Five covers protein analyses, particularly Aß and Tau. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Alzheimer¿s Disease: Methods and Protocols is a valuable tool for all researchers who want to expand their knowledge and understanding of this disease and other related dementias.

This collection provides methods and techniques employed when culturing, manipulating, quantifying, and functionally assessing retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), vital for better understanding various ocular diseases and for developing novel therapies. The book features exhaustive and detailed protocols for the study of RGCs at both the in vitro and in vivo level, including the culture of rodent and human cells, and immunohistochemical, morphological, and functional assessments of various in vivo models of RGC death. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Retinal Ganglion Cells: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to these important cellularfeatures of the central nervous system and the many traumatic and degenerative blinding diseases that affect them.

This book reviews the role of trace elements in brain development, function, metabolism, and neurodegenerative disorders. It explores the molecular mechanisms of the effects of trace elements on metabolic pathways, mitochondrial nutrients, neurodegeneration, Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders, cell signaling, and neuronal functions. The book also discusses transport mechanisms of trace elements within CNS and their impact on neurotransmitter biology. Further, it examines the deleterious effects due to dyshomeostasis of trace elements in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in damage to neurons and glial cells through the generation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress turn leading to neurodegeneration and neurological dysfunction. The book also explores the putative role of trace element deficiency in psychiatric disorders, including depression, and the imbalance of trace elements on neuronal genomic stability.

Den mikroskopiske verden er super spændende og fuld af vidt forskellige bakterierNår du kigger i et mikroskop, er det som at se ind i en anden verden fuld af sære, urolige væsener, der opfører og bevæger sig sært.Disse mystiske mikrober findes alle vegne - omkring os, på os, og inden i os. Vi lever fredeligt sammen med nogle af dem, og vi er i krig med andre.Nogle af de skabninger, du møder i denne bog, er væmmelige og farlige, mens andre er helt fantastiskeDu kan for eksempel læse om de bakterier, som får dig til at prutte, de mider, som lever i dine øjenvipper, samt den stygge form for svamp, der nærmest forvandler myrer til zombier!Tjek i ordlisten bagerst i bogen, hvis du ser ord, du ikke ved, hvad betyder.

This handbook is a reference source for identifying, characterizing, instructing on use, and describing outcomes of neurotoxin treatments ¿ to understand mechanisms associated with toxin use; to project outcomes of neurotoxin treatments; to gauge neurotoxins as predictors of events leading to neurodegenerative disorders and as aids to rational use of neurotoxins to model disease entities. Neuroprotection is approached in different manners including those 1) afforded by therapeutic agents ¿ clinical and preclinical; or 2) by non-drug means, such as exercise. The amorphous term ¿neurotoxin¿ is discussed in terms of the possible eventuality of a neuroprotectant producing an outcome of excess neuronal survival and a behavioral spectrum that might produce a dysfunction ¿ akin to a neurotoxin¿s effect. This new edition significantly expands on the information provided in the first edition, providing the latest research in neurotoxicity and highlighting the relationship between specificneurotoxins and the neurodegenerative disorders they can cause. It also includes new sections on the neurotoxicity of heavy metals, fungi, and snake venom. The Handbook of Neurotoxicity is thus an instructive and valuable guide towards understanding the role of neurotoxins/neurotoxicity in the expansive field of Neuroscience, and is an indispensable tool for laboratory investigators, neuroscientists, and clinical researchers.