Cellebiologi (cytologi)

The integument plays an important role in the survival of meta- zoans by separating and protecting them from a hostile environ- ment. Its function ranges from protection against injury and in- fection; partlcipation in the regulation of body temperature and water balance, to respiratory activity, monitoring of the environ- ment and production of signals related to behaviour. All these result from specific structural, biochemical and physiological properties of intra-and extracellular components of the integu- ment. Thus its characterization can be best accomplished by a multidisciplinary approach with authors specialized in different fields of science. This multi-author book, in two volumes, provides an up-to- date survey of the literature. The first volume deals with the integument of invertebrates, the second with that of vertebrates, both organized primarily on a phylum basis. As the level of knowledge on the integument of phyla differs considerably, the information provided is correspondingly either limited or con- densed. For some of the smaller groups of invertebrates little information is available, as often only a few electron micrographs are to be found in the literature; on the other hand, from the large body of knowledge existing for vertebrates, particularly for mammals, no complete overview can be provided, but publica- tions giving access to further information have been reviewed critically.

The ongoing debate on the use of DNA profiles to identify perpetrators in criminal investigations or fathers in paternity disputes has too often been conducted with no regard to sound statistical, genetic or legal reasoning. The contributors to Human Identification: The Use of DNA Markers all have considerable experience in forensic science, statistical genetics or jurimetrics, and many of them have had to explain the scientific issues involved in using DNA profiles to judges and juries. Although the authors hold differing views on some of the issues, they have all produced accounts which pay due attention to the, sometimes troubling, issues of independence of components of the profiles and of population substructures. The book presents the considerable evolution of ideas that has occurred since the 1992 Report of the National Research Council of the U.S. Audience: Indispensable to forensic scientists, laying out the concepts to all those with an interest in the use of genetic information. The chapters and exhaustive bibliography are vital information for all lawyers who must prosecute or defend DNA cases, and to judges trying such cases.

Biomedical Engineering Program between Rutgers University and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey entitled "e;Biopolymers"e; and "e;Patho- biology"e; during the past 15 years. It is our hope that this book will provide the reader with all the infor- mation necessary to understand the complexity of the biological reactions that are set into motion by implantation of a material or a device. We hope that this book will provide a framework for thinking about implant interactions with bio- logical systems. Although the field of studying pathobiological responses to im- plants is still in its infancy, we are now more aware of acute and chronic con- ditions that generate inflammatory responses as a result of wear debris, activation of complement, and acute hypersensitivity. As we learn more concerning these responses, it is hoped that our ability to design implants will also improve. We encourage readers to send to us any suggestions of additional topics that they would like to see covered in our book. Frederick H. Silver David L.

In 1994, when the International Cell Death Society was founded, programmed cell death and apoptosis had just recently been recognized as major factors in medicine, important in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, and developmental anomalies. The biomedical world had accepted the idea that most cells do not die by accident: under specific conditions, they commit suicide, leading either to protection of the organism or damage to it. In the last 20 years, we have come to understand a great deal about cell death. It is a major research field, and one that is considered in all medical research. In this book, many of the pioneers and leading researchers recount, in often personal terms, how their particular specialties developed, where the field is today, and what it promises for the future, both in our understanding of human and animal development and for our control of these diseases and even of viral infection. The authors address apoptosis, programmed cell death, necroptosis, autophagy, and many other versions of cell death. This comprehensive work presents the state of the art in the field, yet is written in language that makes it accessible to specialists, to students, and to non-specialists interested in understanding the field. As a resource for the history of the field as well as for its current status and the direction into which research is heading, it serve as a standard for many years.

Inflammasome Biology: Fundamentals, Role in Disease States, and Therapeutic Opportunities is a complete reference on the role of inflammasomes in health and disease. Sections cover the different types of inflammasomes, including cellular signaling, structural and evolutive aspects, overview the role of inflammasomes in key diseases, microbial infections and human body systems conditions, cover the interplay between Inflammasomes and cell death processes, and discuss current therapeutic opportunities driven by inflammasome research, including targeting, blocking and inhibiting the development of inflammasomes through both synthetic and natural compounds. This book is the perfect reference for cell biologists, immunologists and research clinicians to understand the foundations of inflammasomes and explore the therapeutic opportunities they present. Pharma researchers may also find this reference invaluable in devising new approaches to developing anti-inflammatory drugs.

The book provides a comprehensive review of apoptotic cell death. It discusses the mechanism of apoptosis and emerging principles of drug resistance in cancer. The development of novel drug targets and drug delivery systems for inhibiting or inducing apoptosis are the ultimate goal. Further, upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins and loss of pro-apoptotic proteins strongly favors apoptosis evasion. The ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis is critical for the progression and clonal expansion of malignantly transformed cells. Defective apoptosis imparts proliferative advantage to cancer cells or cells with the potential to become cancerous. The mechanisms employed by cancer cells to evade apoptosis can be used in the strategic design of therapeutic regimens aimed at exploiting apoptotic signaling networks to ensure tumor-specific cell death. This book presents knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of defective apoptosis that could be translated into the development of novel therapeutic agents and therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment.

Droplets of Life: Membrane-Less Organelles, Biomolecular Condensates, and Biological Liquid¿Liquid Phase Separation provides foundational information on the biophysics, biogenesis, structure, functions, and roles of membrane-less organelles. The study of liquid¿liquid phase separation has attracted a lot of attention from disciplines such as cell biology, biophysics, biochemistry, and others trying to understand how, why, and what roles these condensates play in homeostasis and disease states in living organisms. This book's editor recruited a group of international experts to provide a current and authoritative overview of all aspects associated with this exciting area. Sections introduce membrane-less organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates; MLOs in different sizes, shapes, and composition; and the formation of MLOs due to phase separation and how it can tune reactions, organize the intracellular environment, and provide a role in cellular fitness..

This volume presents the latest collection of immunophenotypic techniques and applications used in research and clinical settings. Chapters in this book cover topics such as constructions of high dimensions fluorescence and mass cytometry panels; fluorescence barcoding; using dried or lyophilized reagents; and immunophenotypic examples of specific cell types. The book concludes with a discussion on the critical roles of quality control and immunophenotyping in the clinical environment. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Immunophenotyping: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for any researchers, clinician, or scientist interested in learning more about this evolvingfield.

Lebewesen unterscheiden sich durch ihre chemische Basis. Somit ist das Wissen um die Eigenschaften der Elemente und die Wechselwirkungen der daraus entstehenden Verbindungen Voraussetzung fur das Verstandnis der Biologie. Die Chemie beantwortet die Fragen, warum unter den ber 100 Elementen des Periodensystems (PSE) der Kohlenstoff und nicht das Silicium das dominierende Element in der Biologie ist und warum Edelmetalle, wie Gold und Silber, keine Rolle spielen. Das PSE gibt Auskunft darber, warum die Phosphorsure und nicht die Schwefelsure als Brcke in den Polynucleinsuren fungiert und warum sich die DNA aus der RNA entwickeln musste. Gleichzeitig macht nur die Chemie deutlich, warum die D-Glucose so zentral beim Aufbau von Biopolymeren wie Cellulose und Glycogen ist und weshalb der Citratzyklus in sich logisch geschlossen und alternativlos ist. Biochemie ist ebenfalls eine Synthesechemie, die sich von der menschengemachten"e; Synthesechemie nur"e; hinsichtlich der Rahmenbedingungen unterscheidet. Aus der Vielzahl der Elemente des PSE und der fast unendlichen Anzahl von chemischen Verbindungen werden einzelne selektiert. Die Selektion erfolgt aufgrund der Umweltbedingungen auf der Erde, wie moderate Temperaturen, vorzugsweise Atmosphrendruck, Lsungsmittel Wasser und als primrer Reaktionspartner Sauerstoff.Es wird die Hypothese entwickelt, dass der Leitgedanke der modernen Biologie, die Evolutionstheorie, ihre Wurzeln in der zugrundeliegenden Chemie hat. Damit wird der Darwinismus vom biologischen Kopf auf die chemischen Fe gestellt. Zum Beispiel ist die Wirkung von Phenolen als Radikalfnger a priori chemisch, ehe daraus biologische Phnomene als Distinktionsunterschiede bei farbigen Bltenpflanzen evolvieren konnten. Das Buch entwickelt eine vllig neue, chemiezentrierte Sicht auf die belebte Natur"e; und fordert zu einer vernderten, biologisch orientierten Chemiedidaktik in Schulen und Universitten heraus.

The third edition of this handbook offers clinicians and laboratory technicians a quick, authoritative, and fully up-to-date overview of fluid diagnostics for convenient reference.enient reference.

During the last 40 years, the study of the biological basis of aging has progressed tremendously, and it has now become an independent and respectable field of study and research. The essential cause of aging is molecular damage that slowly overwhelms cellular and organismic defense, repair and maintenance systems. In recent years, a wealth of highly sophisticated research has transformed this idea from a credible hypothesis not only to a major theory, but essentially to accepted knowledge. Aging at the Molecular Level examines the key elements in this transformation. Bringing together contributions from an international team of authors, this volume will be of interest to graduates and postgraduates in the fields of medicine and nursing, researchers of different aspects of biogerontology and those in the pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical and health-care industry.

Navigating safely through a wealth of genome, protein and metabolite information, as well as a host of information processing tools, without getting lost is crucial for successful research in - and teaching of - molecular biology.This concise, easy-to-follow textbook/guide serves as a valuable introduction to contemporary cell biology for readers and offers insight into the key research directions in the field. It begins with an overview of existing tools for finding, designing and investigating metabolic, genetic, signalling and other network databases. This practical guide then introduces Cell Illustrator®, a software tool for biological pathway modelling and simulation, developed by the authors. In-depth discussion reveals how this tool can be used for creating, analyzing and simulating biological models, thereby explicating and testing current understanding of basic biological processes. Readers do not require prior knowledge of differential equations or programming.Features:¿ Provides many helpful learning aids, such as detailed examples throughout, and exercises and solutions¿ Designed and structured to be part of a semester-long course¿ Discusses the computational functionalities required for Systems Biology¿ Addresses practical issues surrounding software tools¿ Introduces the current big bio-databases such as TRANSPATH® by Biobase, and explains why and how they can be used to develop and support systems biology research¿ Explains important pathway databases and software tools, together with their related concepts¿ Guides the reader to model pathways in a step-by-step and clear manner>Written for undergraduates, this reader-friendly introduction to the field of Systems Biologyoffers insight and teaches sound expertise in the subject. It will also prove valuable to graduate students and professionals wishing to develop and support their systems-biology research.

This edited volume contains a selection of chapters that are an outgrowth of the - ropean Conference on Mathematical and Theoretical Biology (ECMTB05, Dresden, Germany, July 2005). The peer-reviewed contributions show that mathematical and computational approaches are absolutely essential for solving central problems in the life sciences, ranging from the organizational level of individual cells to the dynamics of whole populations. The contributions indicate that theoretical and mathematical biology is a diverse and interdisciplinary ?eld, ranging from experimental research linked to mathema- cal modeling to the development of more abstract mathematical frameworks in which observations about the real world can be interpreted, and with which new hypotheses for testing can be generated. Today, much attention is also paid to the development of ef?cient algorithms for complex computation and visualisation, notably in molecular biology and genetics. The ?eld of theoretical and mathematical biology and medicine has profound connections to many current problems of great relevance to society. The medical, industrial, and social interests in its development are in fact indisputable.

Since the discovery of chemokines and of chemokine receptors it has become evident that expression of chemokines at the site of inflammation may regulate the composition of cellular infiltrate, thereby directing the type of immune response. Recently, the molecular characterization of inherited disorders of immune system, (e.g., Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, WHIM syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency), which are characterized by cytoskeleton/adhesion defects or by altered response of chemokine receptors has contributed to clarifying the key players of immune response in normal physiology and in disease. This book, which deals with the description of the role of chemokines in immune response and underlines potential targets of therapeutical intervention, offers a series of contributions of the most challenging aspects of lymphocyte migration in homeostasis and in disease.