Botanik

Elaeis guineensis is the scientific name for oil palm. It is also referred to as African oil palm as well as macaw fat. The industry is undoubtedly one of the most important commercial businesses in the world at present. The high oil yield of oil palms has made it a common cooking ingredient in Southeast Asia and the tropical belt of Africa. There are many new technologies hailed and explored to maintain the sustainability of the palm oil industry. This book provides an overview of these aspects while providing information on managing the gaps and voids of the industry in order to sustain its viability and feasibility. It is hoped that this book will provide valuable information to academics, industry personnel, manufacturers, and other categories of stakeholders of the palm oil industry alike.

This volume focuses upon pollen cryopreservation in various crops from the most widely cultivated tomato to the lesser known medicinal species like Decalepis arayalpatra. Chapters detail standard techniques such as pollen collection, cryopreservation, pollen , germination tests for viability, and specific crops. Step-by-step protocols are complemented by personal notes, precautions, and specifying the reagents to be used in each step to ensure the repeatability of the procedure across labs. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Pollen Cryopreservation Protocols aims to serve as reference for researchers studying plant breeding and plant conservation biology.

This book provides new insight and a better understanding of nanotechnology in mitigating crop biotic stresses.It covers crop diseases and different nano-based management strategies used to manage pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes damaging crops. Nanoparticles have the potential to revolutionize crop yield and can control plant biotic stress. Nanotechnology in plant pathology is a new frontier among various nanotechnological applications. Nanotechnology applications include the development of nano-based pesticides and nanoformulations of chemicals for crop improvement by reducing biotic stress. Different nanomaterials like ZnONPs, SiO2NPs, CuONPs, AgNPs, and TiO2NPs have been examined for their impacts on plant growth and biotic stress management. This book deals with the advanced use of nanotechnology in managing the biotic stress of crops and improving crop production. It covers these issues and many more. Each chapter focus on one particular topic. Incorporate chapters provide detailed information on nanotechnology and may help in future research. This book will be useful for researchers, professors, and postgraduate and undergraduate students, especially concerning agriculture and plant pathology.

Industrial crops offer farmers new market opportunities to increase their revenue by producing high-value products, focusing on fiber, forest, and energy crops, industrial oilseeds, rubber and resins, pharmaceuticals, and more. Technological innovations in agriculture have facilitated higher yields, but conserving crop genetic resources and diversity remains crucial for sustainable agricultural production. This poses a challenge that can be addressed through modern tools of biotechnology and genomics, utilizing the wealth of sequenced plant genomes. This book addresses the need for knowledge in managing the risks and conservation of genetic diversity associated with advanced technology. It provides comprehensive coverage of plant genomics and biotechnology, catering to post-graduate students, researchers, employees of seed and biotechnology companies, as well as instructors in plant genetics, breeding, and biotechnology fields.

This book explains the advancements of plant biotechnology and advanced molecular biology and explores the details of influential tools that complement conventional breeding and accelerate the development of plants resilient to adverse agroclimatic conditions and biofortified plants. Plant biotechnology from the basic sciences to current applications, such as pathway engineering, precursor feeding, transformation, elicitation with biotic and abiotic elicitors, and scaling up in bioreactors, have been included in these chapters to improve the production of secondary metabolites from different medicinal plants. It also highlights important factors often overlooked by methodologies used to develop plants' tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and in developing special foods, bio-chemicals, and pharmaceuticals. This book is valuable for researchers or students working on biosciences. It is also an updated and advanced reference material for the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries.

This thorough volume presents a wide range of existing methods, from the very popular to the more exotic, in the area of plant genotyping. Many methods of plant genotyping were initially developed for medical research, but all genotyping methods, if they are to be successful, should be suitable for application across the full range of studies within plant biology, as seen in this collection. Plant genotyping methods herein are based on a variety of assessments, including DNA microarray, with its hundreds of thousands of simultaneous reactions, or separate individual studies of DNA sequencing and fragment analysis, PCR and qPCR, allele-specific molecular probes and primers, digestion with restriction endonucleases, microscopy and many others. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Plant Genotyping: Methods and Protocols offers researchers the opportunity to update their knowledge and choose the most suitable method of plant genotyping for their chosen application.

This detailed volume explores the development of technologies and protocols that are currently being used to understand the nature and activities of the plant cytoskeleton. A focus for many of the chapters is on sample preparation, as the quality of plant organ/tissue preparation, from single to multicellular samples, determines the quality of the data. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, The Plant Cytoskeleton: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for researchers interested in or starting to be interested in plant cell and molecular biology research.

Evapotranspiration in Agro-Ecosystems and Forestry: Spatio-temporal Applications presents the progress and advances made in terms of science and application of evaporation, transpiration, and evapotranspiration for various vegetation surfaces, water bodies, and bare soil under different soil and crop management (including different irrigation and tillage management) conditions. Sections on forest and wetlands evapotranspiration and grassland evaporative losses are included, as are the fundamentals of original Penman, Penman-Monteith, Shuttleworth-Wallace and ASCE-EWRI and FAO56 Penman-Monteith equations and their derivatives. The book is an excellent resource to better understand the progression and applications and dynamics of most recent evapotranspiration, evaporation and transpiration measurement and modeling technologies. Case studies will be provided in terms of how different technologies are currently deployed, how data are used for providing information and management decisions to the users.

Las poblaciones vegetales constituyen en muchos casos, fuentes importantes de recursos en los aspectos agropecuarios, forestales, recreativos y como refugio de fauna, por ello, su estudio es un aspecto necesario a abordar. Dentro de las características de las poblaciones de plantas en general, la densidad y distribución son importantes. La presente obra constituye el primer estudio demográfico de la especie. Para el presente estudio se escogieron 25 parcelas al azar de una hectárea cada una, para un total de 25 ha muestreadas. Se comprobó que Gaussia spirituana vive en poblaciones de distribución agrupada. Este resultado resulta crucial por cuanto la distribución agrupada clasifica como una estrategia de supervivencia muy exitosa.

Food ripening sweetens foods such as fruits and makes them tastier, more aromatic, and more nutritious. To achieve the beneficial results of food ripening in a controlled manner, agronomic engineers, food industry engineers, and scientists use state-of-the-art technologies. This book, New Discoveries in the Ripening Processes, presents a comprehensive overview of the food ripening process. It is organized into seven chapters that address discoveries in the ripening of fruits, plants, enzymes, and much more.

In allen seinen Teilgebieten weist Mitteleuropa eine beachtliche natur- und kulturlandschaftliche Vielfalt auf, die unser Erleben draußen enorm bereichert. Vom Hochgebirge bis zur Küste laden äußerst unterschiedliche Lebensraum-Ensembles zur aktiven Erkundung ein. Erfahren Sie in diesem Buch u.a.·      wie die zurückliegenden Eiszeiten Gletschertore geschaffen und die Landschaft im Voralpenland modelliert haben·      wo in Norddeutschland noch vor etwa 10000 Jahren die Vereisungsgrenzen verliefen·      was entlang von Fließgewässern vom kleinen Gebirgsbach bis zum großen Strom zu beobachten ist·      weshalb auch die Stillgewässer nicht nur der großen Seenplatten äußerst erlebniswerte Lebensräume darstellen·      warum auch vom Menschen geschaffene Ersatzstandorte wie Ackersäume und Wiesen wertvolle Biotope darstellen·      was in den Nationalparkgebieten an der Nordseeküste Erlebniswertes auf Sie wartetDieses Buch bietet mit seinen sorgsam ausgewählten Fallbeispielen zwar keine enzyklopädische Komplettübersicht, aber doch eine animativ-themenreiche Anregung zum aktiveren Erleben und Wahrnehmen der besonderen Facetten unseres heimischen Ambientes. Der AutorDr. Bruno P. Kremer, Hochschullehrer i.R., befasst sich schon seit langem mit regionalkundlichen Themen insbesondere im Hinblick auf ihren Naturerlebniswert. Er ist Autor zahlreicher erfolgreicher Lehrwerke und preisgekrönter Natursachbücher, die in 15 Sprachen übersetzt wurden.

Potato is the third most important food crop in the world after rice and wheat in terms of human consumption. The book "Potato: Improvement, Production and Utilization Technologies" is based on technologies developed at ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla. The book delves about the recent advances in potato improvement, production, protection, and utilization of technologies for doubling the farmers' income. The book covers potato scenario, germplasm strength, varietal development applying conventional and molecular breeding methods, AICRP (potato), tissue culture, biotechnology, genomics, genome editing, diagnostics of potato pathogens and insect-pest management, integrated crop management, soil and plant sample test, impact of climate change, precision agriculture, conventional and hi-tech seed potato production including micropropagation and aeroponics, post-harvest management and potato nutrition, farm mechanization and various other topics related to potato. We hope this book will be beneficial for potato stakeholders, researchers, and farming community.

A book which deals with 36 individual cut flower crops (Achillea, Alstroemeria, Amaryllis & Hippeastrum, Anemone, Anthurium, Antirrhinum, Callistephus chinensis, Campanula, Centaurea, Dahlia, Delphinium, Dendranthema, Dianthus caryophyllus, Digitalis, Eustoma, Gaillardia, Gerbera, Gladiolus, Gypsophila, Helianthus, Heliconia, Iberis, Lilium, Limonium, Matthiola, Narcissus, Orchids, Polianthes tuberosa, Rosa, Salpiglossis, Scabiosa, Solidago, Strelitzia, Tulipa, Zantedeschia and Zinnia), and two separate groups of plants which are either axillary to cut flowers or have included many other individuals to be used as cut flowers, i.e. "Cut Foliage/Cut Greens and Other Fillers" and "Proteaceous Ornamentals". Individual crops have covered almost all the aspects, viz. Introduction, Origin, Uses, Botany, Classification Species and Varieties, Propagation, Cultural Practices soils and bed preparation, planting (season of planting, plant density), irrigation, manuring and fertilization, weeding and where required other practices such as pot cultivation and glasshouse cultivation, growth and development, insects-pests diseases and physiological disorders, postharvest and related references. Apart from the crops, the book is also supported with a comprensive Glossary and Index in the end. In floriculture, no book can cover all the crops entirely under a particular topic due to the crops being innumerable and also as many new crops are being brought out every year but efforts have here been made to cover all the important ones looking into the past publications on the topic, the world scenario, the crop importance, the curriculum of M.Sc. and Ph.D. students worldwide, and as a guide to floricultural scientists & professors. Looking into its coverage and application, this book will work as a most remarkable guide to commercial and enthusiastic growers of cut flower crops worldwide.

This book deals with 43 chapters. Part I deals with 29 most commonly cultivated ornamental crops such as Amaranthus, Annual Chrysanthemum, Asclepias & Calotropis, Barlelia, Celosia argentea, Crossandra, Dahlia, Dianthus, Eranthemum, Ervatamia divaricata, Gaillardia, Gomphrena, Helianthus, Hibiscus, Hymenocallis, Ixora, Jasminum, Lawsonia inermis, Nelumbo, Nerium, Nyctanthes arbortristis, Nymphaea, Paeonia, Pandanus, Polianathes tuberosa, Rosa, Rudbeckia, Tagetes and Thevetia. Each crop is described with its nomenclature, origin, brief history & importance; botany; classification, species and varieties; methods of propagation; cultural practices; manipulation of growth and flowering; postharvest management; and insect-pests, diseases & physiological disorders in a very lucid term. Part II contains 14 chapters on general aspects necessary either for flower growing cum improvement or for value addition cum processing of certain plant-based products. Each crop and aspect is supported with pertinent global works. This is the first book of its kind written worldwide which deals exclusively with Traditional and Loose Flowers as is most prevalent in the Asian countries. However, in western countries though they prioritize the cut flower crops but for garden decoration, bedding, borders, container planting, hedges, rock gardens and pools, and for greenhouse & conservatory plantings they depend largely on such plants. Moreover, ICAR (New Delhi) has also devised curricula for graduate and postgraduate students of floriculture & landscaping, that is why this book has been prepared to act as a ready reckoner not only to the students but also to the teachers, professors and scientists engaged in floricultural activities. This will also prove a comprehensive guide to the horticultural development officers and flower growers worldwide.

A book which deals with 41 crop chapters, 30 dealing only with common ornamental plants such as Aglaonema, Alstroemeria, Araucaria, Begonia, Bellis, Bougainvillea, Canna, Catharanthus, Codiaeum, Columnea, Dieffenbachia, Euphorbia, Ficus, Fuchsia, Geranium & Pelargonium, Hedera, Holmskioldia, Impatiens, Ixora, Lathyrus, Monstera, Mussaenda, Ornamental Banana, Petunia, Philodendron, Primula, Saintpaulia, Spathiphyllum, Streptocarpus and Viola; and 11 groups of ornamentals such as Annuals with 126 genera, Bromeliads with 34 genera, Cacti with 105 genera, Carnivorous Ornamentals with 12 genera, Ferns and Allied Plants with 53 genera, Flowering Indoor Plants with 188 genera, Foliage Plants with 382 genera, Lawn with 37 genera, Ornamental Gingers with 7 genera, Proteaceous Ornamentals with 12 genera and Succulents other than Cacti with 192 genera. Each crop is detailed with their name derivations, origin, a brief history and uses; botanical description; methods of propagation including micropropagation; classification, species and varieties; cultural practices; manipulation of growth and flowering; postharvest management; and insect-pests, diseases and physiological disorders, supported with succinct account of significant scientific works carried out worldwide. The book is written in a very lucid manner. This book is written to fill up the gap between Cut Flowers and Traditional & Loose Flowers, just to acquaint the people [flower growers, horticultural development officers & landscapers, teachers, professors, scientists, and students (B.Tech., M.Sc. and Ph.D.) engaged in pursuit of floriculture and landscaping] about various other important ornamentals worldwide. This has been prepared in a way to meet all the requirements for cultivating these crops with full success.

The world population is increasing while arable land is decreasing at an alarming rate. About one-quarter of arable land is degraded and needs significant restoration before it can sustain crops again. By 2030, the water supply will fall 40% short of meeting global demand. Moreover, looming climate change poses additional challenge to increasing food production to feed 10 billion people by 2050. Current major agricultural systems are on a largely unsustainable trajectory because of their contributions to greenhouse gas emissions, water pollution, and biodiversity loss.For these reasons, innovative technologies are being introduced in modern agriculture to sustain food production. They include digital and geospatial technologies to manage soil, climate and plant genetic resources. With the development of tools and sensors integrated into the internet of things (IoT) environment, physically collected information is converted into computer-readable language. Digital innovations thus allow real-time analysis, machine learning, and artificial intelligence (AI) that manage massive amount of data, also known as big data. Accordingly, digital agriculture affords greater potential for sustainable farming and economic benefits.This book summarizes the latest advances in AI-integration of agriculture practices. Specific focus includes but not limited to, big data, yield mapping, pests management, and optimal fertigation. As such, it presents a forward-looking approach to meet multiple UN Sustainable Development Goals, specifically, SDG 2, 6, 13 and 15.

Reisen von Europa nach Ostasien finden heute gewöhnlich mit dem Flugzeug statt, und da gibt es nicht viel zu berichten. Dagegen war eine Reise mit dem Schiff im Jahre 1872 erlebnisreich, zumal der Reisende, der Arzt an der russischen Gesandtschaft in Peking, Emil Bretschneider (1833-1901), ein angesehener Sinologe und Botaniker, sich dafür drei Monate Zeit genommen hatte: Er wollte bei der Gelegenheit der Rückkehr von seinem Urlaub Indien und Niederländisch-Indien (das heutige Indonesien) kennenlernen. Seine Schilderungen von Land und Leuten und insbesondere der Vegetation sind lebendig und zuverlässig und lesen sich heute, nach hundertfünfzig Jahren, wie eine echte Zeit-Reise in die Vergangenheit. In Singapore war er Gast des Herrn Whampoa und wohnte in seinem zauberhaften Garten, in Buitenzorg (Bogor, Java) Gast des Generalgouverneurs, studierte die Flora in diesem ältesten und angesehensten botanischen Garten Asiens und besuchte einige der schwer zugänglichen Vulkane. Der Reisebericht erschien in Form von Briefen in der Rigaschen Zeitung und ist heute praktisch unbekannt. Mit Einleitung und Register.

The change from the famous Palm Islands to the dynamic River Culture in Dubai addresses a spellbinding excursion through the city's structural wonders and social embroidery. The Palm Islands, a designing accomplishment, are a triplet of counterfeit islands molded like palm trees, noticeable from space. These islands, Palm Jumeirah, Palm Jebel Ali, and Palm Deira, represent Dubai's desire to reshape its shore into rich shelters for private and business purposes. Palm Jumeirah, the first and generally prestigious of the Palm Islands, is a palm tree-molded archipelago including a sickle that goes about as a sea wall. Fixed with rich retreats, extravagant manors, and upscale conveniences, it remains as a demonstration of Dubai's ability in changing dreams into the real world. The Palm Jebel Ali, one more of the Palm Islands, is intended to be much bigger, with plans for amusement buildings and neighborhoods. Palm Deira, the third of the threesome, is scheduled to be the biggest and is imagined as a different metropolitan scene, integrating private, business, and relaxation spaces. As one explores from the Palm Islands towards the Spring Society, a shift happens from the innovation of designing wonders to the wealth of social legacy. Dubai Brook, a characteristic saltwater bay that separates the city, is the verifiable heart of Dubai. Along its shores, one tracks down the Al Fahidi Historically significant area, where customary breeze tower design, old mosques, and overly complex back streets inspire the city's past as a clamoring exchanging port. The Dubai Gallery, situated in the Al Fahidi Post, fills in as an extension between the city's advancement and its verifiable roots. It features curios, shows, and interactive media introductions that strikingly portray the change of Dubai from an unassuming fishing town to a worldwide city. Abras, conventional wooden boats, utilize the waters of Dubai Rivulet, offering a nostalgic excursion that differences with the cutting edge style of the Palm Islands. The clamoring souks (markets) along the Stream, like the Zest Souk and the Gold Souk, submerge guests in the tactile pleasures of conventional business, where the fragrance of flavors blends with the flicker of gold. Dubai Spring is likewise home to the Dubai Drama, an engineering wonder that mixes customary and current plan components. The Drama Locale, with its social spaces, cafés, and promenades, exemplifies Dubai's obligation to cultivating a flourishing social scene. The change from Palm Islands to Rivulet Culture exemplifies Dubai's capacity to consistently coordinate innovation with custom. It welcomes guests to encounter the city's double character - a city that embraces state of the art development while esteeming its rich social legacy. In this juxtaposition, Dubai entices explorers to observe the amicable concurrence of the past and the future, making it an objective where each feature of its scene recounts a charming story.

This edited volume elucidates state-of-the-art information and provides new paradigms of soil health-based pathways for sustaining plantation crops and diversified systems. The book covers soil characteristics, soil fertility constraints, issues of soil contamination, the impact of climate change on plantation soils, indicators of soil health and soil health assessment, fertility management for healthy soils, soil amendments, soil biodiversity, and biological functions and micro-biome as well as meta-genomic approach.Plantation crops are perennials, cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical agroecosystems in a contiguous area, and comprise estate crops which include tea, coffee, and rubber and small holders¿ plantation crops such as coconut, areca nut, oil palm, cashew, cocoa, and spices. These are high-value crops with considerable significance in livelihood security, commerce, and trade, and are grown in ecologically vulnerable regions such as coastal belts, hilly areas, andregions with high rainfall and high humidity, which makes maintenance of soil health a major challenge. Sustainable agricultural production depends on the health, quality, and functionality of the soil. The book includes technological options to achieve sustainable production encompassing soil health improvement through multi-strata, multi-species cropping systems, integrated farming systems, conservation agriculture practices, cover cropping and green manuring, crop residue recycling, bio-fertilizer and bio-stimulant technologies and organic farming systems.This book is an essential resource for researchers, plantation professionals, educators, and policymakers. It provides valuable insights and practical solutions for addressing emerging issues in soil health management and is a must-read for students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, microbiology, soil science, and environmental sciences.

This edited book is a comprehensive compilation of applications of plant molecular farming in various fields including agriculture, industry and medicine, using different plant/crop systems as bioreactors for the bulk production of products of interest. The book places special emphasis on plant molecular farming being utilized for the bulk production of biologics, industrial enzymes, vaccines, drugs and recombinant pharmaceutical proteins.Plant molecular farming (PMF) is an upcoming promising interdisciplinary subject, and therefore the book contains contributions from experts across the disciplines. The utilization of plant viral vectors to produce biologics, virus-like particles and antimicrobial peptides via PMF have been highlighted. Molecular farming for the bulk production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins and various types of human and veterinary vaccines in different crops/plants and genetically modified seeds has been included. The process of scaling up to manufacturing capacity, product formation by bioprocessing of plant cell suspension culture, and bioreactor engineering have been incorporated. Lastly, the book provides special coverage on utilizing PMF made products to control neglected tropical diseases and plant-made antigens as immunotherapies for allergic and autoimmune diseases.The book has chapters from leading experts on the subject, making it equally beneficial for researchers, policy planners, industrialists, medical professionals, entrepreneurs, and students of various related disciplines.

This book is the fourth volume of the ¿Marine Algal Flora of China-Rhodophyta.¿ The series has seven volumes covering about 20 orders, 45 families, 173 genera, and 560 species including over 150 species firstly described from China,  indicating significant importance to the knowledge of North-Western Pacific marine algal flora. The fourth volume covers coralline algae, including Sporolithales, Corallinales, and Hapalidiales.Almost all species involved are illustrated in detail on morphology, inner structure, habitats, and geographical distribution, based upon herbarium specimens collected along the China coast, and a lot of elaborate pictures are attached inside. This flora will gain our understanding of current Chinese marine red algae, but much research is still necessary to reflect the whole picture of the red algal diversity along the China coast.

This edited volume provides state-of¿the-art overview of abiotic stress responses and tolerance mechanisms of different legume crops viz., chickpea, mung bean, lentil, black gram, cowpea, cluster bean, soybean and groundnut.Legumes play an important role in human nutrition and soil health through fixation of nitrogen. Legume production and productivity are vulnerable to different abiotic stresses. A proper understanding about the physiological and molecular basis of the legume crops is essential for genetic improvement of abiotic stress tolerance.  This book consists of 15 chapters covering physiological and biochemical basis, molecular physiology, molecular breeding, genetics, genomics, transgenics, epigenetics of drought, saline, high temperature and nutrient deficiency stresses, and the role of microRNAs in abiotic stress tolerance. This volume offers new perspectives in legume crop abiotic stress management, and is useful for various stakeholders, including post graduates students, scientists, environmentalists and policymakers.

This detailed collection explores thermomorphogenesis, a discipline that unravels the intricacies of warm temperature responses in plants. How plants perceive, interpret, and respond to elevated temperatures has far-reaching implications for agriculture, ecology, and our fundamental understanding of plant development, and this book presents techniques to help researchers delve into this area of study. Beginning with a section on thermomorphogenesis responses, the volume continues with numerous chapters on temperature sensing and temperature signaling. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Thermomorphogenesis: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to this vital subject for research laboratories, as well as for graduate and undergraduate laboratory courses in plant molecular biology.

This volume provides methods on researching photorespiration to provide a better understanding of this vital pathway in plants. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Photorespiration: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

This fully updated edition explores fundamental protocols for the study of photosynthesis in a manner accessible to a broad spectrum of researchers. Featuring protocols to examine light response curves and gas exchange measurements for a variety of samples, the book includes new protocols on photosynthesis in the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf, non-foliar organs, and aquatic systems. Protocols and best practice for eddy covariance, thermal, spectral, and hyperspectral imaging and data analysis, as well as stable isotope labeling and quantification of photosynthetic metabolites, are introduced alongside fresh insights on many more topics. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Photosynthesis: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition provides an ideal guide to the improved technologies expanding our capabilities to study photosynthesis today.

Melatonin: A Ubiquitous Pleiotropic Molecule equips researchers with an understanding of the molecular biology of melatonin in plants. The book explores the occurrence of melatonin in several plant species, covering key aspects, including its biosynthesis, physiological function in plant growth and development, and signaling pathways. It then discusses the benefits melatonin has for plant and agricultural development, as well as how it can be utilized as a therapeutic in the treatment of human diseases. The role it can play in the oxidative stress response and circadian rhythm modulation are covered, as well as its nutraceutical potential for human health. The book also covers the importance of melatonin in a range of fields, including drug discovery and disease resistance, agriculture, botany, and biotechnology, and is an ideal reference for researchers across these disciplines.

This book covers cadmium contamination of soil and plants, its sources, acute and long-term impacts on the environment and human health, and overall challenges posed by the global poisoning issue. Cadmium is among the elements that have been most broadly used by man over time, which has led to extensive pollution of surface soils, mainly associated with the mining and smelting of the metal and the addition of organic cadmium compounds to petrol. The release of cadmium into the atmosphere from various high-temperature processes has also led to surface contamination on a regional and even global scale. Cadmium is particularly firmly bound to humic matter in organic-rich soil and to iron oxides in mineral soil and is rather immobile in the soil unless present at very high concentrations. Plants grown on cadmium-rich soils incorporate cadmium, thus increasing the concentration of cadmium in crop plants. Cadmium thus enters the food chain through the consumption of plant material, whichposes important health risks to humans and animals. In this book, readers will find out about the latest mitigation strategies, including a multi-disciplinary approach to address cadmium contamination. Recent methods in cadmium detoxification, speciation, and molecular mechanisms are included, and the book offers the knowledge required for efficient risk assessment, prevention, and countermeasure. Divided into 3 parts, this book brings together expert contributions on cadmium toxicity. In the first part, readers will find out about the different sources and distribution of cadmium in soil and plant ecosystems. The second part of the book outlines the health risks linked to cadmium toxicity, and in the final part, readers will discover sustainable cadmium toxicity mitigation strategies and potential applications of recent biological technology in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource for students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionalsdoing fieldwork on cadmium contamination throughout the world.