Planternes biologi

This book collates various aspects of stress tolerance in crop plants. It primarily focuses on the heat and temperature related stress, starting from the severity of the problem on quantity and quality of yield under the threat of global climate change. The content also explores other mechanistic dimensions such as physiochemical and molecular mechanism underlying thermotolerance, signaling mechanism under heat stress, role of heat shock proteins in modulating thermotolerance, omics approach for development of climate smart-crop. Chapters discuss different approaches used in the past to develop heat stress tolerant crop plants, list of developed thermotolerant agriculturally important crop plants, redox homeostasis under heat stress, nutrient uptake and use efficiency in plants under heat stress and much more. The book is a useful compilation for researchers working in the area of abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants, as well as for students of plant physiology and agricultural sciences.

This contributed volume aims at bringing together all the genetic engineering tools for managing various types of crop pests. The main focus of this book is to explore the application of these tools in pest management. Major pest groups covered in this book are insects, mites and nematodes.The first section covers all major genetic tools and molecular approaches. The second section deals with genetic tools for of beneficial containing three chapters involving honey bees, silkworms and natural enemies. Next section deals with genetic interactions against pests in diverse geographical regions with special focus on Africa, Vietnam and Sri Lanka. Sections four and five addresses diverse aspects as management of pests, genetic behavior, gene expression, plasticity, pathways and interactions and options for mitigation of pests.It serves as a useful resource for professionals in the fields of entomology, agronomy, horticulture, ecology, and environmental sciences, as well as to agricultural producers and plant biotechnologists. 

Alraune: The Poioners Guild gathers 18 essays on the Poison Path written by contemporary practitioners deeply engaged in the Magical Arts.

Der er både planter, blomster og bier i denne sjette bog om Max og Meta. Hvordan formerer planter sig? Hvordan bliver blomsterfrø spredt? Hvilken rolle spiller bier og andre insekter ved bestøvning? Hvad er fotosyntesen? Alle disse spørgsmål får læserne svar på i endnu en humoristisk historie med vores to helte, Max og Meta og en finurlig flue. Som altid bliver både børn og voksne klogere på en sjov måde. Bøgerne om Max og Meta tager udgangspunkt i børns undren over alt det fantastiske, som omgiver os: farver, planter, sanser, lyd, naturkræfter, himmellegemer og meget andet. Seriens bøger kan læse højt for børn fra 4-5 år og læses af børnene selv, når de bliver lidt ældre. På forlagets hjemmeside er der opgaver, quizzer og forslag til sjove og lærerige aktiviteter. Find det hele – inkl. den herlige Max og Meta-sang ”Blot et knips” – på forlaget-meta.dk

The major purpose of this book is to present Johann Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) in a real and interesting way based on the most recent historical research and analysis of authentic sources. The authors aim to show Mendel's scientific thinking and inner feelings together with his environment and to communicate his message as a multifaceted personality and modern experimentalist.The book draws from the only existing short sketch of Mendel's youth, his letters and the biographical ceiling paintings that were made according to his proposal. They form the basis of the self-portrait concept. The structure of the book follows thematic groups covering Mendel's activities from a poor village boy in search for education and financial security, as not being physically suitable for running his father's farm. The book does not perpetuate the myths invented by some creative authors to make Mendel's biography more attractive. Mendel's life and work are dramatic enough without those embellishments. Mendel found happiness in science and he was able to explain the theory of new scientific facts. He was not a tragic figure, he did not work to become famous, but to be useful. His pea research has now been appreciated as a genius accomplishment of a scientist. The book is published at the occasion of Mendel's birthday bicentennial.

This book presents a synthesis of critical new information for the Melastomataceae, one of the ten richest families among flowering plants with over 5,800 species that has its diversity highly concentrated in tropical or subtropical areas. It describes the family's global diversity and distribution and summarizes recent advances in systematics, evolution, biogeography, reproductive biology and ecology.

Global food security is increasingly challenging in light of population increase, the impact of climate change on crop production, and limited land available for agricultural expansion. Plant breeding and other agricultural technologies have contributed considerably for food and nutritional security over the last few decades. Genetic engineering approaches are powerful tools that we have at our disposal to overcome substantial obstacles in the way of efficiency and productivity of current agricultural practices. Genome engineering via CRISPR/Cas9, Cpf1, base editing and prime editing, and OMICs through genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, phenomics, an metabolomics have  helped to discover underlying mechanisms controlling traits of economic importance.     Principle and Practices of OMICs and Genome Editing for Crop Improvement provides recent research from eminent scholars from around the world, from various geographical regions, with established expertise on genome editing and OMICs technologies. This book offers a wide range of information on OMICs techniques and their applications to develop biotic, abiotic and climate resilient crops, metabolomics and next generation sequencing for sustainable crop production, integration bioinformatics, and multi-omics for precision plant breeding. Other topics include application of genome editing technologies for food and nutritional security, speed breeding, hybrid seed production, resource use efficiency, epigenetic modifications, transgene free breeding, database and bioinformatics for genome editing, and regulations adopted by various countries around globe for genome edited crops. Both OMICs and genome editing are vigorously utilized by researchers for crop improvement programs; however, there is limited literature available in a single source. This book provides a valuable resource not only for students at undergraduate and postgraduate level but also for researchers, stakeholders, policy makers, and practitioners interested in the potential of genome editing and OMICs for crop improvement programs.

This book is the first attempt for in-depth compilation of current knowledge on cisgenic crops and their  potential prospects as a sustainable substitute for the controversial genetically modified crops. Innovative methodologies for the development of cisgenic crops for disease resistance, improved nutritional contents, suitability for organic farming, survival under climate change, and their role in conservation of plant genetic resources have been highlighted. Combined with molecular markers and genome editing, an advanced approach for crop improvement is reported. The book has 14 chapters authored by globally leading experts on the subject. This book is useful to the students, teachers, researchers and policy planners working across the disciplines of classical plant breeding up to the recent genetically modified and genome edited crops.

This textbook explores aspects of biology and ecophysiology of weeds, weed competition and interference in crops, phytosociological survey, methods of control and weed integrated management. Herbicides are of great importance in weed management and are one of the most widely used pesticide groups for weed control across the globe. Offering a new direction for research that focuses on herbicide behavior in plants, hormesis, evolution of weed resistance to herbicides, and genetically modified crops resistant to herbicides, this book covers the recent research in applied weed and herbicide science.This book provides essential and updated information on various subjects regarding the advances in herbicide science; and it is intended for professors, undergraduate, and graduate students, rural producers and other professionals involved in the area of applied weed and herbicide science. Agriculturists, analytical chemists, and toxicologists will find this book rewarding.

Research in recent years has increasingly shifted away from purely academic research, and into applied aspects of the discipline, including climate change research, conservation, and sustainable development. It has by now widely been recognized that ¿traditional¿ knowledge is always in flux and adapting to a quickly changing environment. Trends of globalization, especially the globalization of plant markets, have greatly influenced how plant resources are managed nowadays. While ethnobotanical studies are now available from many regions of the world, no comprehensive encyclopedic series focusing on the worlds mountain regions is available in the market. Scholars in plant sciences worldwide will be interested in this website and its dynamic content. The field (and thus the market) of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has grown considerably in recent years. Student interest is on the rise, attendance at professional conferences has grown steadily, and the number of professionals calling themselves ethnobotanists has increased significantly (the various societies (Society for Economic Botany, International Society of Ethnopharmacology, Society of Ethnobiology, International Society for Ethnobiology, and many regional and national societies in the field currently have thousands of members). Growth has been most robust in BRIC countries.The objective of this new MRW on Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions is to take advantage of the increasing international interest and scholarship in the field of mountain research. We anticipate including the best and latest research on a full range of descriptive, methodological, theoretical, and applied research on the most important plants for each region. Each contribution will be scientifically rigorous and contribute to the overall field of study.

This book is the 8th volume of the popular series 'Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of the World'. Like the previous volumes, this volume is being introduced in a monographic format containing an extremely rich and diverse medicinal flora of India. Both well-known and somewhat still ignored species have been described in view of their traditional, present day and prospective uses. The scientific and technological achievements are also included aptly in this volume, together with a careful and critical consideration to our contemporary knowledge of this vast interdisciplinary domain with an Indian focus. In the era of global climate change and pandemics, building on the huge Indian traditions, this volume will make an important contribution to the better knowledge and understanding of MAPs. The Indian flora has always been recognized for its medicinal and aromatic plant values and this volume is explicitly focusing in that direction. With the rapidly expanding scope of natural nutraceuticals and herbal formulations, this book will be a fruitful acquisition for the interested readers globally.

This edited book covers all aspects of omics approaches used for the varietal improvement of millets in changing climatic conditions. Millets are the collection of small-grained cereal grasses, that are grown for human carbohydrate needs. They are among the oldest crops, mainly divided into two groups - Major and small millets based on seed size. Small millets are earlier considered orphan crops, but recently due to their nutritional values, they are getting importance in cultivation. This book explores the genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, bioinformatics, and other omics tools that are being widely used to get a clear understanding of mechanistic approaches taken by plant genes to tolerate stress. Various reports are published based on field breeding on these crops, and recently the genome of some of the small millets is released, and many omics studies are published related to its application in varietal improvements. This book reviewed all those recent studies and is of interest to research students, plant breeding scientists, teachers that are working in agriculture and plant biotech universities. Along with this, the book serves as reference material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, and biotechnology. National and international agricultural scientists, policymakers will also find this to be a useful read.

This volume covers the latest developments in different areas of plant pathology. The chapters in this volume are organized into seven parts. Part One provides traditional methods for isolation and identification of invasive pathogens and root disease. Part Two looks at new and rapid DNA extraction protocols from different samples, and Part Three focuses on molecular detection protocols for identifying and quantifying plant pathogens, including fungal and bacterial invasive species. Part Four describes the application of metabarcoding in plant pathology, and Part Five talks about plant pathogen interactions. Part Six concentrates on population genomics of plant pathogens, and Part Seven covers biocontrol on plant pathogens. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Cutting-edge and thorough, Plant Pathology: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers in the plant pathology community, and discusses various approaches for the detection, identification, and control of plant diseases.

This detailed book presents recent methodologies for the task of inspecting the genomic world of plants, extracting valuable information, and presenting it in a readable way. With a focus on bioinformatics tools, the volume explores phylogenetics and evolution, Omics analysis, as well as experimental procedures for trait characterization. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of vital expert implementation advice that will lead to successful results. Authoritative and practical, Plant Comparative Genomics serves as an ideal resource for researchers looking to implement comparative tools in order to explore their genomic data for their daily scientific work.

This book brings together the latest information on almond genomics and transcriptomics, with a particular focus on cutting-edge findings, tools, and strategies employed in genome sequencing and analysis with regard to the most important agronomic traits. Cultivated almond [(Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb, syn. Prunus amygdalus Batsch., Amygdalus communis L., Amygdalus dulcis Mill.)] is a tree crop producing seeds of great economic interest, and adapted to hot and dry climates. Domesticated in Southeast Asia, its small diploid genome and phenotypic diversity make it an ideal model to complement genomics studies on peach, generally considered to be the reference Prunus species. Both represent consanguineous species that evolved in two distinct environments: warmer and more humid in the case of peach, and colder and xerophytic for almond. The advent of affordable whole-genome sequencing, in combination with existing Prunus functional genomics data, has now made it possible to leverage the novel diversity found in almond, providing an unmatched resource for the genetic improvement of this species.

Advances in Trichoderma Biology for Agricultural Applications covers the beneficial properties of Trichoderma in enhancing global agricultural productivity. Trichoderma are biotechnologically significant fungi, being widely used both agriculturally and industrially. In many cases Trichoderma are also a potential drug source of clinical importance. In recent years, driven by advances in genetics and genomics, research on these fungi has opened new avenues for its various applications. This book covers i) Current state of Trichoderma taxonomy, and species identification, ii) Trichoderma and plant-pathogenic fungi interactions, iii) Trichoderma interactions with plants, including rhizosphere competence of Trichoderma, antagonistic potentials, plant growth promotion, and management of various abiotic stresses in plants, iv) Practical aspects of Trichoderma commercialization in agriculture, v) Biosynthesis of metal-based nanoparticles and its application, and vi) Negative impact of Trichoderma strains in the environments.Reading this book should kindle further discussions among researchers working in fungal biotechnology, microbiology, agriculture, environmental science, forestry, and other allied subjects and thus lead to a broader scope of Trichoderma-based products and technologies. The knowledge shared in this book should also provide a warning on the potential risks associated with Trichoderma.

This book deals with the gasotransmitters signaling in redox reactions and homeostasis for the adaptation of plants to unfavorable abiotic stress environments. There are lots of interesting chapters in this book that cover both research and educational objectives. This book serves as a reference illustrated book for all who are interested in the regulation of gasotransmitters and redox homeostasis in agriculture. Maintenance of redox homeostasis strengthens the potentiality of plants to resist abiotic stress conditions through the enhanced antioxidant system and the subsequent impact on other signaling molecules. The book presents novel outcomes and implications in plant biology concerning the study of different types of gasotransmitters signaling such as nitric oxide (NO), ethylene, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), etc. under diverse abiotic stresses in one place. The chapters of the book discuss the recent progress and current perspectives on the role of gasotransmitters relevance to plant functions and adaptations to abiotic stresses, the influence of gasotransmitters on the physiology of plants with respect to abiotic stress tolerance, gasotransmitters and omics for abiotic stress tolerance, advancement in the biology of gasotransmitters in regulating salinity and drought stress response in plants, new insights of gasotransmitters and cellular redox homeostasis in plants and the chapter also deliberate the emerging role of gasotransmitters in regulating redox homeostasis for plant stress management. This book is the first comprehensive book covering all aspects and advancements in the biology of gasotransmitters in redox homeostasis conferring different abiotic stress tolerance, from which readers from all backgrounds can get benefitted. This book will appeal to researchers, students, scientific societies, agriculturists, etc.

This edited book is a compilation of tangible research findings and actual experiences on various salt tolerant rice breeding programmes, that have been successfully practiced and continuing to do so by research centres in South East Asia, with major emphasis in India, Bangladesh and Philippines. Rice being one of the most important staple crops of the world, its production and productivity have to be kept on increasing so as to feed the burgeoning population. This is a very challenging task in the midst of shrinking resource base and arable lands in the face of climate change. Salt stress is the second major abiotic stress, next only to drought, which greatly affects rice production. To overcome this problem, development of improved salt tolerant rice cultivars coupled with appropriate package of practices, an ecologically sound and socially acceptable strategy should be developed which is well within the reach of marginal farmers. With rapid advances in molecular biology, mechanisms underlying the complexity of the trait are better understood now than before. Selection of appropriate parents, desired mapping populations, precise phenotyping are the key components to underpin the mapping and utilization of reliable QTLs. Understanding genetics of salt tolerance, identifying the robust molecular markers and targeted utilization of available molecular markers form the sound basis to develop the commercial products with more precision and speed. This book covers entire range of topics: starting from biophysical characterization of salt stressed areas in different rice ecologies, conventional and molecular breeding approaches for mapping salt tolerance and subsequent development of improved rice varieties for commercial cultivation and their societal impacts. This book is of interest to scientists, faculty, policy makers and administrators. It also serves as a resource guide to graduate students of agriculture particularly plant breeding, plant physiology, molecularbiology and soil science.

Research in recent years has increasingly shifted away from purely academic research, and into applied aspects of the discipline, including climate change research, conservation, and sustainable development. It has by now widely been recognized that ¿traditional¿ knowledge is always in flux and adapting to a quickly changing environment. Trends of globalization, especially the globalization of plant markets, have greatly influenced how plant resources are managed nowadays. While ethnobotanical studies are now available from many regions of the world, no comprehensive encyclopedic series focusing on the worlds mountain regions is available in the market. Scholars in plant sciences worldwide will be interested in this website and its dynamic content. The field (and thus the market) of ethnobotany and ethnopharmacology has grown considerably in recent years. Student interest is on the rise, attendance at professional conferences has grown steadily, and the number of professionals calling themselves ethnobotanists has increased significantly (the various societies (Society for Economic Botany, International Society of Ethnopharmacology, Society of Ethnobiology, International Society for Ethnobiology, and many regional and national societies in the field currently have thousands of members). Growth has been most robust in BRIC countries.The objective of this new MRW on Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions is to take advantage of the increasing international interest and scholarship in the field of mountain research. We anticipate including the best and latest research on a full range of descriptive, methodological, theoretical, and applied research on the most important plants for each region. Each contribution will be scientifically rigorous and contribute to the overall field of study.

This edited book highlights the plant and cell/organ culture systems, and environmental and genetic transformation-based modulation of biochemical pathways. Special focus is given to microRNA-based technology, heterologous systems expression of enzymes and pathways leading to products of interest, as well as applications using both model and non-model plant species.Metabolic engineering is usually defined as the re-routing of one or more enzymatic reactions to generate new compounds, increase the production of existing compounds, or facilitate the degradation of compounds. Plants are the foundation of numerous compounds which are synthesized via assimilated complex biosynthetic routes. Plants have evolved an incredible arrangement of metabolic pathways leading to molecules/compounds capable of responding promptly and effectively to stress situations imposed by biotic and abiotic factors, some of which supply the ever-growing needs of humankind for natural chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, agrochemicals, food and chemical additives, biofuels, and biomass. However, in foreseeable future we will be forced to think about the accessibility of resources for the generations to come. For these reasons, the book proposes alternative options of food/food supplement, medicines and other essential items, by using plant metabolic engineering approach. This book is of interest to teachers, researchers and academic experts. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of biotechnology and molecular biology of plants.

This book collates the basic and advanced concepts of plant biotechnology and genomics along with the future trends. It discusses the combination of conventional breeding techniques with genomic tools and approaches leading to a new genomics-based plant breeding technology supporting crop plants that respond better to biotic and abiotic stress, and pathogen attacks. Plant genomics play an important role in developing more efficient plant cultivars which are essential for the neo green revolution needed to feed the world's rapidly growing population. Plant genomic data is being utilized in genetic engineering to ensure that better and resilient varieties of crops are available ensuring food security. This book is of immense interest to teachers, researchers, crop scientists, capacity builders, and policy makers. Also, the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, biotechnology, genomics, soil science, and environmental sciences. National and International agricultural scientists and policy makers will also find this to be a useful read.

This volume discusses the latest online plant genomics and cytogenetic resources used by plant evolutionary biologists and plant breeders. The chapters in this book are organized into two parts. Part One looks at plant genomic databases, and covers topics such as plant phenomics and genomics research data repositories, InpactorDB, PlanTEenrichment, and PEATmoss, among others. Part Two looks at cytogenetics and chromosome-related databases, and covers resources such as the Plant DNA C-values database, the Delphineae Chromosome Database (DCDB), B-chrom, a Database on B-chromosomes, and the Plant Ribosomal DNA Database. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective databases and offers explicit directions on how to access and get the most of these resources. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Plant Genomic and Cytogenetic Databases is a valuable instrument for any plant science researcher who is interested in learning more about the wealth of information that is available through the use of these databases.

This detailed volume explores techniques to study reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants and to characterize their roles in development and stress responses. Beginning with a section on strategies to induce ROS production, the book continues with methods to visualize ROS and detect changes in redox homeostasis, small-scale and targeted analyses for investigating the effects of ROS accumulation during stress on plant physiology and metabolism, as well as systems biology approaches to understand ROS functions. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: Methods and Protocols serves as a vital resource that any researcher, and in particular young researchers, can use and adapt to further our knowledge of this dynamic area of plant science.

This detailed collection explores genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which have revolutionized the investigation of complex traits over the past decade and have unveiled numerous useful genotype-phenotype associations in plants. The book describes the key concepts and methods underlying GWAS, including the genetic architecture underlying variation for phenotypic traits, the structure of genetic variation in plants, technologies for capturing genetic information, study designs, and the statistical models and bioinformatics tools used for data analysis. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include the kind of invaluable implementation advice that leads to the most fruitful research results. Authoritative and practical, Genome-Wide Association Studies serves as an extremely valuable resource for the plant research community by rendering GWAS analysis less challenging and more accessible to a broader group of users.

This second edition details protocols that analyze and explore gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Chapters guide readers through experimental techniques used to study genes and their regulatory interactions in plants, and computational approaches used for the integration of experimental data and bioinformatics-based predictions of regulatory interactions. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Plant Gene Regulatory Networks: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.