Middelalderens filosofi

Die Frage nach einem moglichen Sprechen uber das Unaussprechliche stellt das Grundproblem der negativen Theologie dar. Eriugena nimmt zum einen als Ubersetzer der griechischen Schriften von Ps.-Dionysius Areopagita ins Lateinische, zum anderen durch sein Hauptwerk Periphyseon eine entscheidende Funktion fur die Entwicklung der negativen Theologie im Mittelalter ein. Die vorliegende Studie unterstreicht seine Bedeutung, Hellsichtigkeit und Innovation historisch und systematisch. Der Einfuhrungsteil widmet sich der Person Eriugenas und seinen Haupteinflussquellen, insbesondere Ps.-Dionysius Areopagita, dem karolingischen Bildungsgedanken und der Philosophie des Neuplatonismus. Anschlieend wird die Schrift Periphyseon und das darin grundgelegte System einer einzigen, aber vierfaltigen natura universalis beleuchtet. Im Zentrum der Studie stehen die Analyse, Interpretation und Neuubersetzung einer Textpassage, in der Eriugena eine Hypertheologie"e; entwickelt und nach einer Losung fur eben jenes sprachtheologische Problem sucht: Wie kann, soll, darf der Mensch uber etwas sprechen, das an sich unaussprechlich ist und selbst als Ausgesprochenes unaussprechlich bleiben muss?

Der Autor gibt in seinem Buch einen umfassenden Blick auf Bonaventuras ( 1274) philosophisch-theologisches Konzept von Zeit und Ewigkeit. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt dabei auf den in der damaligen Diskussion wichtigen Begriffen von tempus und aevum (geschaffene Ewigkeit"e;). Ihr Verstandnis zeigt die Position Bonaventuras innerhalb der Augustinischen und Aristotelischen Linie der Zeitspekulation. Zudem wird der Blick auf weitere interessante Aspekte der Zeitfrage wie die ungeschaffene Ewigkeit Gottes (aeternitas), die Frage nach der Ewigkeit der Welt und die Verbindung zur Geschichtstheologie Bonaventuras gerichtet.

Boethius gehort zu den herausragenden Denkern der spatantiken Geistesgeschichte. Anders, als man vielleicht meinen wurde, ist diese Sicht auf Boethius in der Forschung allerdings nicht unumstritten und verhaltnismaig neu. Sie lasst eine Tendenz zur Neubewertung erkennen, die nicht nur Boethius, sondern auch das Denken seiner Zeit immer mehr in seiner Eigenstandigkeit zu wurdigen beginnt. So werden Boethius wie auch die Spatantike immer weniger nur als Instanzen der Vermittlung klassisch antiken Wissens in das christliche Mittelalter angesehen. Worin aber besteht die Originalitat des Boethius und des durch ihn wesentlich gepragten spatantiken Denkens? Kann die Spatantike als eine eigene geistesgeschichtliche Epoche betrachtet werden? Wie ist sie dann zu charakterisieren? Inwiefern ist Boethius als eine oder vielleicht sogar die paradigmatische Gestalt der Spatantike zu beschreiben? Diesen und weiteren Fragen gehen die Autorinnen und Autoren des vorliegenden Sammelbandes nach.

This volume focuses on points of interaction between discrete historical contexts, religions, and cultures found within the premodern period. The contributions connect thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and include philosophers from the three major monotheistic faiths-Judaism, Islam, and Christianity.

Der vorliegende Band widmet sich den monastischen Reformen des 15. Jahrhunderts und ihren Folgen mit dem Fokus auf das Augsburger Benediktinerkloster Sankt Ulrich und Afra. Dabei werden verschiedene Fragestellungen in den Blick genommen. So geht es um die Folgen der Melker Reform im Bereich des lateinischen und deutschsprachigen Schrifttums in verschiedenen Gattungen und Disziplinen, darunter Theologie und Rechtswissenschaft; auch soll aus kunstgeschichtlicher und musikwissenschaftlicher Sicht nicht zuletzt die kirchliche Liturgie untersucht werden. Als Untersuchungsobjekte bieten sich das Augsburger Ulrichskloster und im Vergleich dazu Tegernsee in geradezu idealer Weise an, weil sie gleichermaen zur Melker Observanz des Benediktinerordens gehoren und zugleich paradigmatisch Stadt und Land reprasentieren. Ein solcher Vergleich ist bislang noch nicht unternommen worden. Uberdies kann mit dem Konzept des Bandes an aktuelle Forschungsparadigmen wie etwa 'Vorreformation' angeknupft werden. Fur Augsburg speziell wird, abgesehen von wichtigen Arbeiten zum literarischen Leben insgesamt, grundsatzlich und systematisch nach dem literarischen Ertrag von Melker Reform (fur Sankt Ulrich und Afra) sowie Raudnitzer Reform (fur Sankt Georg und Heilig Kreuz) gefragt, was in dieser Konsequenz bislang unterblieben ist.

This book argues that the moral quality of an act comes from the agent's inner states. By arguing for the indispensable relevance of intention in the moral evaluation of acts, the book moves against a mainstream, 'objective' approach in normative ethics.

The story of the 'long Renaissance' for a new generation-from Giotto and Dante in thirteenth-century Italy, to the English literary Renaissance in the first half of the seventeenth century.

¿More than any other living scholar of medieval philosophy, Gyula Klima has influenced the way we read and understand philosophical texts by showing how the questions they ask can be placed in a modern context without loss or distortion. The key to his approach is a respect for medieval authors coupled with a commitment to regarding their texts as a genuine source of insight on questions in metaphysics, theology, psychology, logic, and the philosophy of language¿as opposed to assimilating what they say to modern doctrines, or using medieval discussions as a foil for ¿new and improved¿ conceptual schemes.¿ Jack Zupko, University of Alberta¿Gyula Klima is widely recognized as one of the world¿s leading experts on thirteenth and fourteenth-century Latin philosophy, with his own, distinctive analytic approach, which brings out both the similarities and differences between medieval and contemporary logic and semantics.¿ John Marenbon, Trinity College, University of Cambridge ¿Gyula Klima has been a towering figure in the field of medieval philosophy for decades. His influence comprises not only the scholarly results of his work, but also intense and generous mentorship of students and junior colleagues. This volume is a perfect reflection of the esteem that he enjoys around the world, collecting excellent pieces by established as well as up-and-coming scholars of medieval philosophy.¿ Catarina Dutilh Novaes, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam¿For four decades now, Gyula Klima has been setting the standard among medievalists for philosophical sophistication and historical rigor. This collection of wide-ranging studies from leading scholars in the field offers a worthy tribute to that legacy.¿ Robert Pasnau, University of Colorado BoulderGyula Klima is Professor of Philosophy at Fordham University, and Senior Research Fellow, Consultant, and the Director of Institute for the History of Ideas of the Hungarian Research Institute in Budapest. In 2022, the President of Hungary awarded him the Knight¿s Cross of the Hungarian Order of Merit, ¿in recognition of his outstanding academic career, significant research work and exemplary leadership.¿ In this volume, colleagues, collaborators, and students celebrate Klimäs project with new essays on Plotinus, Anselm, Aquinas, Buridan, Ockham and others, exploring specific questions in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and logic.No contemporary surpasses Kripke and Klima in semantics and metaphysics, but only Gyula Klimäs thought ranges flawlessly over classical philosophy as well. The volume is a fitting tribute to the master. David Twetten, Marquette University

This book promotes the research of present-day women working in ancient and medieval philosophy, with more than 60 women having contributed in some way to the volume in a fruitful collaboration. It contains 22 papers organized into ten distinct parts spanning the sixth century BCE to the fifteenth century CE.Each part has the same structure: it features, first, a paper which sets up the discussion, and then, one or two responses that open new perspectives and engage in further reflections. Our authors¿ contributions address pivotal moments and players in the history of philosophy: women philosophers in antiquity, Cleobulina of Rhodes, Plato, Lucretius, Bardaisan of Edessa, Alexander of Aphrodisias, Plotinus, Porphyry, Peter Abelard, Robert Kilwardby, William Ockham, John Buridan, and Isotta Nogarola. The result is a thought-provoking collection of papers that will be of interest to historians of philosophy from all horizons. Far from being an isolated effort, thisbook is a contribution to the ever-growing number of initiatives which endeavour to showcase the work of women in philosophy.

Guide to Stoicism," though small, is a clear, and thoughtful classic by St. George Stock. Considered to be a concise primer on Stoicism, "Guide to Stoicism" explains the ancient philosophy that maintained that the universe is governed entirely by fate and that humans can achieve happiness only by cultivating a calm acceptance of the vicissitudes of life.

Written in the sixth century, The Consolation of Philosophy was one of the most popular and influential works of the Middle Ages. Boethius composed the masterpiece while imprisoned and awaiting the death sentence for treason. The Christian author had served as a high-ranking government official before falling out of favor with Roman Emperor Theodoric, an Arian. In the Consolation, Boethius explores the true end of life-knowledge of God-through a conversation with Lady Philosophy. Part prose, part poetry, the work combines Greek philosophy and Christian faith to formulate answers to some of life's most difficult and enduring questions.

William of Moerbeke was a prolific medieval translator of Aristotle and other ancient philosophical and scientific authors from Greek into Latin, and he played a decisive role in the acceptance of Aristotelian philosophy in the Latin world. He is often criticized for an allegedly deficient translation method.

In What's Wrong With the World Gilbert K. Chesterton identifies social evil, an inability to learn from the past, the destruction of the family unit, the dehumanization of modern industrialism, and commercialism.

The Essays are contained in 107 chapters of varying length. Montaigne's stated goal in his book is to describe himself with utter frankness and honesty. The insight into human nature provided by his essays is a by-product of his introspection.

St. Gregory Palamas (ca. 1296-1357) is among the most well-known and celebrated theologians of late Byzantium. This book provides a comprehensive account of the essence-energies distinction across his twenty-five treatises and letters written over a twenty-year period.An Athonite monk, abbot, and later Metropolitan of Thessalonica, Gregory is remembered especially for his distinction between God's essence and energies, and his celebrated doctrine still generates a great deal of debate. What does Palamas actually mean by the term energies? Are they 'activities' that God performs, and if so, how can they be eternal and uncreated? Indeed, how could God be simple if he possesses energies distinct from his essence? Going beyond the Triads and the One Hundred and Fifty Chapters, this book explores Palamas's answers to these long-standing questions by analyzing all of the treatises produced by Palamas between the years 1338 and 1357. It seeks to understand what Palamas means when he speaks of God's energies, how he seeks to prove that they are distinct from the divine essence, and how he explains that this distinction in no way violates the unity and simplicity of the one God in Trinity.Essence and Energies is a useful resource for upper-level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in Byzantine theology in the fourteenth century.