Teknologi: generelle emner

This contributed volume explores innovative research in the modeling, simulation, and control of crowd dynamics. Chapter authors approach the topic from the perspectives of mathematics, physics, engineering, and psychology, providing a comprehensive overview of the work carried out in this challenging interdisciplinary research field. The volume begins with an overview of analytical problems related to crowd modeling. Attention is then given to the importance of considering the social and psychological factors that influence crowd behavior ¿ such as emotions, communication, and decision-making processes ¿ in order to create reliable models. Finally, specific features of crowd behavior are explored, including single-file traffic, passenger movement, modeling multiple groups in crowds, and the interplay between crowd dynamics and the spread of disease.Crowd Dynamics, Volume 4 is ideal for mathematicians, engineers, physicists, and other researchers working in the rapidly growing field of modeling and simulation of human crowds.

This book considers a class of ergodic finite controllable Markov's chains. The main idea behind the method, described in this book, is to develop the original discrete optimization problems (or game models) in the space of randomized formulations, where the variables stand in for the distributions (mixed strategies or preferences) of the original discrete (pure) strategies in the use. The following suppositions are made: a finite state space, a limited action space, continuity of the probabilities and rewards associated with the actions, and a necessity for accessibility. These hypotheses lead to the existence of an optimal policy. The best course of action is always stationary. It is either simple (i.e., nonrandomized stationary) or composed of two nonrandomized policies, which is equivalent to randomly selecting one of two simple policies throughout each epoch by tossing a biased coin. As a bonus, the optimization procedure just has to repeatedly solve the time-average dynamic programming equation, making it theoretically feasible to choose the optimum course of action under the global restriction. In the ergodic cases the state distributions, generated by the corresponding transition equations, exponentially quickly converge to their stationary (final) values. This makes it possible to employ all widely used optimization methods (such as Gradient-like procedures, Extra-proximal method, Lagrange's multipliers, Tikhonov's regularization), including the related numerical techniques. In the book we tackle different problems and theoretical Markov models like controllable and ergodic Markov chains, multi-objective Pareto front solutions, partially observable Markov chains, continuous-time Markov chains, Nash equilibrium and Stackelberg equilibrium, Lyapunov-like function in Markov chains, Best-reply strategy, Bayesian incentive-compatible mechanisms, Bayesian Partially Observable Markov Games, bargaining solutions for Nash and Kalai-Smorodinsky formulations, multi-traffic signal-control synchronization problem, Rubinstein's non-cooperative bargaining solutions, the transfer pricing problem as bargaining.

Water is the majorelement on earth for the existence of people. Groundwater is the most ideal wellspring of water available to satisfy our ordinary needs. This is the reason the dependency on groundwater has increasedthat leads to the ground-water over-exploitation. Regarding groundwater, a few urban commodities in India have just arrived at zero levels. Its yield is reducing because of overexploitation and absence of groundwater recharge. in spite of over-misuse, people have additionally changed the characteristic groundwater rejuvenation framework by building homes, streets, organizations, production lines, and different administrations. Modern waste management system isn't enough to manage the chemical and household waste. Industrial facilities and is generally flown through the open land and stream/nala channels. This waste is mixing with groundwater just as surface water contamination. Both overexploitation and mechanical and chemical waste would be destroying the groundwater in the coming days. In present study author analyzed the harmful effect of the industrial wastes in Siltara industrial and adjoining areas of Raipur (CG). Thirty different samples of water were collected from the industrial area Siltara which is contaminated by the industrial wastes. The Author has analyzed the physical and chemical properties of the collected samples. It was found that the water is contaminated with the higher risk levels and different measures need to be taken to purify it, and it is not safe for the drinking purpose.

This book offers a careful selection of studies in optimization techniques based on artificial intelligence, applied to inverse problems in radiative transfer. In this book, the reader will find an in-depth exploration of heuristic optimization methods, each meticulously described and accompanied by historical context and natural process analogies.From simulated annealing and genetic algorithms to artificial neural networks, ant colony optimization, and particle swarms, this volume presents a wide range of heuristic methods. Additional approaches such as generalized extreme optimization, particle collision, differential evolution, Luus-Jaakola, and firefly algorithms are also discussed, providing a rich repertoire of tools for tackling challenging problems.While the applications showcased primarily focus on radiative transfer, their potential extends to various domains, particularly nonlinear and large-scale problems where traditional deterministic methods fall short. With clear and comprehensive presentations, this book empowers readers to adapt each method to their specific needs. Furthermore, practical examples of classical optimization problems and application suggestions are included to enhance your understanding.This book is suitable to any researcher or practitioner whose interests lie on optimization techniques based in artificial intelligence and bio-inspired algorithms, in fields like Applied Mathematics, Engineering, Computing, and cross-disciplinary areas.

The global transition toward a renewable energy-centric energy matrix represents a focal point of interest for the international community in the pursuit of mitigating environmental pollution and combating climate change. This reprint advocates for the proposition of technologically advanced solutions, emphasizing heightened efficiency, superior energy integration, and cost-effectiveness. Such advancements are poised to accelerate the widespread adoption of renewable energies, thereby propelling collective endeavors towards sustainable development. Within the intricate framework of energy systems, energy storage stands as a cornerstone, providing indispensable attributes such as continuity, stability, and security of service. The seamless integration of energy storage systems into renewable energy technologies emerges as a pivotal imperative. This strategic integration addresses the challenge of intermittency, ensuring prolonged utilization of renewable sources and contributing significantly to the decarbonization of both centralized and distributed electrification systems. This reprint amalgamates pioneering research, offering a scholarly foundation that will propel the sustainable development of energy storage integration. Positioned as a valuable resource, it informs decision-making processes in both the public and private sectors, steering them towards a more resilient and environmentally conscious energy landscape.

Takes a multicultural, interdisciplinary approach to the rhetoric of science to expand our toolkit for the collective management of global risks like climate change and pandemics.

Strategies for Eco-Friendly Farming Practices Subtitle: Nurturing the Earth, Feeding the FutureBook Title: Strategies for Eco-Friendly Farming PracticesProduct Description:Discover the Blueprint for Resilient Communities and Sustainable Agriculture!About the Book:"Strategies for Eco-Friendly Farming Practices" provides a comprehensive analysis of Rhode Island's local hazard mitigation planning process, offering a unique perspective derived from the author's direct involvement in hazard mitigation planning in North Kingstown. This insightful book is not just a theoretical exploration; it's a practical guide based on real-world experiences, coupled with a thorough review of scholarly literature.Key Insights:Uncover the six critical points identified for improving Rhode Island's hazard mitigation planning process:Specialized Expertise: Explore the untapped potential of utilizing more specialized expertise in hazard mitigation planning.Continuous Staffing: Emphasize the need for ongoing staffing of planning and implementation processes to ensure sustained momentum.Greater Coordination: Advocate for improved coordination between jurisdictions to enhance the overall effectiveness of hazard mitigation efforts.Measurable Evaluation Criteria: Stress the importance of incorporating measurable evaluation criteria for assessing the success of mitigation plans.Public Education: Highlight the necessity for increased public education to enhance awareness and preparedness among residents.Computerized Analysis Techniques: Discuss the advantages of incorporating modern computerized analysis techniques to strengthen the planning process.Recommendations:The book proposes a groundbreaking solution to address these challenges-advocating for the adoption of multi-jurisdictional hazard mitigation planning, a strategy successfully implemented in many states. By organizing and implementing plans through permanently employed professional hazard mitigation specialists, Rhode Island can achieve higher-quality plans with more effective implementation.Benefits:Enhanced Quality: Learn how multi-jurisdictional planning can result in plans of superior quality.Effective Implementation: Understand how this approach can lead to more effective implementation of hazard mitigation strategies.Reduced Risks: Discover how a strategic focus on natural hazard vulnerabilities can significantly reduce risks for residents and businesses in Rhode Island.Act Now!"Strategies for Eco-Friendly Farming Practices" is not just a book-it's a call to action for a more resilient and sustainable future. Dive into the pages of this insightful guide and be part of the movement towards a safer, more secure Rhode Island.Secure your copy today and be a catalyst for positive change!Eco-friendly farming;Hazard mitigation planning;Sustainable agriculture;Rhode Island resilience;Multi-jurisdictional planning;Hazard mitigation specialists;Public education on natural hazards;Measurable evaluation criteria;Continuous staffing in planning;Community resilience;Natural disaster preparedness;Risk reduction strategies;Local hazard mitigation;Agriculture sustainability;Rhode Island Emergency Management Agency;Specialized expertise in mitigation;Computerized analysis techniques;Community coordination;Resilient communities;Effective implementation of mitigation

This lecture provides an introduction to transmission line effects in the time domain. Fundamentals including time of flight, impedance discontinuities, proper termination schemes, nonlinear and reactive loads, and crosstalk are considered. Required prerequisite knowledge is limited to conventional circuit theory. The material is intended to supplement standard textbooks for use with undergraduate students in electrical engineering or computer engineering. The contents should also be of value to practicing engineers with interests in signal integrity and high-speed digital design. Table of Contents: Introduction / Solution of the Transmission Line Equations / DC Signals on a Resistively Loaded Transmission Line / Termination Schemes / Equivalent Circuits, Cascaded Lines, and Fan-Outs / Initially-Charged Transmission Lines / Finite Duration Pulses on Transmission Lines / Transmission Lines with Reactive Terminations / Lines with Nonlinear Loads / Crosstalk on Weakly Coupled Transmission Lines

This study guide is designed for students taking a Calculus III course. The textbook includes examples, questions, and practice problems that will help students to review and sharpen their knowledge of the subject and enhance their performance in the classroom. The material covered in the book includes linear algebra and analytical geometry; lines, surfaces, and vector functions in three-dimensional coordinate systems; multiple-variable functions; multiple integrals and their applications; line integrals and their applications. Offering detailed solutions, multiple methods for solving problems, and clear explanations of concepts, this hands-on guide will improve students¿ problem-solving skills and foster a solid understanding of calculus, which will benefit them in all of their calculus-based courses.

This monograph provides a new framework for modelling goals and functions of control systems. It demonstrates how to use means-end concepts and various aspects of action to describe the relations between the structure, dispositions, functions, and goals of technical systems and with human action.The author developed this approach as part of his research on Multilevel Flow Modelling (MFM). He based the framework on concepts of action and means-end analysis drawing on existing theories from several areas of study, including philosophical logic, semiotics, and phenomenological approaches to social science. Here, he applies it to three modeling situations related to the interaction of technical artefacts and humans. One involves the relation between designer and artefact, another the relation between technical artefact and its user, and the third the relation between a natural object and its user. All three are relevant for modelling complex automated processes interacting with human operators.The book also discusses challenges when applying the foundations for modelling of technical artefacts. Overall, it provides a cross disciplinary integration of several fields of knowledge. These disciplines include intelligent process control, human machine interaction, and process and automation design. As a result, researchers and graduate students in computer science, engineering, and philosophy of technology will find it a valuable resource.

Bio-based materials, including those containing wood, will become increasingly important as we move to a bio-based economy. Among their many attributes, it is vitally important that these materials are renewable, sustainable with proper management and environmentally benign.  Wood remains one of our most important bio-based materials. While it is an amazing material, wood still has negative attributes and drawbacks that can affect performance, including dimensional instability when wetted, vulnerability to fire and high temperatures, and susceptibility to biodeterioration. A variety of treatments have been developed to overcome these weaknesses. Among the most exciting of these treatments are nanomaterials. These materials have some exceptionally attractive properties for improving timber performance and have been the subject of intensive research over the past decade. There is a tremendous need for a single comprehensive source of information on this rapidly emerging subject with tremendous potential to enhance the performance of a variety of bio-based materials. This book contains 10 chapters, each compiled by different author(s) who are considered the top researcher(s) in their respective fields. The chapters begin with some basic background on nanomaterials and their synthesis, then explore different areas for potential applications and conclude with a review of the emerging questions about nanomaterial safety. The book is designed to provide the latest information and know-how on application and utilization of different nanomaterials to improve the properties of wood and wood-based composite panels. The contents cover some main topics in the industry including improving physical and mechanical properties, increasing resistance to biodegradation (including fungi and insects), developing wood-plastic composites (WPC), applying nanomaterials in paper and board industry, and emergence of transparent wood and radiation shielding. It also covers the use of nanomaterials to improve the performance of paints and finishes used for forest products. The book provides a single location for those interested in the field to begin.

The digitization of factories promises great potential benefits. The implementation of the various technologies for the smart factory is extremely complex, requires new competencies and necessitates significant investments. The question is: How can an industrial company successfully manage this transformation? For this purpose, more than 500 published use cases were screened. These could be categorized into 44 relevant use cases, which we describe in detail in the book. Our research has also shown that strategy and goal orientation must be at the core of the change. Furthermore, the combination of employee knowledge and use of technology is central to success. This led to the creation of our smart factory implementation approach. In various research and consulting projects we were able to apply this process and realize successful implementations in different companies. This 7-step process starts with the selection of promising use cases, followed by a prioritization step, adaptation to the company-specific context and a detailing of the information needs for the different management levels. Stringent project management helps the user achieve positive results that can then be rolled out on a global scale. This process is not only applicable to the "e;actual factory"e; but can also be used to design smart services for the factory of tomorrow. ContentSmart factory definition and characterization The smart factory navigator The smart factory framework Description of the 44 use cases for the smart factory Technology mapping in relation to the 44 use cases Smart factory implementation process Smart services for the smart factory

This book captures the author's 35+ years of learning & experience in the semiconductor chip industry to provide a proven roadmap for successful, new product introduction process, tailored specifically to the semiconductor industry. The content includes a simplified process flow, success metrics, execution guidelines, checklists & calculators. The presentation is based on a product engineering centric "e;NPI hub"e; and the author guides readers through the complete process of semiconductor new product introduction, ensuring a successful plan execution.

Perception of the environment is an essential skill for robotic applications that interact with their surroundings. The ability to recognize objects, people, or dynamic situations often comes with perception.. This skill is of paramount importance in many use cases, from industrial to social robotics. Robots that can accurately perceive and understand their environment are critical for tasks like manufacturing, delivery, healthcare, and assisting humans in homes or public spaces. Object recognition enables robots to identify items, tools, and obstacles in their vicinity. This allows industrial robots to select the right parts or manipulators, allows logistics robots to handle packages, and allows autonomous vehicles to avoid collisions. Activity recognition allows robots to interpret human motions and behaviors. This facilitates safe and intuitive collaboration in shared workspaces. It also permits service robots to determine user intent and respond appropriately. People recognition provides robots the means to identify individuals. This capability supports applications like personalized assistance, healthcare monitoring, and security surveillance. Altogether, these skills make up the fundamental building blocks for robots to operate adaptively in the real world.

Building decarbonization is now becoming a prerequisite for achieving the Paris Agreement objectives and many UN Sustainable Development Goals. This reprint contains a range of research articles and review articles with a foucs on energy savings, storage, and carbon emission mitigation applications in buildings to address some of the global imperatives and stringent environmental standards related to building energy efficiency, resilience, and sustainability.

For 30 years, "Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly" has been the definitive guide for both seasoned part designers and novices to the field, facilitating cost-effective design decisions and ensuring that the plastic parts and products will stand up under use.The detailed yet simplified discussion of material selection, manufacturing techniques, and assembly procedures enables the reader to evaluate plastic materials and design plastic parts with confidence. Good joint design and implementation, the geometry and nature of the component parts, the types of load involved, and other fundamental information necessary for a successful outcome are all included. Throughout, the treatment is practice-oriented and focused on everyday problems and situations.The 10th edition includes an extensive revision of the chapter on welding techniques for plastics, including a new subchapter on hot gas welding. There are also many more minor updates, improvements, and corrections throughout, including numerous new color figures.

This essential collection, edited by Dr. Zeheng Wang and Dr. Jing-Kai Huang, unveils the latest advancements in semiconductor technology that are considered to be the cornerstone of the modern digital era. Spanning cutting-edge research in semiconductor materials, devices, and systems, this reprint is an indispensable guide through the innovative realms of microelectronics and nanotechnology.Dive into expert discussions on device architectures, from high-electron-mobility transistors to innovative designs resistant to extreme conditions. Explore the frontiers of material science and fabrication techniques, witnessing groundbreaking methods that enhance device performance and reliability. Uncover the evolving landscape of energy efficiency and power management, crucial for next-generation telecommunications and electric vehicles. Lastly, immerse yourself in the dynamic world of optoelectronics, where advancements in light-based technologies are redefining possibilities.Bringing together pioneering research papers, this volume is not just an academic resource but a beacon for industry professionals and scholars alike, pointing the way to the future of semiconductor technology.

Industrial/commercial centers and residential consumers require different types of energy such as electrical, heat, and natural gas. Nowadays, many types of energy resources are available. Traditionally, energy is operated and planned separately, but their combination may be synergistic. Hence, penetration of multi-energy systems has been raised in the real world, e.g., co-generation combined heat and power systems. The process of combining various types of energy is also called a multi-carrier energy system, which increases energy efficiency. In addition, the rapid development of technologies has resulted in amplifying the joint operation of the multi-generation systems. This highlights the importance of focusing on multiple alternatives such as integration of renewable energy sources, effective energy conservation, energy storage, etc. The main purpose of the proposed topic was to cover research in electrical, mechanical engineering, and thermal sciences, with a strong concentration on multi-energy analysis, integrated energy systems, multi-energy systems modeling, operation and planning of integrated energy systems, energy conversion, efficiency, renewable energy and electricity supply, including small and large demand scales. It also welcomed research on the technologies of energy storage and electric vehicles.

This is a reprint of a Special Issue of Energies, titled "Condition Monitoring and Failure Prevention of Electric Machines". This Special Issue primarily focused on the issues related to the advanced monitoring, diagnosis, and prevention of typical and complex faults in all kinds of electric machines. Four guest editors, namely Prof. Yu-Ling He (Department of Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China), Prof. David Gerada (PEMC group, University of Nottingham, UK), Prof. Conggan Ma (School of Automotive Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, China), and Prof. Haisen Zhao (School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, North China Electric Power University, China), worked together on this Special Issue.

The pursuit of industrial process improvement has been a continuous task in modern manufacturing and production. The confluence of automation and robotics has not only revolutionized manufacturing processes but has also redefined the benchmarks of efficiency, precision, and adaptability in various industries. This reprint, "Industrial Process Improvement by Automation and Robotics", is a comprehensive collection of research papers, each chapter delving into distinct facets of the integration of automation and robotics to enhance industrial processes across diverse applications. The compilation of fourteen chapters covers a broad spectrum of topics, addressing the latest technological advancements and innovative methodologies employed in industrial automation.The primary aim of this reprint is to serve as a compendium for researchers, engineers, industrial practitioners, and academicians actively involved or interested in the domains of automation, robotics, and industrial process improvement. The multidisciplinary approach of these chapters caters to a diverse audience seeking in-depth knowledge, innovative strategies, and insightful perspectives in this evolving field.

Active flow control (AFC) utilizes local active perturbations to induce changes in global flow behavior that result in aero/hydrodynamic performance improvement. It has been a vibrant research area with potential applications in a wide range of engineering fields. This Special Issue is a collection of 11 excellent research papers published in Actuators, showcasing and discussing new advances in both fundamental and applied AFC technologies.

In modern society, the applications of new functional materials are diverse and countless. Intermetallics, namely, compounds formed by two or more metallic elements, are among the various novel and significant materials developments. Intermetallics have received considerable attention owing to their potential for various applications, such as permanent magnets, magneto-optical recording media, hydrogen storage and magnetocaloric materials, turbine blades, and in microelectronics. With a favorable combination of high strength, low density, and good corrosion resistance, intermetallics are specifically suited for applications at high temperatures and in adverse environments. They can also display desirable magnetic, superconducting, and chemical properties due to their strong internal order and mixed metallic and covalent or ionic bonding, respectively. This Special Issue "Intermetallic Compound (Volume II)" is launched to serve as a unique multidisciplinary forum covering broad aspects of the science, technology, and application of intermetallic compounds. Potential topics include but are not limited to: Synthesis of intermetallic compounds; Characteristics of structural properties; Type of intermetallic compounds; Unique properties; Applications.

Things Mother Used to Make A Collection of Old Time Recipes, Some Nearly One Hundred Years Old and Never Published Before, is a classical and a rare book, that has been considered important throughout the human history, and so that this work is never forgotten we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and redesigned. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work, and hence their text is clear and readable. This remarkable volume falls within the genres of Technology Home economics

Dieses Praxisbuch beschreibt, wie Produkte jeglicher Art und aus beliebigen Disziplinen entsprechend den Vorstellungen und Anforderungen von Kund:innen und Nutzer:innen sowie den Möglichkeiten des Anbieters entstehen. Mit dem Integrated Design Engineering (IDE) werden Produkte humanzentriert, nachhaltig, integriert, ganzheitlich und interdisziplinär entwickelt. Dabei werden alle Einflüsse aus dem Produktlebenszyklus bereits in der Produktentwicklung berücksichtigt. IDE unterstützt die Verbesserung von Prozessen, Methoden und Werkzeugen, den effizienten Einsatz rechnerunterstützter Werkzeuge der Produktmodellierung sowie die Wissensverarbeitung und das dynamische Prozess- und Projektmanagement. Dieser Praxisleitfaden bietet einen vielseitig einsetzbaren und personalisierbaren Methodenbaukasten zum erfolgreichen Durchführen von Produktentwicklungsprojekten mit IDE. Die vorliegende Auflage enthält ein neues Anwendungsbeispiel sowie aktualisierte Beiträge.Der InhaltGrundlagen des IDE - Attribute zur Beschreibung des Leistungsvermögens eines Produkts - Projektorganisation - Methoden - Querschnittsfunktionen - Aus der PraxisDie ZielgruppenProduktentwickelnde und Führungskräfte aus der PraxisAlle an der Produktentwicklung interessierten Studierenden aus Ingenieurwissenschaften, Informatik, Industriedesign, Marketing, Wirtschaftswissenschaften und EntrepreneurshipDie HerausgeberDr.-Ing. Stefanie Rothkötter ist Designerin und Absolventin des Masterstudiengangs IDE. Sie befasst sich mit den Einsatzmöglichkeiten von Grafik- und Produktdesign im universitären Technologietransfer.Prof. Dr.-Ing. Dr. h.c. Sándor Vajna forscht und lehrt seit vielen Jahren auf dem Gebiet der ganzheitlichen Produktentwicklung und der dazu sinnvollen Unterstützungsmaßnahmen. Gemeinsam mit den Mitarbeitenden seines Lehrstuhls für Maschinenbauinformatik an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg entwickelte er das Integrated Design Engineering und den darauf aufbauenden Masterstudiengang IDE.