Tekstiler og fibre

De fleste af os er godt klar over, at hyppig udskiftning i garderoben kan være problematisk, og at farvning af tekstiler kan svine. Men hvorfor er det tilfældet? Og hvad får det helt konkret af konsekvenser for naturen og mennesker, der arbejder i industrien? Problemerne i tekstilindustrien er desværre meget komplekse, da der er virkelig mange aktører, der ud fra ganske forskellige dagsordener tilsammen udgør industrien. Det er endt med at give en lang række problemer, der ikke lader sig løse uden handling hos brands, forbrugere og lovgivere. Vi er ved at drukne i tekstiler, særligt dårligt producerede og ubæredygtige af slagsen. Men hvor skal vi begynde, og hvor skulle vi gerne nå hen, når vi skal ændre tekstilindustrien og få den i en ansvarlig og grøn retning? Vores tøj – verdens ressourcer er en fag- og debatbog om tekstilindustriens problemer, og hvordan vi kommer dem til livs. På baggrund af flere års faglig research giver tekstilentreprenørerne Markus Hatting og Esben Licht en let tilgængelig indsigt i den komplekse industri. Først gives et faktabaseret overblik over industrien. Derefter dykkes der ned i problemerne og de komplekse relationer mellem aktørerne, der forårsager dem, inden en række forslag til handling fremsættes. Til sidst i bogen er den en guide til, hvad du som forbruger kan gøre for at hjælpe tekstilindustrien i den rigtige retning.

Nanocarbon polymer biocomposites have gained increased attention from both researchers and manufacturers due to the significant improvement in their physico-mechanical, thermal and barrier properties when compared to conventional materials. Their dimensions, biodegradable character, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability are among the main drivers for increasing demand. However, it is difficult to achieve uniform dispersion between the carbon filler and matrix as it easily forms agglomerations. Production of nanocarbon polymer biocomposites with high mechanical and thermal properties is also limited, but there has been rapid progress in processing possibilities to produce nanocomposites based on various biodegradable fillers. Advanced Nanocarbon Polymer Biocomposites: Sustainability Towards Zero Biowaste collects all these novel scientific findings in one place. It discusses in detail their physical, chemical, and electrical properties and presents the latest research findings on nanocarbon polymer biocomposites with filler loadings and their improvement on compatibility. The book will be of great interest for those researchers who are concerned with the production and use of nanocarbon polymer biocomposites as a new innovative advanced material.

Nanocomposites for Environmental, Energy and Agricultural Applications presents a comprehensive overview of recent developments and prospects for nanocomposites in sustainable/green energy production, water/wastewater treatment as well as crop production. Each chapter introduces the fundamental principles as well as the design and characterization of nanocomposites for various applications. This includes detailed discussions of nanocomposites technology, including mixed matrix membranes for water and gas separation, nanohybrid catalysts for organic pollutants degradation and sustainable energy production as well as advanced nanocomposites of different structural dimensions (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) for agricultural utilization. The book also discusses the challenges of lab-based research towards industrial implementation and related case studies based on pilot and full-scale processes. At the end of each chapter, future opportunities for improvement will be provided to offer researchers a new research direction. The book will be a practical guide for researchers and scientists working in the fields of nanotechnology and nanomaterials science and technology.

"Manufacturing Excellence and Quality Management in Sustainable Fashion Apparel: Strategies for Lean Production and Environmental Responsibility" provides a comprehensive roadmap for optimizing apparel manufacturing processes while prioritizing quality, sustainability, and efficiency, with a specific focus on cut and sew garments. From design conception to the final product, the book offers practical insights into integrating lean manufacturing principles, quality control measures, and sustainable practices throughout the apparel production cycle.The book highlights the integration of lean manufacturing principles to optimize operational efficiency and resource utilization, including manufacturing setup and layout. By eliminating waste and non-value-added activities, and by carefully planning the layout of manufacturing facilities, manufacturers can streamline workflows, reduce production costs, and minimize environmental impact. Sustainable practices, such as eco-friendly materials and ethical sourcing, are seamlessly integrated into lean manufacturing strategies, aligning with consumer demand for ethically-produced fashion. Through a combination of lean principles and sustainable initiatives, the book provides a holistic approach to apparel manufacturing, empowering businesses to thrive in a competitive market while contributing to a more environmentally conscious industry.Beginning with product development and design, the book emphasizes the importance of creativity and innovation in aligning with sustainability goals. It guides manufacturers through the stages of conceptualization, prototyping, and sampling, emphasizing collaboration between design and production teams to ensure garments meet both aesthetic and sustainable criteria. Leveraging advancements in sewing equipment and technology, manufacturers can streamline design iterations, reducing lead times and optimizing resources.Throughout the manufacturing process, comprehensive quality control measures play a pivotal role in maintaining product integrity and consistency. From material sourcing to final inspection, meticulous attention to detail ensures adherence to quality standards and sustainability objectives. By implementing robust quality management systems, manufacturers can identify and address issues proactively, minimizing defects and rework while enhancing customer satisfaction and brand reputation.In summary, 'Manufacturing Excellence and Quality Management in Sustainable Fashion Apparel' offers actionable strategies for achieving operational excellence, quality management, and sustainability in apparel manufacturing. By combining innovative design, rigorous quality control, lean manufacturing principles, and sustainable practices, the book provides invaluable guidance for professionals across the fashion business spectrum, from seasoned industry veterans to aspiring entrepreneurs and enthusiasts alike. With its comprehensive approach to integrating sustainability, quality, and efficiency into every aspect of apparel production, this book serves as an indispensable resource. Furthermore, readers benefit from a rich array of case studies, blending fictionalized scenarios with real-world examples, providing practical insights and inspiration for navigating the complexities of the fashion industry while driving positive change.

This vintage book contains some concise but useful facts about leather, boots, and shoes. Although old, much of the information contained within this volume is timeless and will be of considerable utility to modern readers. From the manufacturing of leather to things to consider when buying leather boots, this volume contains information that will benefit those with an interest in leather footwear. Contents include: "Hide Dealers", "Leather Manufacturers", "Character of Leather", "Shoddy", "Effect of Oil on Leather", "Description of Cuts", "Cost of Making goods", "A 'Good Fit' Desirable", "What Boots to Buy", "We Sell to Jobbers Only", and "One Hundred Dollars Reward". Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. We are republishing this volume now in an affordable, modern edition complete with a specially commissioned new introduction on leather crafting. First published in 1872.

Fibre hybridisation is a well-established methodology to enhance the failure strains of ¿bre reinforced composites. In a hybrid ¿bre composite, the matrix is reinforced by two or more types of ¿bres, with typically a large sti¿ness contrast. When exactly two types of ¿bres are used for reinforcement, the ¿bres with greater sti¿ness are conventionally called the low extension (LE) ¿bres, while those with greater compliance are called high extension (HE) ¿bres. Hybrid ¿bre composites are typically divided into three cate- gories. If layers of LE and HE ¿bres are stacked over one other, an interlayer or layer-by-layer con¿guration is obtained. If yarns of LE and HE ¿bres are co-woven to form a hybrid ¿bre composite, an intralayer or yarn-by-yarn con¿guration is obtained. Finally, if the LE and HE ¿bres are randomly mixed together, the intrayarn or ¿bre-by-¿bre con¿guration is obtained. From a manufacturing perspec- tive, it is most di¿cult to produce intrayarn composites, and easiest to produce interlayer composites. Hybridisation seeks to combine the advantages of both ¿bre types and alleviate some of the disadvantages. As an example, carbon ¿bre reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites exhibit good strength to weight ratio, but undergo brittle failure leading to low fracture toughness. On the other hand, glass ¿bre reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites exhibit ductile failure, but süer from a relatively higher density than CFRPs, resulting in a lower strength to weight ratio. By combining the carbon ¿bres and glass ¿bres at a microscopic level, intermediate properties can be achieved.

Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook: Processing, Sustainability, Materials, and Applications, Third Edition presents the fundamentals of plastics engineering, helping bring readers up-to-speed on new plastics, materials, processing and technology. This revised and expanded edition includes the latest developments in plastics, including areas such as biodegradable and biobased plastics, plastic waste, smart polymers, and 3D printing. Sections cover traditional plastics, elastomeric materials, bio-based materials, additives, colorants, fillers and plastics processing, including various key technologies, plastic recycling and waste. The final part of the book examines design and applications, with substantial updates made to reflect advancements in technology, regulations, and commercialization. Throughout the handbook, the focus is on engineering aspects of producing and using plastics. Properties of plastics are explained, along with techniques for testing, measuring, enhancing, and analyzing them. Practical introductions to both core topics and new developments make this work equally valuable for newly qualified plastics engineers seeking the practical rules-of-thumb they don't teach you in school and experienced practitioners evaluating new technologies or getting up-to-speed in a new field.

Flexible devices based on metal oxides: Achievements and prospects focuses on the integration of flexibility in electronic circuitry, sensing applications, energy conversion and storage, and environmental remediation. Flexibility in these applications offers great potential, especially in the areas of wearable sensors, solar cells, transistors, electronic skin, and human body monitoring. The book investigates flexible and wearable devices based on metal oxide nanostructures or thin films that are capable of bending, rolling, compression, and folding, all while maintaining their performance. Metal oxide nanomaterials display exceptional properties that include mechanical stress tolerance, high optical transparency, high carrier mobilities, wide band gap, high dielectric constant, and superconductivity, amongst others. In some cases, they are also earth abundant, environmentally benign, cost-effective, chemically stable, and compatible with low-cost wet-chemical synthesis routes. The focus of the book is on wearables manufactured using sustainable manufacturing methods and integrated into substrates that are flexible, inexpensive, recyclable, abundant, and lightweight, including polymer, textile, cellulose and cork substrates.

Advances in Functionalized Polymer Nanocomposites: From Synthesis to Applications presents a detailed review on the synthesis, fundamental chemistry, properties, and applications of these high-performance materials. The book's introductory chapter provides a brief overview of the various types of organic and inorganic nanofillers used for the synthesis of polymer nanocomposites. Emphasis is placed on their fundamental chemistry, processing methods, functionalization, and/or surface modification strategies. The dispersion state and their specific interaction with polymer matrices is also discussed in detail, as well as characterization techniques for functionalized nanofillers and functionalized polymer nanocomposites, and their properties, and applications.The book will be a valuable reference source for scientists, engineers, and postgraduate students working in the field of polymer science and technology, materials science and engineering, composites, and nanocomposites.

Sensory Polymers: From their Design to Practical Applications discusses recent developments in the field of sensory polymers and showcases the potential applications of these materials in food control and security, civil security, the biomedical field, environmental control and remediation, industrial control of chemicals, and more. Written by worldwide experts in the field, chapters provide in-depth knowledge on several different polymer sensors and their response to different stimuli, which makes this book a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students in polymer science, materials science, and chemistry, as well as those interested on sensing applications and chemical sensory systems, including industry R&D.

Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-based Composite Materials: Materials, Processes, and Properties presents the latest developments in additive manufacturing of polymer matrix composites and illustrates the large range of composite materials that can be obtained. Different technologies are presented with their own specificities such as: fused filament fabrication, wet fiber placement, stereolithography, and direct-ink-writing. Composites with chopped or continuous reinforcement, with synthetic or natural fibers, with thermoplastic or thermoset resin are compared and described in detail. Their thermal, physical, electrical, and mechanical properties are discussed.The book is dedicated to professionals involved in engineering design and production, as well as industrial communities who want to gain in-depth knowledge in the field of 3D printed composites.

Non-halogenated Flame-Retardant Technology for Epoxy Resins, Thermosets and Composites provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the latest advances and technological developments in the field. Chapters cover important flame-retardant systems based on phosphorus, nitrogen, silicon, and boron as well as novel flame retardant epoxy nanocomposites such as graphene, graphitic carbon nitride, MoS2, phosphorene, CNTs, LDHs, and POSS. The use of flame retardant epoxy thermosets and composites in varying applications are also covered, for example, in coatings and paints, in electric and electronic applications, and in aviation and automotive sectors. This comprehensive book will be an essential reference resource for academic and industrial researchers as well as materials scientists and polymer engineers. It will also be ideal for anyone working in the development of flame retardant epoxy-based materials.

Non-Destructive Testing of Impact Damage in Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Fundamentals and Applications provides detailed knowledge on the fundamentals and applications of frequently used NDT techniques used to assess impact damage in composite structures. The book starts with a detailed introduction to impact damage in composite structures. Then, based on the nature, capabilities, and limitations of different NDT techniques, the book is divided into six different parts, including vision-based, acoustic-based, radiation-based, laser-based, and electric-based methods, fiber optics are also covered in detail. Each section also includes subsections discussing the different techniques used in each category. The book is complemented at the end with a section dedicated to future trends in non-destructive evaluation of impact damage in composite materials. A useful reference for both academic and industrial researchers, the book covers the fundamentals, practical tips, and applications, as well as current research trends and future possibilities for each technique.

Biotechnological Production of Bioactive Phytochemicals of Medicinal Value: A Comprehensive Treatise covers a broad variety of methods for secondary metabolites production (both pharmaceuticals and cosmeceuticals), compiling state-of-the-art material about the current knowledge of in vitro production for a large number of bioactive phytochemicals. Plants are a source of bioactive compounds and specialty chemicals such as ginsenosides; paclitaxel, artemisinin, veregen and nutraceuticals. Biopharmaceuticals are important in human healthcare, and herbal actives are gaining importance all over the world. With natural resources dwindling, in vitro production of secondary compounds on a commercial scale is being more and more required. Besides providing an alternative technology to bypass difficulties, the plant tissue culture (used in a broad sense to include cell, tissue, and organ culture) offers many advantages. In vitro technology also facilitates novel means of conserving the genetic diversity of the germplasm of medicinal plants through cryopreservation, production of novel compounds through biotransformation, somatic hybridization, and selective gene transfer through recombinant DNA technology for enhancing metabolite production.

Synthetic and Mineral Fibers, Their Composites and Applications reviews recent advances and technological developments in this important research field. The book provides an up-to-date record of significant research findings and observations along with an update on current and future potential applications. The book provides vital information on recent advancements, modern processing technologies, manufacturing, and applications and summarizes lifecycle and performance parameters for these types of composites. This book will be a valuable reference resource for academic and industrial researchers and materials scientists and engineers working in the development of polymer composite materials reinforced with synthetic and mineral fibers for applications in aerospace, medical, defense, automotive and construction sectors.

This easy-to-understand guide provides the necessary information to implement a scientific molding program. It is a hands-on reference for people on the molding floor, including those previously lacking theoretical background or formal education.The book covers how the injection molding machine prepares the plastic and understanding of plastic flow. The functions of the main machine components are explained and understanding of correct procedures and testing is developed. Each step of the process is clearly explained in a step-by-step manner, and simple examples of important calculations are provided. The practical approach is augmented by useful guides for troubleshooting and machine set-up. The 2nd edition has a new chapter covering the effects of making specific changes to the process, as well as a number of other improvements throughout. Bonus download included: Excel spreadsheet with tests for process and machine performance.Contents1. Injection Unit: Screw2. Injection Unit: Barrel3. Clamping Unit4. Ejectors/Controllers, Human Machine Interface (HMI)5. Machine Performance Testing6. Process Development Test7. Plastic Temperature8. Plastic Flow9. Plastic Pressure (Pack/Hold)10. Cooling11. Benchmarking the Injection Molding Process12. Process Troubleshooting13. What is Important on a Set-Up Sheet?14. Commonly Used Conversion Factors and Formulas15. Machine Set-Up16. Things That Hurt the Bottom Line of a Company17. Terms and Definitions

This text- and workbook provides a clearly written, comprehensive introduction to the major topics associated with plastics technology, from basic chemistry and processing methods to the problem of waste and the issue of recycling plastics. Guiding questions at the beginning of each lesson help the reader to work through the material in a targeted manner; success checks at the end of each lesson enable the reader to review what he/she has learned. It thus facilitates independent, self-paced learning, meeting the requirements of modern vocational training.

"Sustainable Packaging Materials" provides a concise introduction to the principles and practices of packaging sustainability. It addresses the important issues that concern packaging professionals, decision makers, managers, CTOs, legislators, researchers, and students, including the viability and future of recycling, bio- and oxo-degradable materials, and plastics alternatives such as paper, glass, and metal. Also covered are new regulations such as the extended producer responsibility (EPR) laws, their consequences as to what materials are likely to be banned, and whether microplastics should be a concern for packaging companies.Written by an experienced professor, educator, author, inventor, and entrepreneur, this book offers uniquely clear answers to these challenges, helping readers to identify packaging materials that are likely to be phased out to meet new regulations, and to find alternatives to benefit their research and businesses. They will also be equipped to follow guidelines on the use of various packaging materials to stay ahead of the demands of the industry, and to make informed choices about packaging materials by considering sustainability, performance, and cost. Furthermore, they will be informed of the emerging packaging trends in both academia and industry, and understand the issues associated with microplastic pollution, and the actions recommended to mitigate these challenges.