Hydraulik

Anvendt elektroteknik – forsyningsanlæg til elektriske installationer er en lærebog, der retter sig mod studerende, som ønsker at opnå kompetencer inden for højspændingsteknik. Bogen har særlig fokus på, at læseren får et overblik og kan se den systematik, der er fælles for transmissionsnettet og distributionsnettet. Anvendt elektroteknik – forsyningsanlæg til elektriske installationer gør sig fri af specifikke typer effektafbrydere og behandler mere generelle indstillinger. Bogen benytter impedansmetoden, der er en enkel metode og sikker nok til at foretage beregninger af kortslutningerne på 10 kV eller 20 kV niveau, samt på lavspændingsnettet. Bogen er målrettet de videregående tekniske uddannelser, især elinstallatøruddannelsen og maskinmesteruddannelsen, men kan også anvendes som håndbog af elrådgivere. Bogen er tillige rettet mod at opnå læringsmål svarende til el-autorisationsprøvens første opgave. Den er skrevet som et værktøj, der øger analyseniveauet hos de teknikere, elektrikere og el-ansvarligere, der arbejder med sikkerhed i elinstallationer, som er påvirket af højspændingsnettet.

Water resources engineering is a subfield of civil engineering that is involved in the study and management of the equipment, facilities and techniques that are used to manage and preserve water. The budgetary concerns, government regulations and other factors are also handled within this field while designing and constructing such equipment and systems. Water resources engineering seeks to address the complicated problems associated with groundwater, hydrology, river flow and flood plain management, sediment transport, pipe flow, hydraulic structures, water distribution, climate change, environmental studies, etc. It also plays an important role in ensuring the safety of drinking water for consumption by humans, plants and animals. This book provides significant information related to water management and engineering which will help the reader develop a good understanding of the basic concepts of modern water resources engineering. It is a complete source of knowledge on the present status of this important field.

A river catchment is an area of land where the rainwater collects. Catchment management requires managing all the components of the hydrological cycle that operate within a catchment. Reservoirs are artificial or natural lakes that are used as a source of water supply. River catchments and reservoirs play a critical role in ensuring water security, community wellbeing, and socio-economic prosperity. In many parts of the world, the reservoirs are under increasing pressure to meet the challenges from population growth, economic activities, and changing climates. Water resource management refers to the activity of developing, planning, distributing and managing all such water resources efficiently. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in catchment and water resources management. It is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

Remote sensing refers to a process involving the identification and observation of the topographies of a region by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation from a distance. It involves gathering information about objects or regions from distant objects such as aircrafts, satellites and drones. It is commonly used for gathering information about the Earth's surface from space. Weather forecasting, natural disaster research, land-use mapping, resource exploration, and environmental research are some of the prominent applications of remote sensing. One of the significant applications of remote sensing is in hydrology, where it can be used for measuring several hydrological variables over a region repeatedly. The hydrological variables measured by remote sensing include surface temperature, snow water equivalent, surface soil moisture, snow covered area and land cover. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex studies on the role of remote sensing in hydrology. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find it full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Environmental engineering is the creation of infrastructure and procedures for waste disposal, water supply, and pollution control. It is a broad field that incorporates hydrology, geology, microbiology, chemistry, mathematics, ecology, hydraulics and economics. Hydrology refers to the study of water cycling through various reservoirs on the Earth. It focuses on the effects of climate on the water cycle and the distribution of water in the atmosphere, subsurface and surface. It also studies the chemistry of water from different sources. The vast majority of hydrologic applications involve surface water systems such as estuaries, rivers, and open-channels. Geographically, the study of hydrology is divided into three areas, namely, surface water hydrology, groundwater hydrology (hydrogeology), and marine hydrology. Some of the major areas of study within hydrology are hydrogeology, hydrometeorology, drainage-basin management, water quality and surface hydrology. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of hydrology and environmental engineering. It consists of contributions made by international experts. Scientists and students actively engaged in these fields will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Hydraulics refers to the study of fluids in motion or at rest. It is associated with fluid mechanics, which serves as a major theoretical groundwork. Hydraulics is concerned with the mechanical properties of liquids and focuses on the engineering applications of fluid properties. Hydraulic systems use an incompressible fluid such as water or oil to transfer forces from one location to another within the fluid. Hydraulic engineering applies the principles of fluid mechanics to solve issues involving the collection, storage, control, regulation, transportation, measurement and use of water. Dam design, hydropower, erosion, pipe flow, river channel behavior, pumps, computational fluid dynamics, turbines and flow measurement, and river hydrology are some of the industrial applications of hydraulics. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends related to the study of hydraulics from an engineering perspective. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Hydraulic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that deals with the flow of fluid, typically water and sewage, through conduits and makes use of gravity for the movement of fluid. It involves designing structures with the capacity to remove or divert water from the roadways and pass the collected water from under the roadway. Hydraulic engineering is also concerned with the technical challenges involved in sewerage design and water infrastructure. It is used for creating bridges, sewers, dams, canals, etc. The computational aspects of hydraulics with respect to civil engineering problems are dealt with under the discipline of computational hydraulics, which contains methods and techniques for numerical simulation of water flows in natural or manmade systems with the aid of computers. In such systems, flow and transport is modeled using computer tools such as computer graphics, statistical analysis methods, electronic databases, and spreadsheets. This book contains some path-breaking studies related to computation, analysis, and modeling within hydraulic engineering. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and postgraduate students.

Fluid mechanics refers to the branch of physics that studies the mechanics of forces acting on fluids such as plasmas, gases and liquids. It is used in many disciplines such as geophysics, meteorology, chemical and biological engineering, mechanical engineering, oceanography, biology, civil engineering and astrophysics. It is classified into two parts including fluid dynamics, which studies the effect of forces on fluid motion, and fluid statics, which studies fluids at rest. Hydraulic machines work by utilizing liquid fluid power to perform their work, such as heavy construction vehicles. These machines generally pump hydraulic fluid to numerous hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors throughout the machine and it gets pressurized based on the resistance. From theories to research to practical applications, studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to fluid mechanics and hydraulic machinery have been included in this book. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Hydroinformatics is a subfield of informatics that focuses on the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) to address the major issues related to the effective and equitable use of water for a variety of purposes. Hydrodynamics is a branch of physics, which is engaged in the study of the motion of fluids as well as the forces acting on the solid bodies submerged in fluids. Hydraulics refers to a type of technology that involves the utilization of liquids and their mechanical properties. It is an applied science based on chemistry, engineering, and other sciences. Concepts from the fields of environmental engineering, hydraulics, and hydrology along with other disciplines are integrated into hydroinformatics. This book unravels the recent studies in the fields of hydraulics, hydrodynamics, and hydroinformatics. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for graduate and post graduate students. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field.