Fossilt brændsel: teknologi

The process industry has an uphill task of innovating new processes and technologies in order to meet the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nation's Envision 2030. Adopting green processes and technologies would obviously help in accomplishing these goals. Thus, the focus is mainly on conservation of energy and the environment. The propionates, that are formed from small chain aliphatic alcohols are suitable as additives to high-speed diesel and motor spirit. This in turn reduces the consumption of fossil fuels. Further, polyesters are the only biodegradable polymers, because of which the polyesters are useful in many domestic, industrial and commercial applications. Therefore, the use of esters as insecticides and polyesters in the production of plastics is highly encouraged because of their biodegradable nature. The esters are also found to have wide applications in organic synthesis as intermediates and as well as finished products. As intermediates, the esters are important constituents in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals and fine organic chemicals. Many end products such as aspirin are also used as medicines. The esters as end products are useful as essential oils, fuel additives, medicines, and feed materials for a large number of industrial products.

Artificial Intelligence for a More Sustainable Oil and Gas Industry and the Energy Transition: Case Studies and Code Examples presents a package for academic researchers and industries working on water resources and carbon capture and storage. This book contains fundamental knowledge on artificial intelligence related to oil and gas sustainability and the industry’s pivot to support the energy transition and provides practical applications through case studies and coding flowcharts, addressing gaps and questions raised by academic and industrial partners, including energy engineers, geologists, and environmental scientists. This timely publication provides fundamental and extensive information on advanced AI applications geared to support sustainability and the energy transition for the oil and gas industry.

Energy Transport Infrastructure for a Decarbonized Economy evaluates the transportation of fluids required in the decarbonized energy economy. The book will help researchers, design manufacturers, and those within government and academia to understand challenges and guide the design and development of systems, machinery, and infrastructure needed for a decarbonized energy economy. The book provides comprehensive insights on the implications of the energy transition for a critical aspect of commerce: the infrastructure central to energy transportation and the economy. This practical book highlights the unique systems central to the efficient transport of various forms of energy. After outlining the need for transporting energy, types of fluids used to transport energy, and various means of transportation, the book covers the importance of understanding the energy marketplace, global perspectives, and then moves into the transport of natural gas, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. The work concludes with coverage of technology gaps, research and development, future trends, and solutions. Led by professionals with decades of experience and collecting insights from expert contributors, this book begins with the essentials of energy transport, provides detailed coverage of modes of transport, considers critical questions of energy supply and economics, and looks at long-term environmentally sensitive, sustainable options for the transport thereof. A powerful tool for the energy transition, Energy Transport Infrastructure for a Decarbonized Economy offers expert analysis on sustainable energy transport and its impact on our future.

Artificial Intelligence for Subsurface Characterization and Monitoring provides an in-depth examination of how deep learning accelerates the process of subsurface characterization and monitoring and provides an end-to-end solution. In recent years, deep learning has been introduced to the geoscience community to overcome some longstanding technical challenges. This book explores some of the most important topics in this discipline to explain the unique capability of deep learning in subsurface characterization for hydrocarbon exploration and production and for energy transition. Readers will discover deep learning methods that can improve the quality and efficiency of many of the key steps in subsurface characterization and monitoring. The text is organized into five parts. The first two parts explore deep learning for data enrichment and well log data, including information extraction from unstructured well reports as well as log data QC and processing. Next is a review of deep learning applied to seismic data and data integration, which also covers intelligent processing for clearer seismic images and rock property inversion and validation. The closing section looks at deep learning in time lapse scenarios, including sparse data reconstruction for reducing the cost of 4D seismic data, time-lapse seismic data repeatability enforcement, and direct property prediction from pre-migration seismic data.

Diesel Replacement 50% with Eco-Friendly Fuels" embarks on a journey towards sustainable transportation, addressing the environmental constraints posed by fossil fuels. In response to the urgent need for cleaner alternatives, the book delves into biodiesel, vegetable oil, and alcohol as promising alternatives, each renowned for their renewable nature and energy content. Fueled by the National Biofuel Policy of the Government of India, which advocates blending alcohol and biodiesel in the transportation sector, the book aligns with global efforts to reduce emissions. The research presented focuses on a pragmatic approach-50% replacement of mineral diesel with a blend of biodiesel, vegetable oil, and pentanol. This strategic blend aims to strike a balance between minimal engine alterations and efficient performance, ensuring a seamless transition toward greener energy. Unlike complete diesel replacement, this approach minimizes the need for extensive engine component modifications, making it a viable and cost-effective solution for the automotive industry. "Diesel Replacement 50% with Eco-Friendly Fuels" is an invaluable resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals seeking practical strategies to mitigate the environmental impact of transportation. It offers insights into a balanced and sustainable approach to fuel blending, contributing to the global initiative for cleaner and more eco-friendly mobility solutions.

Under The Lantern At Black Rocks is a novel written by Edward Augustus Rand and published in 1890. The book is set in a small fishing village on the coast of Maine and tells the story of two young lovers, Jack and Mary. Jack is a fisherman who dreams of making a name for himself and becoming successful, while Mary is a gentle and kind-hearted girl who loves him deeply. However, their love is put to the test when a wealthy businessman comes to town and offers Jack a job that could change his life forever. As Jack struggles with his decision, Mary becomes increasingly worried about the future of their relationship. The story is filled with vivid descriptions of life in a small coastal community, including the struggles of the fishermen and the beauty of the natural landscape. It is a heartwarming tale of love, loyalty, and the importance of staying true to oneself.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

The Maidens of the Rocks is a novel written by Italian author Gabriele D'Annunzio and published in 1898. The story is set in the Italian town of Amalfi and revolves around the lives of two sisters, Isabella and Maria Gravina. The sisters are beautiful and wealthy, and their lives are filled with luxury and pleasure. However, their happiness is threatened when a young man named Andrea Sperelli comes into their lives. Andrea is a wealthy and charming aristocrat who is known for his many affairs with women. Isabella falls deeply in love with him, but he is more interested in Maria. As the story unfolds, the sisters' relationships with Andrea become increasingly complicated, and their lives are thrown into turmoil. The novel explores themes of love, jealousy, and betrayal, and is known for its vivid descriptions of the Amalfi coast and its surroundings. The Maidens of the Rocks is considered one of D'Annunzio's most important works and is widely regarded as a masterpiece of Italian literature.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Sally On The Rocks is a novel written by Winifred Boggs and published in 1915. The story revolves around Sally, a young woman who is forced to leave her home in the countryside and move to the city after her father's death. In the city, she struggles to adapt to her new surroundings and make ends meet. She takes on various jobs, including working as a waitress and a seamstress, but finds it difficult to make a living. Along the way, she meets a variety of characters, including a wealthy businessman, a struggling artist, and a charming con artist. As she navigates her way through the city, Sally learns important lessons about love, friendship, and the value of hard work. The novel is a poignant portrayal of life in early 20th century America and offers a glimpse into the struggles faced by working-class women during this time period.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

New And Interesting Species Of Paleozoic Fossils (1895) is a scientific book written by Samuel Almond Miller. The book is a comprehensive study of the Paleozoic era and the fossils that have been discovered from that time period. Miller discusses various new and interesting species of fossils that have been discovered, including trilobites, brachiopods, and bryozoans. The book provides detailed descriptions and illustrations of these fossils, along with information on their geological context and significance. Miller also discusses the methods used to collect and study these fossils, providing valuable insights into the field of paleontology. Overall, New And Interesting Species Of Paleozoic Fossils (1895) is a fascinating and informative read for anyone interested in the history of life on Earth and the study of fossils.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

""Drops and Rocks: And Other Talks with the Children"" is a book written by Eustace Rogers Conder in 1882. The book is a compilation of conversations and talks that the author had with children on various topics like science, nature, and history. The book is divided into chapters, each discussing a different topic. Some of the topics covered in the book include the formation of rocks, the properties of water, the life of bees, and the history of ancient civilizations. The author uses simple language and explanations to make the topics easy to understand for children. The book is an excellent resource for parents, teachers, and anyone interested in teaching children about science and history.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

The book titled ""The Greenstone Schist Areas Of The Menominee And Marquette Regions Of Michigan: A Contribution To The Subject Of Dynamic Metamorphism In Eruptive Rocks"" is written by George Huntington Williams. The book is a comprehensive study of the greenstone schist areas of the Menominee and Marquette regions of Michigan. The author explores the subject of dynamic metamorphism in eruptive rocks, providing a detailed analysis of the geological formations in the region. The book is divided into several sections, each focusing on a specific aspect of the subject. The author provides a detailed description of the geological formations, their composition, and the processes that led to their formation. The book also includes numerous illustrations and diagrams to aid in the understanding of the subject matter. Overall, this book is an essential resource for geologists, researchers, and students interested in the study of dynamic metamorphism in eruptive rocks.This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the old original and may contain some imperfections such as library marks and notations. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions, that are true to their original work.

Hybrid Nanofluids for Application in the Chemical and Petroleum Industry covers the basics of hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer processes as well as their applications in the chemical and petroleum industries. This book begins with a detailed overview of the thermo-physical and optical properties of hybrid nanofluids, before covering the application of the heat-transfer enhancement in heat exchangers, CO2 absorption/regeneration, and metal extraction/stripping operations. It also covers the applications of hybrid nanofluids and heat transfer enhancement in the petroleum industry, as well as recent advances and challenges involved in nanofluid applications in industrial processes. The detailed interrelation of nanofluids’ properties and performance enhancement mechanisms in the various chemical and petroleum processes are also reviewed. This book is written for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in the fields of nanotechnology and chemical engineering, executive engineers, government workers in manufacturing, chemical and biomedical industry, or R&D laboratories working on nanotechnology and chemical processes.

A real-life thriller in the tradition of The Perfect Storm, Fire on the Horizon recounts the life of the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig?from its construction in South Korea in the year 2000 to its journey around the world to its disastrous end. On and off the rig, Fire on the Horizon reveals the particulars of a culture most of us have never known, from the small maritime colleges to Transocean's training schools and Houston headquarters, and culminates in the harrowing minute-by-minute account of the fateful day, April 20, 2010, when the half-billion-dollar rig blew up, taking the lives of eleven people and leaving an unprecedented swath of natural destruction in its fiery wake.

This book provides a systematical investigation on the reservoir characteristics and percolation mechanism of ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs, including reservoir characteristics and classification, gas storage and percolation capacities, gas-phase and gas-water two-phase percolation mechanism, microscale complex gas-water relationship, reservoir sensitivity characteristics, and gas production characteristics of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs. Some advanced and improved experimental techniques and analytical methods are introduced and applied, including comprehensive evaluation technique of storage and percolation capacities, ultra-high temperature and pressure physical simulation experiment technique, microscopic visualization technique based on CT scanning and microelectronics lithography, and physical simulation technique for heterogeneous reservoir development. In addition, it summarizes strategies for the efficient development of ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs based on these theoretical research results. The key techniques and methods introduced in this monograph satisfy the need for efficient development of ultradeep carbonate gas reservoirs and provide theoretical basis and methodological value for investigations on similar gas reservoirs. This book serves as a reference for engineering technical professionals, researchers, and graduate students who are engaged in the exploration and development of carbonate gas reservoirs.

Well Integrity for Abandoned Well Re-entries addresses well integrity and operational risks that accompany the benefits of using an old and abandoned wellbore by providing it a second chance to perform. Re-entering an abandoned well provides new life to an old wellbore by reducing the need for drilling new wells. This, in turn, reduces emissions footprint, drilling waste, and costs for some wells. The book covers well integrity basics, abandoned wells, analysis required for re-entry, potential uses for re-entered wells (including applications for EOR, CO2 EOR with sequestration, natural gas storage, geothermal heat recovery, and much more.) Packed with case studies and tips for practical application, this book provides readers with an understanding of re-entry techniques, pitfalls, and diagnostics to determine well integrity. This novel text digs deep into the process and benefits of re-entering abandoned wells in support of sustainability.

Flow Assurance in Pipelines: A Reference Guide is a comprehensive resource that delivers applied modeling and management engineering approaches that are supported by a helpful appendix of today's computer software programs for practical application. Many environmental factors and solutions are offered, including produced water disposal, GHG emissions at plants, and commissioning issues during dewatering operations. Supported by impactful flow charts and practical case studies, this book gives pipeline engineers a resource for sustainable and more advanced operations.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.

Reservoir characterization is the model that characterizes reservoirs based on their ability to store and produce hydrocarbons. Reservoir modeling is the process of creating a three-dimensional representation of a given reservoir based on its petrophysical, geological, and geophysical properties. Reservoir engineering is the formulation of development and production plans that will result in maximum recovery for a given set of economic, environmental, and technical constraints. It is not a one-time activity but needs continual updating throughout the production life of a reservoir. Reservoir management is often defined as the allocation of resources to optimize hydrocarbon recovery from a reservoir while minimizing capital investments and operating expenses. The oil and gas industry is divided into upstream and downstream sectors. In general, the upstream sector involves activities carried out at a reservoir, while the downstream sector involves all petroleum processing activities carried out in a refinery. Petroleum processing engineering involves all downstream crude oil processing operations, from crude oil as the feedstock to final products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel, gas oil, and lubricating oil. Petroleum processing technology continues to develop in consideration of all types of sustainability-related challenges. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the oil and gas industry, presenting the most recent research in the field.

A one-stop, go-to reference containing all relevant and key industry concepts, equations, terminology, and formulas, the SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is the essential tool for those taking the SPE Professional Certification Exam and US PE Exam. This recently updated guide complements SPE's Petroleum Engineering Handbook series, as the key concepts and equations from that series have been separated out and methodically cataloged into this one volume. To quickly find what you are looking for, a new index has been added.Along with being crucial before and during exams (YES - IT CAN BE BROUGHT INTO THE EXAM), this invaluable guide continues to serve oil and gas industry professionals throughout their career. With this guide, there is no need to carry a suitcase full of books on every assignment or search multiple texts to simply find a definition or an equation. The SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide is for anyone searching for an upstream or downstream solution.About the SPE Professional Certification Exam (SPEC)SPE has a vision to "enable the global oil and gas E&P industry to share technical knowledge needed to meet the world's energy needs in a safe and environmentally responsible manner." One way of achieving this vision is by sustaining the competency, professionalism, impartiality, and integrity of the personnel within the industry. SPE has responded to this challenge by establishing the SPEC, which offers members a vehicle to develop their technical competencies and skills across the entire field of petroleum engineering. SPEC has been offered for 13 years and is complemented by an SPE short course that gives candidates insight into the range of topics that the exam will cover and the style of questions they will face. In the summer of 2008, the SPE Engineering Professionalism Committee committed to writing a book that could be used as a single reference for the SPEC and the exam review course. Professor Ali Ghalambor authored the SPE Petroleum Engineering Certification and PE License Exam Reference Guide in 2014.

Advanced Drilling and Well Technology captures the vast developments that have occurred in well technology over the past several decades. The 10 chapters focus on applications related to many of the field-related challenges being faced today, such as deepwater and high-pressure/high-temperature wells, as well as emerging technologies like managed pressure drilling, expandable casing, coiled-tubing drilling, and multilateral wells.