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Biobrændsel

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  • af Michele Aresta, Angela Dibenedetto & Franck Dumeignil
    1.547,95 kr.

    This book provides an introduction to the basic science and technologies for the conversion of biomass (terrestrial and aquatic) into chemicals and fuels, as well as an overview of innovations in the field. The entire value chain for converting raw materials into platform molecules and their transformation into final productsare presented in detail. Both cellulosic and oleaginous biomassare considered.Thebook contains contributionsby both academic scientists and industrial technologists so that each topic combines state-of-the-art scientific knowledge with innovative technologies relevant to chemical industries. Selected topics include: Refinery of the future: feedstock, processes, products The terrestrial and aquatic biomass production and properties Chemical technologies and biotechnologies for the conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignine, algae, residual biomass Thermal, catalytic and enzymatic conversion of biomass Production of chemicals, polymeric materials, fuels (biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biohydrogen) Policy aspects of biomass product chains LCA applied to the energetic, economic and environmental evaluation of the production of fuels from biomass: ethanol, biooil and biodiesel, biogas, biohydrogen

  • af Anonym
    156,95 kr.

    Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject Engineering - Mechanical Engineering, grade: 8.7, , language: English, abstract: The fundamental advantage of biodiesel is that it can be depicted as "carbon impartial". This implies the fuel creates no net yield of carbon as carbon dioxide (CO2). This impact happens in light of the fact that when the oil crop develops it assimilates the same measure of CO2 as is discharged when the fuel is combusted.India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world and the oilseed sector occupies an important position in the country¿s economy. The country accounts for 12-15 per cent of global oilseeds area, 6-7 per cent of vegetable oils production, and 9-10 per cent of the total edible oils consumption. The area and production under the nine oilseeds was 26.11 million ha and 24.88 Mt, respectively in 2009-10, whereas the total edible oil production in the country stood at 6.17 Mt in 2009-10. As per the fourth advance estimates for 2010-11, the production of total nine oilseed crops is 31.10 Mt, which is a quantum jump over previous year¿s production. Oilseeds area and output are concentrated in the central and southern parts of India, mainly in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. In India, edible oil consumption has been growing steadily over the years. From around 5 Mt in 1990-91, the aggregate consumption of edible oils has gone up to 14 Mt in 2009-10. Groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, soybean and palm oil account for around 60 per cent of the edible oils consumed in the country.In rural and urban India consumption of all edible oils per month increased from 0.37 kg and 0.56 kg respectively, in 1993-94 to 0.64 kg and 0.82 kg in 2009-10. This translates into an increase of 72 per cent and 46 per cent, respectively, among rural and urban households. The edible oils requirement of the country has been projected at 16.34 Mt in 2016-17 and 20.36 Mt in 2020-21, i.e. at the end of 12th Plan and 13th Plan, respectively.

  • af Joseph Ekpuka
    156,95 kr.

    Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2012 in the subject Engineering - Chemical Engineering, grade: 5.00, Covenant University, language: English, abstract: This essay tries to examines how and under which circumstances vegetabel oil can be transformed to and used as biofuel.Reacting oils or fats in an esterification process basically contain monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, lipids and free fatty acids. Triglyceride (TAGs) nevertheless has a good prospect as an alternative fuel. Triglyceride has a benefit as been renewable and biodegradable with higher cetane number. Biodiesel is the product from a variety of reacting feedstocks. Feedstocks used will vary from vegetable oils (soybean, cottonseed, palm, peanut, rapeseed/canola, sunflower), animal fats (tallow, chicken fat, fish oils) to waste cooking oil and grease. A transesterification reaction involving oil or fat with alcohol will lead to biodiesel which is a mixture of fatty esters. Each ester component contributes to the properties of the fuel. Esters containing higher alcohol content with fatty acids can also be used as biolubricants. This fuel is biodegradable, non-toxic and has low emission profiles than petroleum diesel. Biodiesel can mix with petro-diesel in all distinction and can be used as such with petroleum diesel for direct appliance in diesel engines. Thus, it is very essential and critical to have the data of fatty acid profile of oil and fat used. This should also include their chemical properties.It is concluded that seeds can be grown for biodiesel production purposes, because theyprovided the highest yields among the varieties tested.

  • af Farid Chejne Janna
    1.287,95 kr.

    This book offers a unique overview of usage of biomass, biomaterials, and bioproducts, including biopolymers. Included are materials, processes, usage as an energy source, and, in particular, applications. It is intended to educate both professionals and graduate students, who typically must acquire knowledge outside of traditional academic disciplines to gain an appreciation of these systems.While the growing need for renewable energy can be satisfied from other renewable sources, biomass is our only real source of renewable carbon-based chemicals and fuels. More and more companies are moving toward using these materials, and investing in new technology based on renewable resources to develop their businesses in a sustainable way.Despite this, few scientists and engineers have been appropriately trained to work in the interdisciplinary field of the biomass economy. Traditional academic disciplines are not well organized to train engineers and scientists to develop new bio-refinery concepts and bio-based products (including bio-based polymers) in industry, nor to develop and integrate pathways to convert biomass into other forms of energy and useful products. The integration of old and new pathways to satisfy global and local markets is the basic skill required to create new biomass processing alternatives. This book is written to fill this gap.

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