Miljøvidenskab, miljøteknik og miljøteknologi

This second volume of the Handbook of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel Fuels presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of feedstock-specific biodiesel fuels.The research on feedstocks for biodiesel fuels has first focused on the edible oils as first-generation biodiesel fuels. However, the public concerns about the competition with foods based on these feedstocks and adverse impact on the ecological diversity and deforestation have resulted in the exploration of nonedible-oil-based biodiesel fuels as second-generation biodiesel fuels in the first instance.Due to the ecological and cost benefits of treating wastes, waste oil-based biodiesel fuels as third-generation biodiesel fuels have emerged. Furthermore, following a series of influential review papers, the research has focused on the algal oil-based biodiesel fuels in recent years. Since the cost of feedstocks in general constitutes 85% of the total biodiesel production costs, the research focused more on improving biomass and lipid productivity in these research fields. Furthermore, since water, CO2, and nutrients (primarily N and P) have been major ingredients for the algal biomass and lipid production, the research has also intensified in the use of wastewaters and flue gases for algal biomass production to reduce the ecological burdens and the production costs.Part 1 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of edible oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers soybean oil-based biodiesel fuels, palm oil-based biodiesel fuels, and rapeseed oil-based biodiesel fuels as case studies besides an overview paper.Part 2 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of nonedible oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers Jatropha oil-based biodiesel fuels, polanga oil-based biodiesel fuels, and moringa oil-based biodiesel fuels as case studies besides an overview paper.Part 3 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of waste oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers wastewater sludge-based biodiesel fuels, waste cooking oil-based biodiesel fuels, and microbial oil-based biodiesel fuels as case studies besides an overview paper.Part 4 presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of algal oil-based biodiesel fuels covering major research fronts. It covers algal biomass production in general, algal biomass production in wastewaters, algal lipid production, hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass, algal lipid extraction, and algal biodiesel production besides an overview paper.This book will be useful to academics and professionals in the fields of Energy Fuels, Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, and Thermodynamics.Ozcan Konur is both a materials scientist and social scientist by training. He has published around 200 journal papers, book chapters, and conference papers. He has focused on the bioenergy and biofuels in recent years. In 2018, he edited 'Bioenergy and Biofuels', that brought together the work of over 30 experts in their respective field. He also edited 'Handbook of Algal Science, Technology, and Medicine' with a strong section on the algal biofuels in 2020.

This first volume of the Handbook of Biodiesel and Petrodiesel Fuels presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of biodiesel fuels in general.Part I provides an overview of the research field on both biodiesel and petrodiesel fuels highlighting primary and secondary research fronts in these fields.Part II presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of biooils covering major research fronts. The research on the biooils is a fundamental part of the research on the biodiesel fuels. The research in this field has intensified in recent years with the application of advanced catalytic technologies and nanotechnologies in both production and upgrading of biooils. It covers pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, and upgrading, and characterization and properties of biooils besides an overview of the research field.Part III presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of biodiesel fuels in general covering major research fronts. The research in this field has progressed in the lines of production, properties, and emissions of biodiesel fuels. As in the case of biooils, catalysts and additives play a crucial role for the biodiesel fuels. It covers biomass-based catalyst-assisted biodiesel production, enzymatic biodiesel production, additives in biodiesel production, properties, characterization, performance, and policies of biodiesel fuels besides an overview of the research field.Part IV presents a representative sample of the population papers in the field of glycerol, biodiesel waste, covering major research fronts. The research in this field has intensified in recent years with the increasing volume of biodiesel fuels, creating eco-friendly solutions for these wastes of biodiesel fuels for producing valuable biofuels and biochemicals from glycerol. It covers biohydrogen and propanediol production from glycerol as a case study for bioenergy and biochemicals, respectively.This book will be useful to academics and professionals in the fields of Energy Fuels, Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Sciences, and Thermodynamics.Ozcan Konur is both a materials scientist and social scientist by training. He has published around 200 journal papers, book chapters, and conference papers. He has focused on the bioenergy and biofuels in recent years. In 2018, he edited Bioenergy and Biofuels, which brought together the work of over 30 experts in their respective field. He also edited the Handbook of Algal Science, Technology, and Medicine with a strong section on the algal biofuels in 2020.

The book includes current and emerging concepts in the areas of environmental biotechnology such as pollution sources, control and measurement, solid waste management, bioremediation, biofuels, biosensors, bioleaching, conservation biotechnology and more. The book also includes recent innovations made in this field and incorporates case studies to help in understanding the concepts. This book applies principles from multidisciplinary sciences of environmental engineering, metabolic engineering, rDNA technology and omics to study the role of microbes and plants in tackling environmental issues. It also includes content related to risk assessment and environmental management systems. Each chapter provides problems and solutions of different topics with diagrammatic illustrations and tables for students, researchers and other professionals in environmental biotechnology.Explores cutting-edge technologies, including nanotechnology-based bioremediation, value-added products from waste and emerging techniques related to environmental risk assessment and monitoringReviews the current methods being applied in the environment field for pollution control, waste management, biodegradation of organic and inorganic pollutants and so onProvides in-depth knowledge of the latest advancements in the field of environmental biotechnology such as bioleaching, biomining and advances in biotechnology-based conservation of biodiversityIntroduces undergraduate and post-graduate students to basic concepts of environmental biotechnology and allied fieldsDiscusses different products such as biofuels, biopolymers and biosensors that are being produced using biotechnological methods, thus contributing towards the goal of sustainable developmentDr. Neetu Sharma is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India. The main thrust of her research centers on biotechnology, bioremediation and nanotechnology.Abhinashi Singh Sodhi is Assistant Professor in the Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India. His current research focuses on waste reduction, valorization and bioproduct formation.Dr. Navneet Batra is Associate Professor and Head, Department of Biotechnology, GGDSD College, Chandigarh, India. He has extensive academic and research experience of over 20 years with specialization in biotechnology and biochemical engineering.

This book covers Big Data, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligences related technologies and how these technologies can enable design, development, and delivery of customer-focused financial services to both corporate and retail customers and how to extend the benefits to the financially excluded sections of society.

This volume explores institutional change and performance in the resource-rich Andean countries during the last resource boom and in the early post-boom years.The latest global commodity boom has profoundly marked the face of the resource-rich Andean region, significantly contributing to economic growth and notable reductions of poverty and income inequality. The boom also constituted a period of important institutional change, with these new institutions sharing the potential of preventing or mitigating the maladies extractive economies tend to suffer from, generally denominated as the "resource curse". This volume explores these institutional changes in the Andean region to identify the factors that have shaped their emergence and to assess their performance. The interdisciplinary and comparative perspective of the chapters in this book provide fine-grained analyses of different new institutions introduced in the Andean countries and discusses their findings in the light of the resource curse approach. They argue that institutional change and performance depend upon a much larger set of factors than those generally identified by the resource curse literature. Different, domestic and external, economic, political and cultural factors such as ideological positions of decision-makers, international pressure or informal practices have shaped institutional dynamics in the region. Altogether, these findings emphasize the importance of nuanced and contextualized analysis to better understand institutional dynamics in the context of extractive economies.This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of the extractive industries, natural resource management, political economics, Latin American studies and sustainable development.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

This book presents contemporary issues and challenges in finance and risk management in a time of rapid transformation due to technological advancements. It includes research articles based on financial and economic data and intends to cover the emerging role of analytics in financial management, asset management, and risk management.

This book enables readers to understand the theoretical aspects, key steps and scientific techniques with a detailed mechanism to produce biofuels from algae.Each chapter provides the latest developments and recent advancements starting from algal cultivation techniques to the production of value-added green fuels, chemicals and products with wide applications. The volume brings together a broad range of international and interdisciplinary experts, including chemical and biological engineers, biotechnologists, process engineers, environmentalists, pharmacists and nutritionists, to one platform to explore the beneficial aspects and challenges for an algal-based biorefinery. Chapters address cutting-edge issues surrounding algal cultivation, including genetic modification of algal strains, design and optimization of photobioreactors and open-pond systems, algal oil extraction techniques and algal-derived fuel products (biodiesel, bio-gasoline, jet fuels and bio-oil). Finally, the book considers the potential environmental impacts for establishing a sustainable algal biorefinery through lifecycle analysis, techno-economic assessment and supply chain management.This book will be an important resource for students, academics and professionals interested in algal cultivation, biofuels and agricultural engineering, and renewable energy and sustainable development more broadly.

This book shares new methodologies, technologies, and practices for resolving issues associated with leveraging AI-centric modeling, data analytics, ML-aided models, IoT-driven applications, and cybersecurity techniques in the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0.

This interdisciplinary collection examines social equity and environmental justice in India. It assesses the effectiveness of environmental policies and institutions in rendering justice for marginalized communities while ensuring protection of the environment. It also analyses the influence of the neoliberal state and its political economies on the development and outcomes of these policies and institutions.The book provides a unique perspective on environmental justice because of its consistent emphasis on social justice, rather than the prevailing predominant analyses from legal or environmental perspectives. It explores the themes of effectiveness and equity as they pertain to public policy instruments, such as environmental impact assessment, environmental licensing and enforcement, public hearings, and environmental activism strategies. The four interlinked dimensions of environmental justice, namely recognitional justice, procedural justice, distributive justice, and restorative justice, provide the core of the book's conceptual framework. The contributions draw on ideas and methods from development studies, environmental geography, environmental law and policy, natural resource management, public administration, and political economy The book concludes by considering planning, policy and institutional reforms and community-based initiatives that are needed to promote and protect environmental justice in India.Offering an important reference for researchers and scholars, this book will appeal to those in law, geography, environmental studies, natural resource management, development studies, sociology, and political science. It will also be of interest to community-based researchers, environmentalists and other civil society activists, natural resource managers, and policy makers.

High electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has better performance potential than the conventional MOSFETs. Further, InAs is a perfect candidate for the HEMT device architecture owing to its peak electron mobility. Advanced Indium Arsenide-based HEMT Architectures for Terahertz Applications characterizes the HEMT based on InAs III-V material to achieve outstanding current and frequency performance. This book explains different types of device architectures available to enhance performance including InAs-based single gate (SG) HEMT and double gate (DG) HEMT. The noise analysis of InAs-based SG and DG-HEMT is also discussed. The main goal of this book is to characterize the InAs device to achieve terahertz frequency regime with proper device parameters.Features:Explains the influence of InAs material in the performance of HEMTs and MOS-HEMTs.Covers novel indium arsenide architectures for achieving terahertz frequenciesDiscusses impact of device parameters on frequency responseIllustrates noise characterization of optimized indium arsenide HEMTsIntroduces terahertz electronics including sources for terahertz applications.This book is of special interest to researchers and graduate students in Electronics Engineering, High Electron Mobility Transistors, Semi-conductors, Communications, and Nanodevices.

This book examines the value of Adaptive Collaborative Management for facilitating learning and collaboration with local communities and beyond, utilising detailed studies of forest landscapes and communities.Many forest management proposals are based on top-down strategies, such as the Million Tree Initiatives, Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) and REDD+, often neglecting local communities. In the context of the climate crisis, it is imperative that local peoples and communities are an integral part of all decisions relating to resource management. Rather than being seen as beneficiaries or people to be safeguarded, they should be seen as full partners, and Adaptive Collaborative Management is an approach which priorities the rights and roles of communities alongside the need to address the environmental crisis. The volume presents detailed case studies and real life examples from across the globe, promoting and prioritizing the voices of women and scholars and practitioners from the Global South who are often under-represented. Providing concrete examples of ways that a bottom-up approach can function to enhance development sustainably, via its practitioners and far beyond the locale in which they initially worked, this volume demonstrates the lasting utility of approaches like Adaptive Collaborative Management that emphasize local control, inclusiveness and local creativity in management.This book will be of great interest to students, scholars and practitioners working in the fields of conservation, forest management, community development and natural resource management and development studies more broadly.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is essentially the flow of water polluted with metals and other substances from existing/old mining areas and is considered to be one of the sources of pollution. A wide range of technologies are available for preventing AMD generation and/or treating AMD before discharge, but there is a shift towards recovery of industrially useful materials and products from AMD. Acid Mine Drainage: From Waste to Resources explores novel methods developed for the reuse and/or recovery of industrially useful materials from AMD including discussing generation, prediction, prevention, and remediation processes. It includes legislation and policy frameworks governing AMD and its environmental/health impacts.¿Provides a detailed overview of the mining operations and discusses the geochemical and hydrogeological context of acid mine drainage AMD formation, prediction and impactPresents a holistic approach to AMD generation, prediction, prevention, and remediation processesPresents exclusive material on reuse, recycling, and recovery of industrially useful materials from AMDGives a detailed overview of the legislation and policy regulatory framework governing the management of AMDAnalyses the effects of AMD on the environment and healthThis volume is aimed at researchers and professionals in metallurgical engineering, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, and mining engineering, including policy makers.

The authors and editors of this volume state that with the intensive growth of global industrialization and urbanization, the consumption of various resources and materials, such as energy, minerals, and even water, is increasing at an amazing speed, which poses great pressure on material resources. In addition, the massive utilization of materials has led to low efficiency, resulting in great wastes of resources as well as serious environmental pollutions and degradation, which has severely hindered the sustainable development of economy and society. In order to transit to sustainable development, it is necessary to improved resource efficiency, and circular economy and waste valorization are the best alternative ways for achieving this goal.   This book aims to provide an in-depth description of circular economy and waste valorization, make assessments for circular economy and waste valorization in different regions and countries and determine the technological pathways and roadmap for achieving circular economy and waste valorization. More specifically:   (1) Conceptions and Theories: Concepts and definitions of circular economy and waste valorization and their nexus and contributions to sustainable development.   (2) Policy and Practice: Measurement and assessment of performance or sustainability for implementing circular economy and waste valorization.   (3) Pathways and Prospects: Identification and prioritization of the barriers, strategies, technologies, and pathways for achieving circular economy and waste valorization.   The book systematically and comprehensively introduces the definitions, concepts, framework and nexus of circular economy and waste valorization, analyzes and measures their performance and sustainability and provides the methods for investigating and prioritizing the barriers and strategies and determining the pathways and roadmap for their development. 

Over the years, the uses and applications of rare earth elements (REEs) diversified in various fields such as catalysis, production of magnets, glasses, alloys, and electronics. This book consists of fifteen chapters, which present recent advances and outlook on REEs and their oxides/salts in catalytic organic transformations, biomedical applications, bioremediation and environmental impacts.

Embark on a transformative journey towards sustainable living with "Zero Waste Lifestyle for Beginners." Discover the secrets to living harmoniously with the environment while enriching your own life. This book is not just another guide; it's a life-changing experience waiting to unfold.Have you ever wondered how a simple shift in lifestyle can make a profound impact on our planet? Dive into the world of "Zero Waste Lifestyle for Beginners" and uncover the power of small changes that lead to big results. Imagine a world where waste is minimized, resources are conserved, and the environment flourishes - this book holds the key.With practical tips and actionable strategies, this guide takes you on an inspiring journey towards zero waste living. Experience the thrill of discovering easy-to-implement practices that reduce your ecological footprint. From zero waste swaps to conscious consumption, every page unveils a world of "uh-huh, then what?" possibilities, resonating with your desire for sustainable ways of living.Empathizing with your passion for a greener future, "Zero Waste Lifestyle for Beginners" provides clear, actionable steps to create meaningful change. It crystallizes your commitment to an eco-friendly lifestyle, offering sustainable innovative solutions for everyday living.Wondering if you can truly embrace a zero waste life? Rest assured, this guide caters to beginners, ensuring your journey towards self-sufficient living is enjoyable and attainable. Unlike other approaches, it presents holistic solutions backed by research and expert insights.Backed by scientific research and testimonials from eco-conscious enthusiasts, this guide presents a compelling case for the effectiveness of a zero waste lifestyle. As renowned environmentalist John Muir once said, "When one tugs at a single thing in nature, he finds it attached to the rest of the world." Embrace this powerful truth through sustainable urban living.This book will guide you to:Discover practical steps to reduce waste and live more sustainably.Embrace zero waste swaps for everyday products and zero food waste.Learn eco-friendly cleaning and personal care routines.Unlock the art of composting and recycling effectively, leaving zero trash.Delve into mindful consumption and decluttering strategies.Explore zero waste recipes for a healthier and environmentally friendly lifestyle.Reduce plastic usage and embrace sustainable alternatives, promoting zero plastic waste.Embrace conscious shopping and support eco-friendly brands for an eco-friendly life.Cultivate a community of like-minded individuals for support in your self-sustainable living journey.Achieve a profound sense of fulfillment and purpose in your commitment to sustainable ways of living.Let the wave of eco-consciousness sweep you off your feet as you immerse yourself in the world of "Zero Waste Lifestyle for Beginners," where the harmony between nature and self flourishes, leaving a legacy of lasting impact.Take the first step towards a greener future by grabbing your copy of book and embark on a transformative journey towards a zero waste lifestyle. Together, we can create a thriving world that benefits both ourselves and the beautiful planet we call home. Act now, and let's make a difference in fostering an environmentally friendly lifestyle!

The introduction of contaminants, due to rapid urbanisation and anthropogenic activities, into the environment causes unsteadiness, distress to the physico-chemical systems including living organisms, which possibly is threatening the dynamics of nature as well as the soil biology by producing certain xenobiotics. Hence, there is an immediate global demand for the diminution of such contaminants and xenobiotics which can otherwise adversely affect the living organisms. Some toxic xenobiotics include synthetic organochlorides such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and some fractions of crude oil and coal. The advancements in microbiology and biotechnology has lead to the launch of microbial biotechnology as a separate area of research and contributed dramatically to the development of the areas like agriculture, environment, biopharmaceutics, fermented foods, etc. The evolution of new metabolic pathways from natural metabolic cycles has enabled the microorganisms to degrade almost all different complex and resistant xenobiotics found on Earth. Hence, microbes stand an imperative, efficient, green and economical alternative to conventional treatment technologies. This book comprises chapters dealing with various bioremediation strategies with the help of different groups of microorganisms along with detailed graphical/ diagrammatical representations. It also focuses on the use of microbial biotechnology and highlights the recent developments in microbial biotechnology in the area of agriculture and environment.  Furthermore, it contains a detailed comprehensive account for the microbial treatment technologies from unsustainable to sustainable which includes chapters prepared by professionals, several researchers, scientists, graduate students and postdoctoral fellows across the world with expertise in environmental microbiology, biotechnology, bioremediation, and environmental engineering. The research presented also highlights some of the significantly important microbial species involved in remediation, the physiology, biochemistry and the mechanisms of remediation by various microbes, and suggestions for future improvement of bioremediation technology. This book would serve as a quick reference book for graduate and postgraduate students pursuing their study in any branch of life sciences, microbiology, health sciences and environmental biotechnology as well as researchers and scientists working in laboratories and industries involved in research related to microbiology, environmental biotechnology and allied researches.

This book focuses on the technologies developed for the conversion of all three biomass components, i.e. cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and their constituents, to fuels and high-value products. Both biochemical and thermochemical approaches are reviewed. Additionally, the developed technologies are described in detail and their potential applications as well as their commercial status are discussed.  The early attempts to produce fuel ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass feedstock focused solely on the biological conversion of cellulose because the only organism that had been used successfully for commercial production of ethanol, i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, could only ferment glucose, which was obtained from the hydrolysis of cellulose. Hemicellulose and lignin were considered as wastes in these processes and were normally removed in pretreatment processes to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of the remaining cellulose.However, this approach was not economically feasible and as a result, the biorefinery concept was developed. In a biorefinery, in addition to ethanol, various higher-value products are produced from hemicellulose and lignin, which were previously not considered. Consequently, technologies were developed for the fractionation of biomass and conversion of hemicellulose and lignin to fuels and high-value products to improve the economic feasibility.Written and edited by a team of investigators with many years of experience in biomass processing research and development, this book is an informative resource for postgraduate students and researchers interested in biorefinery and biofuel technologies both in academia- and commercial laboratories.

Transform Your Garden into a Sustainable Oasis with Rainwater Harvesting for Irrigation!Are you passionate about gardening and seeking ways to reduce your environmental footprint while saving on water costs?Looking for practical advice and step-by-step guidance to setup your rainwater harvesting system from scratch?"Rainwater Harvesting for Irrigation" is the ultimate resource for gardeners and homeowners looking to tap into rainwater collection and use benefits.This book will guide you through the entire process, from planning and designing your system to installation, maintenance, and beyond.Discover how rainwater harvesting can transform your garden into an eco-friendly, cost-efficient oasis that thrives all year round.Here's a preview of what you'll find:The 3 parameters to consider when planning your rainwater harvesting system so you don't waste budget and time;All different types of rainwater harvesting systems to easily find the one that fits your needs.9 practical tips for installing and maintaining a fully-functioning rainwater harvesting system in your garden all year round;Expert advice on storing, filtering, and treating rainwater to guarantee safe and clean water for your plantsStep-by-step guidance on DIY projects to build your own rainwater harvesting system quickly and easily.Troubleshooting tips and maintenance techniques to ensure optimal performanceLegal aspects to know when installing a water harvesting system to do it safelyAND MUCH, MUCH MORE!Don't worry if you have limited space for your system - this book offers versatile solutions to adapt the system to your garden's needs, such as using different sized containers or collecting rainwater from the roof of your home.Take the first step towards a sustainable and thriving garden today.Click "Buy Now" to Save on Water Costs, Protect the Environment, and Watch Your Garden Flourish!