Affaldshåndtering og affaldsdeponering

Vi tog skraldet er fortællingen om virksomheden R98s 113 år lange historie. Det er historien om udviklingen i den københavnske renholdning fra latrin i trætønder og metalspande båret på skuldrene til kildesorteret genanvendelse på hjul og lift. Fra skraldemændenes forklæde og bærevest af læder til sikkerhedssko og arbejdstøj i trafiksikkert design. Fra hestevogn til mobilsug. Fra en tid hvor 15-20 bajere på en arbejdsdag ikke var unormalt til totalt alkoholforbud. Bogen er et stykke industri-, social-, arbejder- og lokalhistorie, der følger hele virksomhedens historie fra en tid før kloaker og verdenskrige, og før ord som forurening og miljø kom på mode i 1960erne. Bogen følger hele udviklingen fra ”Lortemøllen” ved Kløvermarken med transportbånd til toiletindhold og ”natmænd”, som mødte klokken to om natten og ikke fik mulighed for at bade, til en moderne veldrevet og effektiv virksomhed, der tilbyder sine ansatte fitness, squash og sauna. Igennem ord og billede giver bogen et levende indblik i skraldemændenes liv og hverdag før og nu. Og vi møder vor tids karismatiske skraldemænd, fx ”Hesten”, ”Alperosen”, ”Radisen” og virksomhedens eneste skraldekvinde, som alle fortæller deres historie.

Environmental impacts created by the entire textile and fashion supply chain have been an important topic of discussion in recent decades. Different life cycle phases of a textile product from raw material extraction through manufacturing to consumer use and disposal are all responsible for various magnitudes of environmental impact. Mitigating the environmental impacts created by the textile manufacturing sector is of paramount import as manufacturing is a critical point to alleviate the impacts arising from the entire textiles and clothing supply chain. This contributed volume is meant to illustrate and draw useful conclusions from initiatives taken by the textile manufacturing sector and to identify key practices invented and being practiced by textiles and clothing manufacturers toward making the industry more sustainable.

The purpose of this book is to discuss the challenges that have arisen due to petroleum hydrocarbon wastes, their harmful effects to the ecosystem, and limitations as well as improvement of current biological techniques¿ use for management of petroleum hydrocarbon wastes. This book focuses on the role of advanced green engineering technologies for sustainable petroleum waste management in building an economic supportable society as a basic need of developing countries. The rapid economic growth achieved in last decade has been paralleled by an increase in global energy consumption resulting generation of massive amount of industrial wastes. Petroleum wastes release through spillages and leakage from underground tanks, steamers, unplugging of oil wells, and abandoned oil refinery sites that cause extensive contamination of surface soils, groundwater, seas, and ocean resulting in ecosystem damage. Apart from these, petroleum industries release a significant amount of hydrocarbonwastes during processing of crude oil. Improper waste management technique of these petroleum wastes may cause a serious effect toward the living beings. The presence of these hazardous wastes in the environment will make vulnerable conditions to the aquatic as well as terrestrial life. Till date, a number of conventional techniques have been implemented to treat these petroleum hazardous wastes, but biological treatment is more efficient among all on basics of economic and environmental point of view. Bioaugmentation, biostimulation, and combinatorial bioaugmentation and biostimulation waste management strategies are implemented to treat these wastes. In addition to these techniques, biocomposting/biopile, land treatment, and bio-slurry methods have also been employed to reduce the endanger effects of petroleum wastes. Integrating waste management through environmental sustainability and economic development is one of the prime milestones in the circular economy. There is anexigent necessity for developing countries to go ahead toward a circular economy for achieving its Sustainable Development Goals.

This book highlights established research and technology on corrosion inhibitors and bio-waste management. It further discusses emerging aspects of utilizing food waste in the field of corrosion inhibition. The topics covered include overview on bio-waste and their management, different types of food waste (i.e., agricultural, vegetable and fruit/fruit juice, plant waste, slaughterhouse trash), and their application as corrosion inhibitors and mitigation of corrosion. It also discusses economic aspects and commercialization of food waste as corrosion inhibitors. The book is a valuable reference for beginners, researchers, and professionals working in the areas of sustainability, food waste management, and material science.

This book provides comprehensive and practical information on the design and implementation of circular systems for various industries, with a focus on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors. The scope of the handbook is to cover the materials circularity in a deeper analysis in accordance to ESG used in various industries such as oil and gas, IT, electronics, medicine, textile, and more. The handbook also covers the key principles of the circular economy, including material efficiency, resource conservation, and waste reduction, and how they impact to different industries. It further critically analyses the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing circular systems in these industries, including the framework for new business models and technical innovations, and the potential benefits in terms of environmental protection, social responsibility, and economic competitiveness. In addition to providing practical information, the handbookalso addresses the ESG factors associated with the circular economy exclusively for each industry. This would include the impact of circular systems on the environment, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the protection of biodiversity, as well as the social benefits, such as job creation, and the economic benefits, such as cost savings and increased competitiveness. The ultimate goal of the handbook should be to provide guidance and support in a niche evaluation for the development of a more sustainable and equitable future, where the circular economy is a key enabler.

This book explores a diverse spectrum of waste materials, encompassing industrial hazardous and non-hazardous waste, agricultural waste, biomass waste, radioactive waste, municipal solid and liquid waste, as well as e-waste, and investigates their adverse impacts on the environment. It is an exciting exploration of various approaches to waste management, highlighting the importance of adopting sustainable practices such as the 7Rs principle, utilization of nanomaterials and photocatalysis, zero waste management techniques, recycling and upcycling techniques, and IoT-enabled strategies. It provides a critical assessment of the challenges and opportunities in transforming waste into value-added products for the industry. This book is designed to provide constructive insights for researchers, environmentalists, policy makers and professionals engaged in enhancing waste management, fuelling the circular economy, and paving the way for a sustainable future.

Recycling and Deinking of Recovered Paper, Second Edition covers recent advances in recycling technologies. This second edition examines this new process, which is more eco-friendly than the virgin-papermaking process, and which uses less energy and natural resources, produces less solid waste and fewer atmospheric emissions, and helps to preserve natural resources and landfill space. In addition, the most recent information about the recycling of fibers into various grades of paper and board, the control of stickies, and the effects of recycled fiber on paper machines are also covered. Recycling technologies have been improved in recent years due to advances in pulping, flotation deinking, and cleaning/screening, resulting in the quality of paper made from secondary fibers remarkably approaching that of virgin paper.

The presence of the suspended solids is the most easily visible impurity in the liquid streams in several processes or the urban and industrial wastewater. These suspended particles may be either organic or inorganic in nature and can create problems in the process. The separation of the suspended solids using gravity settling to produce clarified overflow and thickened solids underflow has been used in the wastewater industry. The terms sedimentation or clarification are used to describe the process of gravity separation, depending on if the process focus is on the clarified water or the thickened solids, respectively. The standard gravity settler design often fails to achieve the desired separation efficiency due to deviation from the normal operation conditions. This happens due to changes in the upstream i.e., feed to the gravity settler. In this situation, the behavior of the flow and particles in the top region of the tank is of particular interest since the particles remain in the supernatant and are carried to the effluent reducing the separation efficiency of the gravity settlers. The separation of the particles in the gravity settler depends on several factors. One of the most important factors is the recirculation zones in the gravity settlers. The prediction of these recirculation zones is important in order to modify the design of the gravity settler for enhancing the separation efficiency.

This book highlights the relevant and timely global change movement: green entrepreneurship. Presented in this book is relevant literature and academic knowledge. The book is expected to  support in creating more green entrepreneurship initiatives in collaboration with the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

Environmental Materials and Waste: Circular Economy and Pollution Abatement, Second Edition, contains the latest information on environmental sustainability as a wide variety of natural resources are increasingly being exploited to meet the demands of a worldwide growing population and economy. The book takes a multidisciplinary approach to fully realize the number of by-products which can be remanufactured, providing the foundation needed across disciplines to tackle this issue. As awareness and opportunities to recover valuable resources from process and bleed streams is gaining interest, sustainable recovery of environmental materials, including wastewater, offers tremendous opportunity to combine profitable and sustainable production. In this 2nd edition, operational principles of circular economy for sustainable development with reference to environmental waste shall be covered. Circular economy research is discussed in depth as it has gained considerable momentum in the scientific literature thus far, and both conceptual debates and the creation of useful implementation strategies are still in their infancy. Although circular systems are now being implemented, this book will emphasize the importance to properly consider and convert circular economy goals and principles into actions. As a whole, this 2nd edition of Environmental Materials and Waste covers a wide range of issues that must be covered in order to improve environmental sustainability.

This book focuses on the economic, political, and cultural factors that make up Indiäs ¿informal processors,¿ which are the highly networked, multi-generational systems that reuse, repurpose, and otherwise dispose of 80% of Indiäs electronic waste. The research includes insight from more than ninety interviews with forty-nine key stakeholders working within Indiäs e-waste processing industry. This vital resource explores the complexities of the e-waste industry, and it comprehensively explains the importance of developing context-specific solutions that leverage the inherent strengths of informal processors. The resulting resource offers a counterpoint to mainstream arguments that dismiss the value of expertise from informal processors.

Natural dyes offer a time-tested and generally more sustainable alternative to synthetic dyes in the textile industry. The issues surrounding synthetic dyes are well-known, and in the literature it is generally accepted that natural dyes have a smaller environmental impact. However, even natural dyes have issues that must be dealt with in order to ensure sustainability in the industry. For example, the mordants needed to improve the dyeing process may release hazardous heavy metal pollutants when used. This book is dedicated to exploring cases such as this that illustrate the benefits and drawbacks to natural dyes and steps that must be taken for their sustainable use in the textile industry.

Description:In a time overwhelmed by comfort and large scale manufacturing, the issue of plastic waste has arisen as a worldwide natural emergency. In any case, in the midst of the mounting concerns, a groundbreaking idea known as "Waste to Miracles" is reclassifying our way to deal with plastic, diverting it from a contamination into a wellspring of development and maintainability. The center way of thinking of Waste to Marvels is established in the possibility of round economy standards, planning to limit squander and expand the worth of assets. This drive goes past the regular ideas of reusing by embracing a comprehensive methodology that starts at the plan stage and reaches out all through the whole lifecycle of an item. One of the vital parts of Waste to Marvels is the accentuation on reconsidering the actual idea of plastic. Rather than survey it as a dispensable product, this drive energizes a change in outlook towards perceiving plastic as a significant asset. By integrating eco-accommodating materials, planning for solidness, and carrying out dependable removal rehearses, the point is to break free from the straight "take, make, arrange" model that has powered the plastic emergency. The most common way of changing plastic waste into ponders includes creative reusing advances. High level techniques like substance reusing and upcycling are utilized to change over disposed of plastic into excellent materials appropriate for different applications. These advancements lessen the ecological effect of plastic as well as open up additional opportunities for making manageable items. Waste to Miracles likewise advances public mindfulness and commitment, empowering people and networks to take part in the progress towards a more reasonable future effectively. Training efforts feature the significance of capable utilization, squander isolation, and the job of buyers in driving positive change. By cultivating a feeling of obligation and natural cognizance, Waste to Miracles tries to make a culture of supportability that reaches out past the life expectancy of individual items. One striking sign of Waste to Marvels is the production of workmanship and foundation from reused plastic. Figures, establishments, and, surprisingly, practical designs are made utilizing plastic waste, transforming what was once a natural risk into stylishly satisfying and significant manifestations. These unmistakable portrayals act as strong images of the groundbreaking potential inborn in reexamining our way to deal with plastic. Basically, Waste to Miracles is something other than a reusing drive; it is a source of inspiration for a crucial change in our relationship with plastic. By embracing development, instruction, and dependable utilization, this development is directing us towards a future where plastic isn't an issue to be discarded yet an asset to be treasured and reused to improve our planet.

This book constitutes the referred proceeding of the 1st International Conference on Engineering Solutions Toward Sustainable development (ESSD2023), organized by the Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University and held in Port Said, Egypt, during May 2-3, 2023.The book is devoted to fulfill the need for sustainable development that has never been more urgent. It shows the crucial role of engineering to play in this transition from consumption culture to responsible culture. This book explores the relationship between engineering and sustainability, highlighting the vital role that engineering plays in achieving sustainable development. The book provides a comprehensive guide for engineers, researchers, and experts from different disciplines that are interested in sustainable development. From renewable energy sources to green infrastructure, the book delves into the latest technological advancements providing insights and practical strategies for designing and implementing sustainable solutions. With practical examples and case studies, readers will gain a deep understanding of how engineering principles and practices can be harnessed to develop sustainable solutions that balance economic, social, and environmental needs and to mitigate the negative impacts of human activity on our planet. The books is very useful for graduate students, researchers, policy planners, decision makers and stakeholders in the field of renewable energy, clean water development, climate actions, smart cities and communities and green infrastructures.

This volume discusses: (1) the treatment of hazardous sludge, wastewater, textile effluent, contaminated groundwater, laboratory waste, toxic dye, heavy metals, acid mine drainage and palm oil effluent; (2) the technologies of stabilization, solidification, natural coagulation-flocculation, river catchment control and mitigation, dredging and mining operations, and (3) the management of acid mines, laboratories, nano pollutants and plant effluents.

"W2E Decoded: Navigating the Landscape of Waste-to-Energy Technologies" is your comprehensive guide to unlocking the potential of sustainable and innovative waste management practices. In this thought-provoking exploration, we delve into the intricate world of waste-to-energy (W2E) technologies, deciphering the complexities that bridge waste management and renewable energy production. From cutting-edge advancements in gasification and pyrolysis to the integration of artificial intelligence and smart grid solutions, this book takes you on a journey through the latest breakthroughs that redefine the waste-to-energy landscape. Learn how W2E processes are revolutionizing our approach to waste, simultaneously addressing environmental challenges and providing a renewable source of power. With a keen focus on sustainability, "W2E Decoded" navigates the intricate intersections of environmental stewardship and economic viability. Discover the economic, environmental, and social implications of waste-to-energy initiatives, offering a holistic perspective on their transformative potential. Whether you're an industry professional, researcher, or an environmentally conscious reader, this book provides invaluable insights into the promising future of waste-to-energy technologies. Uncover the secrets behind converting waste into a powerful resource and join the movement towards a cleaner, greener, and more energy-efficient world.

"Archaeal Community in Biogas Production from Waste Materials" is a comprehensive study on the role of archaeal microorganisms in the process of biogas production from waste materials. The book delves into the intricate relationship between archaea and other microorganisms involved in biogas production, shedding light on the complex interactions that occur in anaerobic digestion. The author discusses the significance of biogas as a sustainable and renewable energy source, and the potential of using waste materials as a feedstock for biogas production. The book provides an in-depth understanding of the diversity of archaeal communities and their metabolic pathways in biogas production. This book examines various factors that affect the archaeal community in biogas production, including pH, temperature, and organic loading rates. The author also discusses the various techniques used in monitoring and manipulating archaeal communities to enhance biogas production efficiency. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, academics, and professionals in the field of biogas production, waste management, and microbial ecology. The author's extensive research and expertise in the field provide readers with a clear and concise understanding of the complex microbial communities involved in biogas production from waste materials.

This book covers the challenges and opportunities presented by plastics in the modern era and sheds light on the complex interplay of technology, environment, and socio-economic dynamics. With a thorough exploration of the history, uses, and potential of plastics, the book reviews the impact of plastics beyond single-use plastics, and critiques multiple long-term plastic applications that are significant for food security, water resource management, ecological conservation/restoration, and sustainable urbanization. It also explores frameworks for achieving a more sustainable plastic economy aligned with sustainable development goals.This book comprises 13 chapters, commencing with a critical assessment of plastics in the context of sustainable development and global society. It proceeds with a historical overview of plastics' evolution, showcasing pivotal milestones and innovations in modern industry and daily life. Subsequent chapters delve into diverse topics: the intricate relationships between plastics, food security, and sustainable urbanization; plastics' impact on water safety, management, distribution, and conservation; their potential as an alternative energy source; and their innovative applications in sustainable transportation and energy generation. Emphasis is placed on plastics' role in waste reduction and recycling, as well as the latest sustainable alternatives like biodegradable and recyclable materials. In the book's final sections, readers will learn about green buildings and climate-resilient cities constructed using innovative plastic materials, and plastics' significance in space exploration. The book concludes with a forward-looking perspective on plastics' future, accompanied by recommendations for a more sustainable coexistence between society and these versatile materials.This book is a valuable resource for researchers, policymakers, industry professionals, and concerned citizens seeking to navigate the intricate landscape of plastics, their environmental implications, and their potential for sustainable development.

Waste-Based Zeolite: Synthesis and Environmental Applications focuses on the use of waste-based materials to fabricate zeolite and its subsequent use in environmental applications. It presents recent progress in zeolite synthesis using wastes products such as fly ash, steel slag, biomass waste, water treatment plant sludge, and municipal waste, among others. It discusses the application of waste-based zeolite for environmental applications such as biodiesel production, as well as considering techniques for recovering spent zeolite. Many industries produce substantial quantities of waste material comprising various hazardous constituents that lead to pollution and threaten the environment. However, such waste can often be a rich source of precursor ingredients for zeolite synthesis, and waste-based zeolites could potentially provide an economically and environmentally viable alternative to commercially available zeolites. This book illuminates this fascinating avenue of research.

Since its appearance on earth, man has exploited and modified the environment to his advantage in many ways. One of the factors that affect the degradation of the environment is population growth. Due to exponential growth of population in recent years, there is great demand for construction and thus increasing pressure for use of natural resources causing their acute shortage. Cement is one of the main materials used by construction industries in large quantities. During manufacturing process of cement, significant emission of carbon- dioxide (CO2) is generated. Production of one ton of cement emits approximately one ton of CO2. Similarly, there is huge occurrence of environmental degradation due to excessive use of topsoil in brick manufacturing. Traditionally soil, stone aggregates, sand, bitumen, cement etc. are used for constructional activities. Concrete is a blend of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water. The key factor that adds value to concrete is its design capability to withstand harshest environments significant role. Due to excessive extraction and consumption of natural materials in nature, their quantities are declining very fast. Moreover, cost of extraction of good quality of natural material is increasing day by day. In view of increasing demand of these natural materials, the scientists are searching alternative materials for construction, and industrial waste materials is one such category. If such waste materials can be suitably utilized in constructional activities, the problems associated with its unscientific disposal and consequently generation of pollution can be partly reduced. It has now become a global concern, to find a social, techno-economic, environmental-friendly solution to preserve a cleaner and pollution free environment. In recent years, the use of solid waste is the challenge for the civil and environmental engineers to utilize environment friendly supplementary cementitious materials by economically developed methods causing least possible environmental degradation. Some of the successfully tested and used industrial wastes are crumb rubber, blast furnace slag, and fly ash etc. Use of such industrial waste materials is not only leading to potential savings in natural resources and energy but also reduction in impact of CO2 emission which otherwise would have been used as landfill and might require a waste management program. Environmental conservation is not only an undeniable industrial responsibility but stringent environmental laws and market competitiveness has demanded effectual and substantial actions from industry to preserve the environment.