Etiske og sociale aspekter ved IT

Smartphonen styrer vores hverdag. Den presser virkeligheden ind i sine platforme, så det, du ikke får i en app, ikke findes. Til gengæld får du adgang til et uendeligt univers af viden, kommunikationskanaler, tjenester og distraktioner. På bare få år har smartphonen gjort verden mindre og større, morsommere og kedeligere – mere nær og mere fjern. Livet er blevet friere og mere kontrolleret, mere socialt og mere asocialt, mens vi bliver både smartere og dummere. Det er en global, digital kulturrevolution, som savner sidestykke.I Appernes planet tager Thomas Hylland Eriksen os med på en rejse rundt i smartphonens verden. Hvis vi ikke skal blive slaver af mobilen, er det nødvendigt at forstå den for at kunne tage livet, kontrollen og ikke mindst tiden tilbage.

Den teknologiske udvikling har længe handlet om at overvinde, udnytte og frigøre os fra naturen. Fremtiden handler om at forstå biologien og økosystemerne og om en økonomi, der fungerer i samarbejde og sammenhæng med naturen. For ét er sikkert: Vi kan ikke fortsætte, som vi plejer. Denne bog argumenterer for, at vi står overfor tre store omstillinger, som sker samtidig og indenfor de næste par årtier. Alle tre skal lykkes:- Vores forhold til naturen og de økosystemer, vi er del af, skal redefineres – og det skal gå stærkt.- Vi er på vej ud af industrisamfundet og ind i en ny tids logik, så måden vi organiserer arbejdet og deler goderne på trænger til en opdatering.- I takt med at teknologien bliver mere intelligent, liv-agtig og kompetent, skal vi gentænke menneskers og maskiners roller i forhold til hinanden for at bevare styringen. Omstilling til fremtiden ser på, hvad vi kan gøre for at sikre, at de enorme kræfter, der er på spil i de kommende års omstilling, vil bringe os fremgang frem for katastrofe. Bogen viser en fremtid, der er grundlæggende forandret – men til det bedre. Bogen er blandt andet baseret på interviews med en lang række af verdens førende forskere, økonomer og ledere i erhvervslivet og analyser for Ugebrevet Mandag Morgen.

Barry C. Lynn, en af Amerikas mest fremtrædende samtidstænkere, giver os en tydelig illustration af, hvor grelt det står til med friheden, efter den er blevet overtaget af Amerikas nye giga-monopoler. Amerikanere tørster efter frihed, og diskussioner om hvor meget frihed der skal til for at købe et våben, få en abort, gifte sig af kærlighed eller skifte køn fylder meget i medierne. Kampen for frisættelse fra statens reguleringer og oprør mod regeltyranni er et ideal for mange. Alligevel begynder amerikanerne først nu at indse det, som måske er den største trussel mod frihed i flere århundreder: Den ekstreme og hurtigvoksende koncentration af økonomisk magt. Store monopoler kontrollerer i dag næsten alle hjørner af den amerikanske økonomi. Konsekvensen er ikke kun lavere lønninger og højere priser, hvilket er et naturligt resultat af magtens og velstandens koncentration på meget få hænder. Også arbejdskraftens mobilitet, muligheden for at starte små virksomheder og se dem blomstre er udfordret. Kombineret med de store onlinemonopoler som Google og Amazons fremgang, skabes der grobund for en verden, hvor få, store konglomerater dels forringer den almindelige borgers generelle livskvalitet gennem dårligere lønninger og vilkår på arbejdspladsen, dels dikterer hvordan borgerne tænker, hvem de kommer i forbindelse med, og hvilket billede af omverdenen de præsenteres for. Hvordan stemmer det overens med USA’s fremherskende frihedsideal? Det undersøger Barry C. Lynn i Fri os fra alle herskere.

The play element at the heart of our interactions with computers-and how it drives the best and the worst manifestations of the information age.Whether we interact with video games or spreadsheets or social media, playing with software shapes every facet of our lives. In this book, Miguel Sicart delves into why we play with computers, how that play shapes culture and society, and the threat posed by malefactors using play to weaponize everything from conspiracy theories to extractive capitalism. Starting from the controversial idea that software is an essential agent in the information age, Sicart considers our culture in general-and our way of thinking about and creating digital technology in particular-as a consequence of interacting with software's agency through play.As Sicart shows, playing shapes software agency. In turn, software shapes our agency as we adapt and relate to it through play. That play drives the creation of new cultural, social, and political forms. Sicart also reveals the role of make-believe in driving our playful engagement with the digital sphere. From there, he discusses the cybernetic theory of digital play and what we can learn from combining it with the idea that playfulness can mean pleasurable interaction with human and nonhuman agents inside the boundaries of a computational system. Finally, he critiques the instrumentalization of play as a tool wielded by platform capitalism.

The book Intelligent Healthcare: Infrastructure, Algorithms, and Management(R) cover a wide range of research topics on innovative intelligent healthcare solutions and advancements with the latest research developments.  Data analytics are relevant for healthcare to meet many technical challenges and issues that need to be addressed to realize this potential. The advanced healthcare systems have to be upgraded with new capabilities such as data analytics, machine learning, intelligent decision making, and more professional services. The Internet of Things helps to design and develop intelligent healthcare solutions assisted by security, data analytics, and machine learning.This book will provide federated learning, Data-driven infrastructure design, analytical approaches, and technological solutions with case studies for smart healthcare. This book aims to attract works on multidisciplinary research spanning across computer science and engineering, environmental studies, services, urban planning and development, Healthcare, social sciences, and industrial engineering on technologies, case studies, novel approaches, and visionary ideas related to data-driven innovative learning and computing solutions and big medical data-powered applications to cope with the real-world challenges for building smart healthcare sectors.Main Features:o  Immersive technologies in healthcareo  Internet of medical thingso  Federated learning algorithmso  Explainable AI in Pervasive Healthcareo  New management principles using biomedical datao  Secured healthcare management systemsThis book aims to set up a better understanding of data scientists, researchers, and technologists under innovative digital health. The reader can find out existing research challenges, current market trends, and low-cost technologies to smoothly address the digital health issue.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th IFIP TC 9 International Conference on Human Choice and Computers, HCC15 2022, in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2022.The 17 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. Summaries of 2 keynote presentations are also included. The papers deal with the constantly evolving intimate relationship between humans and technology. 

This book discusses the pros and cons of information and communication (ICT) neutrality. It tries to be as objective as possible from arguments of proponents and opponents, this way enabling readers to build their own opinion. It presents the history of the ongoing network neutrality debate, the various concepts it encompasses, and also some mathematical developments illustrating optimal strategies and potential counter-intuitive results, then extends the discussion to connected ICT domains. The book thus touches issues related to history, economics, law, networking, and mathematics.After an introductory chapter on the history of the topic, chapter 2 surveys and compares the various laws in place worldwide and discusses some implications of heterogeneous rules in several regions. Next, chapter 3 details the arguments put forward by the participants of the net neutrality debate. Chapter 4 then presents how the impact of neutral or non-neutral behaviors can be analyzed mathematically, with sometimes counter-intuitive results, and emphasizes the interest of modeling to avoid bad decisions. Chapter 5 illustrates that content providers may not always be on the pro-neutrality side, as there are situations where they may have an economic advantage with a non-neutral situation, e.g. when they are leaders on a market and create barriers to entry for competitors. Another related issue is covered in chapter 6, which discusses existing ways for ISPs to circumvent the packet-based rules and behave non-neutral without breaking the written law. Chapter 7 gives more insight on the role and possible non-neutral behavior of search engines, leading to another debate called the search neutrality debate. Chapter 8 focuses on e-commerce platforms and social networks, and investigates how they can influence users' actions and opinions. The issue is linked to the debate on the transparency of algorithms which is active in Europe especially. Chapter 9 focuses on enforcing neutrality in practice through measurements: indeed, setting rules requires monitoring the activity of ICT actors in order to sanction non-appropriate behaviors and be proactive against new conducts. The chapter explains why this is challenging and what tools are currently available. Eventually, Chapter 10 briefly concludes the presentation and opens the debate.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Well-Being in the Information Society, WIS 2022, held in Turku, Finland, in August 2022. The 14 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 17 submissions. The proceedings are structured in four sections as follows: mental well-being and e-health; social media and well-being; innovative solution for well-being in the information society; driving well-being in the information society.

This is the latest volume in the series of Springer titles on emotional engineering tracking the development of this field.Engineering has been based on the Euclidean space approach and it was numerical data-centric. In short, our engineering up to now has been control-based, i.e., on tactics and problem solving. When we realize AI consumes 10,000 times more energy than human brain, we understand how it is better to use 10,000 people's minds. But current society is industrial society. The industrial revolution introduced division of labour and we started to work for others. But the tremendous consumption of energy indicates that we need to move toward another society. If we can make the next society a self-Satisfying society (SSS) and create a new sustainable society with greater mental wellbeing then many emerging problems will be solved and we can enjoy our lives better. Emotional engineering engages with this challenge.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third International Conference on Electronic Government and the Information Systems Perspective, EGOVIS 2014, held in Munich, Germany, in September 2014, in conjunction with DEXA 2014. The 23 revised full papers presented together with one invited talk were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this volume. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: identity management in e-government; e-participation; intelligent systems in e-government; semantic technologies in e-government; e-government cases; open government data and G-cloud; and privacy and security in e-government.