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This book provides the historical context for the shifting alliances that ended with the termination of the British Mandate in Palestine during May of 1948. The Ottomans were hospitable to Jews, particularly after the expulsion from Spain in 1492 and for centuries thereafter. However that changed around the end of the 19th Century when Jewish interests in Palestine encountered a decaying Ottoman Empire administered by local, corrupt officials. British interests in the area seemed a welcomed change to European Jews seeking to make Palestine their national homeland. Though initially regarded as liberators, the British were frequently seen by the Jews as enemies, even when the two groups joined forces to fight the Turks in WWI and the Nazis in WWII. .
This book reveals the little known role played by a Turkish diplomat, Behiç Erkin, Ambassador to France, who with his staff saved Turkish Jews living in France from certain death during World War II. Since Stanford Shaw first chronicled this episode in 1993, it has been uniformly assumed that the Turkish government in Ankara was solidly behind Erkin's actions. The totality of recent findings of contemporaneous documents from various US government archives, however, confirms that the intervention in behalf of French Jews with Turkish origins was not the policy of the Government of Turkey at all but the determined undertaking of members of the Turkish diplomatic corps in France. They acted independently against the extant policy of Ankara, risking the wrath and ire of their own government as well as those of Germany and its puppet regime, Vichy France. Their careers and often their lives were at risk and their diplomatic peers representing western countries offered no support.
This book is about a nation's journey of cultural transformation, a process undertaken by the Republic of Turkey soon after gaining its independence in 1923. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey's acknowledged father and first president, envisioned this process. It is still ongoing. There is no certainty as to its conclusion, but to date, the progress has been monumental and mostly irreversible. Atatürk's objective was the modernization and westernization of Turkey's culture as it pertained to the country's nation-building agenda. Provided are little known insights. They deal with the visual arts and their impact on Turkey's society. They address vital and under-stressed aspects of European cultural imperialism that were willingly accepted and in fact invited into the young republic. The impact of the changes in visual arts is still felt in Turkish society. It has relevance to Turkeys' economy, and to many current public policy debates worldwide. *Book also available in hardcover by contacting BookSurge Customer Service.
This highly illustrated book uses hard historical facts, statistics and archival documents from the FDR library archives, British Foreign and Colonial Offices, Yad Vashem, among others. Over two hundred original documents are reproduced. The book also personalizes the hard evidence via oral history taken from those directly involved as deposited in the Spielberg's Shoah Foundation's digitized testimony project. While acknowledging that Turkey could have done more as a place of refuge and as a transit country, this book makes the case that under the circumstances Turkey did more than given credit for by historians, educators, and the media alike. This is especially true when Turkey's role in saving Jews during the Shoah is juxtaposed with corresponding roles of the US and the UK during the same period.
The science of management needs the kind of integrative thought given the science of chemistry by a Russian named D.I. This book discusses, classifies, and illustrates the various strategies and tactics for creating new knowledge, and for unifying, consolidating, and/or generalizing upon existing knowledge in the management sciences.
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