Bøger af Arpita Shrivastav

Antimicrobial resistance has become a burning issue in humans and animals. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase is produced by certain bacteria which has the capacity to inhibit the effect of third-generation cephalosporins and beta-lactam antibiotics. E coli being an indicator organism if it produces extended-spectrum beta-lactamase enzyme in healthy broilers it could be very alarming. The present study was conducted on caecal samples collected from freshly slaughtered healthy broilers, characterized both phenotypically and genotypically. The beta lactamase enzyme obtained was studied for the inhibitory effect of oil of Syzigium aromaticum, fruit peel juice of Punica granatum, and fresh leaves juice of Ocimum sanctum through invitro methods like the Iodometric method and colorimetric method. The genes involved in the study were blaTEM, blaCTX, and blaSHV.The study revealed the inhibitory effect of syzigium aromaticum was maximum and that of Ocimum sanctum was lowest. Combining all these herbs proved to be better than each herb.

Antimicrobial resistance is a rising health risk of broad concern to countries and multiple sectors. It not only menaces the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of infections but also results in reduced efficacy of antibacterial drugs. In intensively reared poultry, antibiotics are administered to whole flocks rather than individual animals. In addition to this, poultry farmers also use low doses of antibiotics as growth-promoting substances, which results in the high antibiotic selection pressure for resistance with a relatively high proportion of resistant bacteria in poultry Faeces. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms are frequently co- or multi-resistant, exhibiting resistance to other antimicrobials due to associated resistance mechanisms. During the last two decades, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli have emerged as a major problem mainly due to the clonal expansion of producer organisms, and the horizontal transfer of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes on plasmids. This has forced researchers to recommend the use of herbs against these resistant microbes to reduce the selection pressure.