Bøger af Emily Stehr

"Wave: a disturbance on the surface of a liquid body, as the sea or a lake, in the form of a moving ridge or swell. Any surging or progressing movement or part resembling a wave of the sea. A mass movement, as of troops, settlers, or migrating birds. An outward curve, or one of a series of such curves, in a surface or line; undulation. An act or instance or waving. Physics. A progressive disturbance propagated from point to point in a medium or space without progress or advance by the points themselves, as in the transmission of sound or light. Literary. Water, a body of water, the sea." http: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/wave "Tidal wave: (not in technical use) a large, destructive ocean wave, produced by a seaquake, hurricane, or strong wind. Either of the two great wavelike swellings of the ocean surface that move around the earth on opposite sides and give rise to tide, caused by the attraction of the moon and sun." http: //www.thefreedictionary.com/tidal+wave "Tsunami: an unusually large sea wave produced by a seaquake or undersea volcanic eruption. Also called seismic sea wave." http: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/tsunami

Revised Interesting Place Names and History of Ireland Ballyjamesduff, County Cavan? Lisdoonvarna, County Clare? Deadman's Lane, Galway, County Galway? Fairy Rock, County Kerry? Termonfeckin, County Louth? Magheranaskeagh, County Offaly? If you are wondering where these names came from, this is the book for you! Other interesting place names included, plus interesting history of Ireland!

Interesting Place Names and History of South Africa Haga Haga, Eastern Cape? Phuthaditjhaba, Free State? Witwatersrand, Gauteng? Amanzimtoti, KwaZulu-Natal? Bela-Bela, Limpopo? Pilgrim's Rest, Mpumalanga? Kosmos, North West? If you are wondering where these names came from, this is the book for you! Other interesting place names included, plus interesting history of South Africa!

Interesting History of Stonehenge Word Origin and History of Stonehenge: "A prehistoric monument on Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England, consisting of a large circle of megaliths surrounding a smaller circle and four massive trilithons; dating to late Neolithic and early Bronze Age times (circa 1700-1200 BC) and believed to have been connected with a sun cult or used for astronomical observations. "Early 12th century, Stanenges, literally 'stone gallows', perhaps so called from fancied resemblance to old-style gallows with two posts, with the second element related to the verb hang. Some antiquarians suggest the notion may be of 'supported in the air, that which hangs in the air' (compare henge-clif for Latin praeruptum), in reference to the lintel stones, but the order of the elements and the inflexion is against this. An ancient name for it was the Giant's Dance.' http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/stonehenge William Howells; Cambrian Superstitions, Comprising Ghosts, Omens, Witchcraft, Traditions, etc: To which are Added a Concise View of the Manners and Customs of the Principality, and Some Fugitive Pieces; T Danks; 1831 William Howells writes: "It appears that these fiends were very obsequious to their commands, as we find from the story of the devil carrying a witch over the brook, and being compelled to build Crowland Abbey, because he had disturbed the workmen in laying the foundation; also the demon who constructed the ditch, called after him the Devil's Ditch, bordering upon Suffolk and Essex; and (as some say) a devil who brought the stones out of Wales to build Stonehenge."

Word Origin and History of Diamond: "A pure or nearly pure, extremely hard form of carbon, naturally crystallized in the isometric system. "A piece of this stone. "A transparent, flawless or almost flawless piece of this stone, especially when cut and polished, valued as a precious gem. "A ring or other piece of jewelry containing such a precious stone, especially an engagement ring. "A piece of this stone used in a drill or cutting tool. "A tool provided with such an uncut stone, used for cutting glass. "Crystallized carbon, or a piece of it, artificially produced. "Early 14th century, from Old French diamant, from Medieval Latin diamantem (nominative diamas), from Vulgar Latin *adiamantem (altered by influence of the many Greek words in dia-), from Latin adamantem (nominative adamans) 'the hardest metal', later, 'diamond' (see adamant). Playing card suit is from 1590s; sense in baseball is American English, 1875." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/diamond Wilson Moore; Henry Merrik Hoare, contributor; A ramble through Holland, France, and Italy; Vol 1; published for the author by T Cadell; 1793 Wilson Moore writes: "My heart began to beat a different alarm - I quickly however burst her diamond necklace - unlaced her jacket - tore the strings of her petticoats asunder - opened her bosom - and laid her gently down upon a truss of hay."

Word Origin and History of the Sun: "1) (Often initial capital letter) the star that is the central body of the solar system, around which the planets revolve and from which they receive light and heat: its mean distance from the earth is about 93 million miles (150 million km), its diameter about 864,000 miles (1.4 million km), and its mass about 330,000 times that of the earth; its period of surface rotation is about 26 days at its equator but longer at higher latitudes. ..." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/sun David Daggett; Sun-Beams may be extracted from Cucumbers, but the Process is Tedious. An oration, pronounced on the fourth of July, 1799, etc; Thomas Green & Son; 1799 David Daggett writes: "'A FOURTH appeared with sooty hands and face, his hair and beard long, ragged and singed in several places. His clothes, shirt and skin were all of the same colour. He had been eight years upon a project for extracting sun-beams out of Cucumbers, which were to be put into vials, hermetically sealed, and let out to warm the air in raw inclement summers. He said he did not doubt but that, in eight years more, he should be able to supply the Governor's gardens with sunshine at a reasonable rate.'"

Word Origin and History of Lake Erie: "A lake between the northeast central United States and southeast central Canada: the southernmost lake of the Great Lakes; Commodore Perry's defeat of the British in 1813. 239 miles (385 km) long; 9940 square miles (25,745 square km). "One of the Great Lakes, named for a native Iroquoian people who lived nearby, from French Erie, shortening of Rhiienhonons, said to mean 'raccoon nation', perhaps in reference to a totemic animal." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/lake--erie Jedidiah Morse; The American Gazetteer: Exhibiting, in Alphabetical Order, a Much More Full and Accurate Account Than Has Been Given, of the States, Provinces, Counties, Cities ... on the American Continent, Also of the West India Islands, and Other Islands Appendant to the Continent, and Those Newly Discovered ...; printed in Boston, New England, reprinted for C Dilly ..., J Stockdale ... and TN Longman; 1708 Jedidiah Morse writes: "ERIE's, an Indian nation, called by the French du Chat, or Cat-nation. They were extirpated by the Iroquois about the year 1655. Were it not for the lake which still bears the name of that nation, one would not have known that they ever existed."

Tragic (but Interesting and Very Short) History of Sodomites, Lesbians, and Sapphics Daniel Dafoe; A True Collection of the Writings of the Author of The True Born English-man: Corrected by Himself; printed, and are to be sold by most booksellers in London and Westminster; 1703 Daniel Dafoe writes: "With what stupendous Impudence can he / Punish a Poor Man's Immorality? / How shou'd a Vicious Magistrate assent / To mend our Manners, or our Government? / How shall new Laws for Reformation pass, / If Vice the Legislation shou'd possess? / To fee Old S-y Blasphemy decry, / And S- e vote to punish Bribery; / Lying exploded by a Perjur'd Knight, / And Whoring punish'd by a Sodomite; / That he the Peoples Freedom shou'd defend, / Who had the King and People too trepan'd; / Soldiers seek Peace, Drunkards prohibit Wine, / And Fops and Beaus our Politicks refine; / These are Absurdities too gross to hide, / Which Wise Men wonder at, and Fools deride."

Interesting Place Names and History of Wales Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch, Anglesley? Mynyddislwyn, Caerphilly? Devil's Bridge, Ceredigion? Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd? Quakers Yard, Merthyr Tydfil? Cowbridge, Vale of Glamorgan? Rhosllannerchrugog, Wrexham? If you are wondering where these names came from, this is the book for you! Other interesting place names included, plus interesting history of Wales!

Word Origin and History of Amethyst: "Noun - 1) a purple or violet quartz, used as a gem; 2) a purplish tint. "Adjective - 1) having the color of amethyst; 2) containing or set with an amethyst or amethysts. "Violet quartz, late 13th century, ametist, from Old French ametiste (Modern French amethyste) and directly from Medieval Latin amatistus, from Latin amethystus, from Greek amethystos 'amethyst', literally 'not intoxicating', from a- 'not' + methyskein 'make drunk', from methys 'wine' (see mead); based on the stone's ancient reputation for preventing drunkenness, which was perhaps sympathetic magic suggested by its wine-like color. People wore rings made of it before drinking. Spelling restored from Middle English ametist." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/amethyst Mrs Rowson; Miscellaneous Poems; 1804 Mrs Rowson writes: "Beside a spring, whose clear translucent wave / O'er variegated pebbles softly crept, / O'er which the lovelorn willow wept, / Deep in a coral rock, was form'd a cave. / There Nature still in sportive mood / Had deck'd the grot with spar's, and gems, and ore: / The flaming ruby there was seen, / The modest amethyst's unchanging blue, / Pure rocks of diamond, the emerald green; / And tho' the hand that deck'd it thus was rude, / The more 'twas gaz'd upon it pleas'd the more, / Forever various and forever new."

Definition of the Schuylkill River: "A river flowing southeast from east Pennsylvania to the Delaware River at Philadelphia. 131 miles (210 km) long." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/schuylkill John Galt, Benjamin West; The Life and Studies of Benjamin West; 2nd edition; T Cadell & W Davies; 1817 John Galt and Benjamin West write: "It is pleasant to redeem from oblivion the memory of early talent thus prematurely withdrawn from the world. Many of Godfrey's verses were composed under a clump of pines which grew near the upper ferry of the river Schuylkill, to which spot he sometimes accompanied West and their mutual friends to angle. In the heat of the day he used to stretch himself beneath the shade of the trees, and repeat to them his verses as he composed them. Reid was the name of the other young man, and the same person who first opposed the British troops in their passing through Jersey, when the rebellion of the Provinces commenced. Previous to the revolution, he was bred to the bar, and practised with distinction in the courts of Philadelphia. He was afterwards elected a Member of Congress, and is the same person who was appointed to meet Lord Carlisle on his mission from the British Court."

Edmund Dana; Geographical Sketches on the Western Country: Designed for Emigrants and Settlers; Being the Result of Extensive Researches and Remarks; to which is Added, a Summary of All the Most Interesting Matters on the Subject, Including a Particular Description of All the Unsold Public Lands, Collected ...; Looker, Reynolds & Co Printers; 1819 Edmund Dana writes: "THE MISSISSIPPI river rises in latitude 47 degrees 47 minutes from Turtle lake, from thence to the falls of St Anthony is about 600 miles, latitude 44 degrees. Its junction with the Missouri is in latitude 38 degrees 50 minutes. It flows into the Gulf of Mexico through several mouths, of which the principal is the Balize. This river by overflowing in the spring freshets, lays the country for many miles in extent under water - is from one to two miles in width, and of a great depth. Boats of 40 tons burden can ascend to the falls of St Anthony. Ships seldom proceed further up than Natchez. The application of steam to the propelling of boats has furnished peculiar facilities to the navigation of this river, on which and its tributary streams are now (1819) driven by that power, nearly one hundred steam boats, from 40 to 500 tons burden. The length of the Mississippi exceeds 3000 miles; it extends above its junction with the Missouri, more than 1600 miles. - The latter, both in magnitude and length, exceeding the former, may be considered the principal; its navigable waters extending above its confluence with the Mississippi, according to Lewis and Clark, for 3096 miles; its whole meanderings which are navigable to the Mexican Gulf, being 4491 miles."

Definition of Djibouti: "1) Formerly French Somaliland, French Territory of the Afars and Issas. A republic in East Africa, on the Gulf of Aden: a former overseas territory of France; gained independence 1977. 8492 square miles (21,994 square kilometers). "2) A seaport in and the capital of this republic, in the southeast part." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/djibouti R Kirk; Report of the Route from Tajurra to Ankobar, Travelled by the Mission to Shwa, under Charge of Captain WC Harris, Engineers, 1841 (Close of the Dry Season); the Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London; 1842 R Kirk writes: "Tajurra, situated on the northern shore of the extensive Bay of Tajurra, in latitude 11 degrees 46 minutes 35 seconds north, and longitude 43 degrees 0 minutes 20 seconds east, is a Dankali town, the residence of Sultan Mahomed, a chief of the Adal tribes. It contains about 300 houses, composed of wooden frame-works covered with matting; and has a population of 1200 or 1500 inhabitants, principally engaged in the trade in slaves and salt with the markets of Aussa and Abyssinia. There is no bazaar at Tajurra, but the smaller supplies can be obtained in exchange for beads, buttons, fish-hooks, or tobacco. The anchorage is very limited and insecure during the southwest monsoon; a plentiful supply of water of good quality is obtained from a well to the northwest of the town, near a group of date-palms; there is no cultivation in the vicinity, and grass or forage for horses is very scarce and obtained with difficulty."

Interesting History of the Congo River Definition of Congo River "Also called Zaire, a river in central Africa, flowing in a great loop from southeast Democratic Republic of the Congo to the Atlantic. About 3000 miles (4800 km) long. "Congo - African nation, named for the river that runs through it, which is from a Bantu word meaning 'mountains' (ie, the river that flows from the mountains). As an adjective, Congoese is native English (1797) but has been supplanted by Congolese (1900), from French Congolais. "Congo River - One of the world's longest rivers, it is Africa's largest potential source of electric power. Explored separately but simultaneously by the missionary David Livingstone and the journalist Henry Stanley, the Congo was the site of their proverbial encounter. (See 'Dr Livingstone, I presume?')" http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/congo--river Elleanor Eldridge; Memoirs of Elleanor Eldridge; 2nd edition; BT Albro; 1843 Elleanor Eldridge writes: "Vain were any attempt to depict the horrors of this scene. The African stood on the deck, with streaming eyes, stretching his arms out towards his own beautiful Congo; which lay, even then, distinctly visible with the ruby light of sunset, stealing, like a presence of joy, thro' bower and vale, tinging the snowy cups of a thousand lilies. There too was his own beloved Zaire, stealing away from the distant forests of mangrove and bondo, and flowing on within its lovely borders of tamarind and cedar, until, at last, it rushed into the arms of the Atlantic, troubling the placid bosom of the ocean with its tumultuous water.* "*The river Congo, called by the native, Zaire, or Zahire, is three leagues wide at its mouth; and empties itself into the sea with so much impetuosity, that no depth can there be taken."

Thomas Worsnop, compiler; The Prehistoric Arts, Manufacturers, Works, Weapons, etc, of the Aborigines of Australia; CE Bristow, Government Printer; 1897 Thomas Worsnop writes: "SHELL APRONS "The native divers engaged in the pearl industry in Western Australia sometimes wear aprons made of pearlshell, which are perforated at the upper edge and hang as a pendant from a waistbelt made of opossum fur. These shells are highly polished, and are often marked with curious devices, according to the taste of the wearers. The annexed account of their operations may be of interest."

"Lake Superior: a lake in the north central United States and southern Canada: the northernmost of the Great Lakes; the largest of fresh water in the world. 350 miles (564 km) long; 31,820 sq mi (82,415 sq km); greatest depth, 1290 feet (393 meters); 602 feet (183 meters) above sea level." http: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/lake--superior George Copway; Indian Life and Indian History; A Colby and Co; 1858 George Copway writes: "Lake Superior, or, as it is named in the Ojibway language, Ke-che-gumme, is situated in the centre of the nation, and is not only the largest of its lakes, but the largest lake of water in the world. It has been called the 'Great Lake of the Ojibways'."

Interesting History of "Bad" Poetry Word Origin and History of Poetaster "An inferior poet; a writer of indifferent verse. "1590s, from Middle French poetastre (1550s), from Latin poeta (see poet) + -aster, diminutive (pejorative) suffix. Old Norse had skaldfifl 'poetaster'." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/poetaster Samuel Taylor Coleridge; The Poems of ST Coleridge; William Pickering; 1844 Samuel Taylor Coleridge writes: "Good verse most good, and bad verse then seems better / Received from absent friend by way of Letter. / For what so sweet can laboured lays impart / As one rude rhyme warm from a friendly heart? / ANON."

This is a true story. This is my story. Names have been changed to protect the confidentiality of others, but everything in this book happened. I share my story in the hope to inspire people to not kill themselves, or cut themselves, but instead to find productive ways to deal with pain. This book is dedicated to Randy, who killed himself in Iraq in December 2008; to Zachary, who was killed by a house bomb in Iraq in January 2008. Part One: Chicken gate: Why cutting is a bad idea Written in April 2012 Part Two: This Dark Earth Written in March 2009

Definition of Botswana: "A republic in South Africa: formerly a British protectorate; gained independence in 1966; member of the Commonwealth of Nations. 275,000 square miles (712,250 square kilometers). Capital: Gaborone. "Formerly Bechuanaland." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/botswana William Desborough Cooley; A Memoir on the Civilization of the Tribes Inhabiting the Highlands near Dalagoa Bay; The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London; Vol 3; 1833 William Desborough Cooley writes: "The Bechuana tribes, situated in the interior, about three hundred miles north of the Gariep or Orange River, are still superior to the Amakosa in arts and civilization. The position of the latter, indeed, on an exposed frontier, has developed among them a martial character; while the Bechuanas, more remote from hostile attacks, take up arms rather as hunters or marauders, than as warriors. But their superior civilization is evident in their industry. They inhabit large towns, their houses are well-constructed and remarkable for their neatness; they cultivate the soil, and store their grain for winter consumption. In their physiognomy also they rise a degree above the Amakosa; their complexion is of a brighter brown, their features more European, and often beautiful."

Interesting Place Names and History of Northern Ireland Giant's Ring, County Antrim? Tartaraghan, County Armagh? Legananny, County Down? Boho, County Fermanagh? Ballynascreen, County Derry/Londonderry? Ballymagorry, County Tyrone? If you are wondering where these names came from, this is the book for you! Other interesting place names included, plus interesting history of Northern Ireland!

Interesting History of Earthquakes Word Origin and History of Earthquakes "A series of vibrations induced in the earth's crust by the abrupt rupture and rebound of rocks in which elastic strain has been slowly accumulating. "Something that is severely disruptive; upheaval. "Late 13th century, eorthequakynge, from earth + quake. In this sense Old English had eorodyn, eorohrernes, eorobeofung, eorostyren." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/earthquake Jabez Hughes; Miscellamies in verse and prose; John Watts; 1737 Jabez Hughes writes: "Nor is it strange the Fires above decay, / While inwardly they work their eager Way, / And the fierce Milstone do's new Mischief form, / And give the Signal of a second Storm; / For when the rustling Winds begin to blow, / And threat an angry Deluge from below, / A rocking Earthquake shakes the solid Ground, / And sullen Groans and Murmurs dire resound, / And Flakes of livid Flames are belch'd around: / Then to some distant Hill's securer Height, / With utmost Speed precipitate your Flight, / For hissing Streams o'erflow the wretched Coast, / And Fragments of the Rock aloft are tost, / And loads of Sand are wildly whirl'd on high, / With hideous Roar, and blacken all the Sky. / These horrid Inmates thus dismist, the Hill / Relents, and its convulsive Pangs are still;"

"St Lawrence: a river in southeast Canada, flowing northeast from Lake Ontario, forming part of the boundary between New York and Ontario, and emptying into the Gulf of St Lawrence. 760 miles (1225 km) long. Gulf of, an arm of the Atlantic between southeast Canada and Newfoundland." http: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/st--lawrence-river Lewis Evans; Geographical, historical, political, philosophical and mechanical essays. The first, containing An analysis of a general map of the middle British colonies in America; 2nd edition; B Franklin and D Hall, MDCCLV. And sold by R&J Dodsley, London; 1755 Lewis Evans writes: "ST LAURENCE is navigable with Shipping, by a very difficult Channel, and much Fog, to Quebec. The Navigation thence to Montreal is in Shallops; and through there is Depth of Water, and a good Flood to assist as far as Trois Rivieres, which is half Way; the Passage is commonly five or six Days with a fair Wind, by Reason of sunken Rocks in the Tide Way, and the Shallowness of Lake St Pierre, compelling them to lie by a Nights; and the Rapidity of the Current thence to Montreal. From this to the Anise of la Galette, the River is full of Falls and Rifts for forty Leagues, where the Canoe Men are often obliged to carry over Land, and to wade in several Places. The River thence to Fort Frontenac, is very gentle and easily passed with Boats or Canoes. Though it bears the Name of St Laurence no further, I shall proceed with the Water that supplies it."

Word Origin and History of Argentina: "A republic in south South America. 1,084,120 square miles. (2,807,870 square kilometers). "South American nation, from Latin argentinus 'of silver' (see argent); a Latinized form of (Rio) de la Plata, from Spanish plata 'silver'." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/argentina W Bollaert; Observations on the Past and Present Populations of the New World; Transactions of the Anthropological Society of London; 1863 W Bollaert writes: "The Argentine Republic has at present a population of about 1,750,000 Argentinos, composed of Whites, few Mestizoes, and romanized Indians, also some 50,000 wild Indians. As this is a very healthy portion of South America, it is particularly well suited for the breeding of horses, cattle, and sheep, also for agricultural and mining pursuits; it bids fair in a few years to be in a most satisfactory condition, with its railroads now being made to traverse the great Pampas of Buenos Ayres."

Word Origin and History of the Mekong River: "A river whose source is in southwest China, flowing southeast along most of the boundary between Thailand and Laos to the South China Sea. 2600 miles (4200 km) long. "A river in southeast Asia, Thai, from me 'mother' + khong 'river, large stream'." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/mekong Charles P Daly; Annual Address. Subject: Review of the Events of the Year, and Recent Explorations and Theories for Reaching the North Pole; Journal of the American Geographical and Statistical Society; 1870 Charles P Daly writes: "17. The French Expedition up to the river Mekong, and westerly through the province of Hunan in China to the ancient capital of the province - one of the most remarkable journeys in the history of travels, a brief account only of which has no far been given by the surviving leader, Lieutenant Garnier."

Definitions of the Mackenzie River: "Mackenzie River: A river in northwest Canada, flowing northwest from the Great Slave Lake to the Arctic Ocean. 1120 miles (1800 km) long; with tributaries 2525 miles (4065 km) long." "Sir Alexander Mackenzie: 1755-1820, Scottish explorer and fur trader in Canada. He explored the Mackenzie River (1789) and was the first European to cross America north of Mexico (1793)." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/mackenzie Abraham Rees; The Cyclopaedia: Or, Universal Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and Literature; Vol 22; Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown [etc]; 1819 Abraham Rees writes: "MACKENZIE's River, in Geography, on the northwest part of America, rises in Slave lake, runs a north-northwest course, and after receiving a number of large rivers, discharges itself into the north sea at Whale island, in north latitude 69 degrees 14 minutes, and between 130 degrees and 135 degrees west longitude, its course from Slave lake having been 780 miles. It derived its name from Mr McKenzie, who ascended this river in the summer of 1789. The Indian natives inhabiting the west side of the river from the Slave lake are the Strong-bow, Mountain, and Hare Indians; those on the east side the Beaver, Inland, Nathana, and Quarrelers."

"Murray River: a river in southeast Australia, flowing west along between Victoria and New South Wales, through southeast South Australia into the Indian Ocean. 1200 miles (1930 km) long." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/murray "In 1830 Captain Charles Sturt reached the river after travelling down its tributary the Murrumbidgee River and named it the Murray River in honour of the then British Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, Sir George Murray, not realising it was the same river that Hume and Hovell had encountered further upstream." https: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_River Charles Sturt; Two expeditions into the interior of southern Australia: during the years 1828, 1829, 1830, and 1831: with observations on the soil, climate, and general resources of the colony of New South Wales; Vol 2; 2nd edition; Smith, Elder; 1834 Charles Sturt writes: "ARRIVED once more at the junction of the two rivers, and unmolested in our occupations, we had leisure to examine it more closely. Not having as yet given a name to our first discovery, when we re-entered its capacious channel on this occasion, I laid it down as the Murray River, in compliment to the distinguished officer, Sir George Murray, who then presided over the colonial department, not only in compliance with the known wishes of his Excellency General Darling, but also in accordance with my own feelings as a soldier."

Interesting History of Baltimore [Maryland, USA] Word Origin and History of Baltimore: "City in Maryland, US, founded 1729, named for Cecilius Calvert (1605-1675), 2nd baron Baltimore, who held the charter for Maryland colony; from a small port town in southern Ireland where the family had its seat, from Irish Baile na Tighe Mor, literally 'townland of the big house'." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/baltimore SS Moore, TW Jones, Francis Shallus, James Smither, William Harrison, John Draper; The traveller's directory, or, A pocket companion: shewing the course of the main road from Philadelphia to New York, and from Philadelphia to Washington: with descriptions of the places through which it passes, and the intersections of the cross roads: illustrated with an account of such ...; printed for, and published by, Mathew Carey; 1802 SS Moore, TW Jones, Francis Shallus, James Smither, William Harrison and John Draper write: "Baltimore is distant ninety-nine miles from Philadelphia, situated on the north side of Patapsco River, at a small distance from the Chesapeake. The entrance of the harbour is defended by Whetsone Fort, now called Fort McHenry. The town is built around what is called the basin, one of the finest harbors in the United States. It is divided into two parts, by Jones's Fall Branch: over which are three wooden bridges; the western part is called 'The Town', and the south-eastern part 'Fell's Point'. Ships of 500 tons burden can come up to the point; but only small vessels can come up higher. The situation of this city is low, particularly near the water side. The streets extent east and west along the north side of the basin; these are intersected by others at right angles, except a few. The main street, Baltimore Street, is eighty feet wide, and about three quarters of a mile in length; it is handsome and well built; other streets are improving and commodious."

Word Origin of Buenos Aires: "A seaport in and the capital of Argentina, in the east part, on the Rio de la Plata." http: //www.dictionary.com/browse/buenos-aires William Dickinson; Universal Commerce, Or, The Commerce of All the Mercantile Cities and Towns to the World ...: With Proforma Sales of Merchandize from Antwerp, Bremen, Hamburg ...; Boosey & Sons, and Law and Whittaker; 1818 William Dickinson writes: "BUENOS AYRES, "A city and seaport, the capital of Paraguay, and a bishop's see. It is well fortified; and hither is brought a great part of the treasures and merchandise of Peru and Chili which are exported to Spain. It has an elegant cathedral, a small Indian church, two monasteries, five convents, a college, a beautiful square; and about 33,000 inhabitants. The trade is carried on with the provinces of Peru by means of carts drawn by oxen, which travel together in caravans. The country around is quite open and level, furnishing every species of American and European productions; but the most extraordinary circumstance is the propagation of cattle, which have multiplied so immensely that all are in common, and a great many are killed merely for their hides. It is seated on the Plata, 220 miles from the ocean, though the river there is twenty-one miles in breadth. Longitude 58 degrees 81 minutes west, latitude 34 degrees 35 minutes south. "The principal exports of Buenos Ayres are ox, cow, and horse hides; tallow and dye-woods."

Robert Gordon Latham; Man and His Migrations; J Van Voorst; 1851 Robert Gordon Latham writes: "The remaining South Americans who are neither Carib nor Guarani. - This division is artificial; being based upon a negative character; and it is geographical rather than ethnological. The first branch of it is that which D'Orbigny calls Antisian, and which he connects at once with the Peruvians Proper; both being members of that primary division to which he referred the Araucanians - the Araucanians being the third branch of the Ando-Peruvians; the two others being the - "a. Peruvian branch. - Colour deep olive-brown; form massive; trunk long in proportion to the limbs; forehead retreating; nose aquiline; mouth large; physiognomy sombre: - Aymara and Quichua Peruvians."

"Kolkata: a port in East India, capital of West Bengal state, on the Hooghly River: former capital of the country (1833-1912); major commercial and industrial centre; many universities. Population 4,580,544 (2001). Former official name Calcutta." http: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/kolkata "Calcutta: a seaport in and the capital of West Bengal state, in East India, on the Hooghly River: former capital of British India." http: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/calcutta Joachim Hayward Stocqueler, compiler, editor; The oriental interpreter and treasury of East India knowledge: A companion of "The hand-book of British India"; Issue 35652 of Goldsmiths'-Kress library of economic literature; C Cox; 1848 Joachim Hayward Stocqueler writes: "CALCUTTA, the capital of India, and the 'emporium of the east', is situated on the east side of the western branch of the Ganges, in the province of Bengal, called by Europeans the Hoogly, but by the natives the Bhagiruttee, about a hundred miles from the sea, the whole of which distance is navigable for ships, the river at Calcutta itself being more than a mile in breadth. Calcutta owes its origin entirely to the English. In 1717 it was a petty village of mud huts; it is now a city of palaces. In 1756 Calcutta was besieged and taken from the English by Surajood Dowlut, the nabob of Bengal, on which occasion the English prisoners, to the number of 146, were confined by him in a small room, called the Black Hole, about twenty feet square, where in one night all, except 23, perished from suffocation. The fort, named Fort William, stands about a quarter of a mile below the city. It was commenced by Lord Clive, shortly after the battle of Plassey, and is considered the strongest in India. The total population of Calcutta, amongst which are to be found natives of every part of Asia, is estimated at about 550,000 persons. Calcutta is the seat of the supreme Government of British India."