Bøger af Ibrahim Bekmezci

Essay from the year 2021 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: The following central questions are discussed and evaluated in this essay: Why is there a demand for the United States of Europe (USE)? What are the motives and arguments for a common European federal state? What is the current situation and how strong are the EU member states currently united? What say the EU Treaty (TEU) and the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) about the United States of Europe? What says the German Basic Law (Grundgesetz)about a united Europe, for example, what speaks for and against the United States of Europe?At the divorce drama between the EU and the British, all EU citizens have been watching in disbelief since 2016. The UK's exit from the EU (Brexit) finally took place on January 31, 2020. Great Britain has not been part of the EU internal single market or the customs union since January 1st, 2021. Nobody knows yet how things will go with European unification. Wouldn't it be nicer if everyone did not cook their own soup? Wouldn't it be useful if the other EU member states moved even closer together? Some people even want the United States of Europe (USE).Today the EU a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe and act sovereign. Its catalog of objectives primarily includes maintaining stability and collective security in Europe as well as the principles of the UN Charter and international law (Art. 2, 3 TEU). Within the framework of these values, in addition to economic integration, the EU has always pursued the goal of expanding geographically on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to deepen legally and institutionally parallel to political developments.

Essay from the year 2022 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: The main questions of this study are: What is the EU actually, how does the EU system work at all and which goals and values is the EU pursuing? How is the EU institutionally structured and who are the main actors in the EU? How does the EU make decisions, how does it act and how is the EU democratic?Corona, the rule of law, migration, the economy, relations with the USA and China: The European Union (EU), which is far from always being united itself, faces a multitude of challenges. The EU is often criticized in the system of international relations for showing a "democratic deficit". In this essay, the foundations, institutions, and procedures of the EU system are discussed with a view to the central question of whether this criticism is correct and whether there are ways to give it democratic legitimacy or to increase it. In view of the initial questions, the fundamentals, central institutions, and procedures of the EU are discussed within the scope of the present study to better understand the complex relationships and the controversial position. This makes it possible to find answers to important problem areas about the democratic legitimacy of the EU. The aim is to make an objective and scientific as possible contribution to the debate on the "EU Project" whose finality is unknown.

Essay from the year 2022 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, , language: English, abstract: This essay analyzes the role of the EU as a global actor, and focuses on the origins, causes, and strength (or absence) of the EU's foreign policy in its external relations with major regions of the world.First, it should be articulated that the EU is a European project, namely an association of states. It has its own competencies and resources to act. The EU system is based on supra-national integration, intergovernmental cooperation, and international cooperation in a multilateral world order system. The common European foreign policy includes both individual actions, decisions, and concepts as well as an overarching pattern of relationships that form the basis of an almost mature overall strategy. Next, it can be observed that since the end of the Cold War, the EU has gradually developed its external relations and foreign policy and has become a global player in international affairs and world politics. In the last decade, the interregionalism and multilateralism have become a key element of the external relations and foreign policy of the EU's multi-level system. In fact, the Union has quickly become the center of many interregional cooperation agreements and relationships with many regions around the world in a global framework. Promoting regional and interregional relations not only justifies and strengthens the EU's own existence and effectiveness as a global actor. The strategy also promotes the legitimacy and status of other regions and leads to a deepening of cross-sectoral interregional trade and economic ties, political dialogue, development cooperation, cultural ties, and security cooperation. In the light of this introduction, the following key questions will be discussed and evaluated:. What a common European foreign policy is, and how it is to be characterized,. how the EU's foreign policy is structured, and what it is based on,. what foreign policy powers and instruments the EU has, . what the goals, visions, and mission of an EU's foreign policy are,. on which theoretical concepts the EU's foreign policy is based,. what role the EU plays as a global player in world politics.

Die vorliegende wissenschaftliche Arbeit befasst sich mit alternativen Modellen demokratischer, moderner Regierungssysteme. Sie fokussiert sich konkret auf die Charakteristika des präsidentiellen Regierungssystems der USA im rechtlichinstitutionellen Kontext. Anschließend wird versucht, dieses politische System mit dem parlamentarischen Regierungssystem der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) zu vergleichen... Es ist zu beobachten, dass der Vergleich und die Klassifizierung konkreter politischer Systeme seit der Antike durchgeführt werden und fester Bestandteil der politikwissenschaftlichen Konzepte sind. In der modernen vergleichenden Politikwissenschaft werden insb. Staaten und De-facto-Regime nach bestimmten Kriterien unterschiedlichen Formen politischer Systeme zugeordnet. Es ist jedoch schwierig, das Präsidialsystem der Vereinigten Staaten zu vergleichen und zu klassifizieren, weil es ein einzigartiges politisches System ist... Es lässt sich sagen, dass die US-Präsidialdemokratie im Vergleich zu europäischen parlamentarischen Demokratien als ungewöhnlich stabil erscheint. Diese Studie zeigt, dass die moderne Form des politischen Systems der USA zentral auf den drei signifikanten Grundprinzipien basiert. Diese Grundsätze sind die Gewaltenteilung (separation of powers), die Checks and Balances und der Föderalismus. Die Machtbefugnisse verteilen sich zunächst jeweils in den Gesetzgebungs-, Ausführungs- und Rechtsprechungsorganen auf der Bundesebene allgemein, da-nach ebenfalls zwischen dem Bundesstaat und den Einzelstaaten. Eine derartige Verteilung sorgt für eine effektivere Funktion des Bundesstaates und der Einzelstaaten im politischen System der USA. Dadurch werden der Konflikt und der Konsens zwischen den Organen im Gleichgewicht gehalten...