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Tram systems in most than 135 years of history proved their utility, continuously development improve high standards on technology used. Today¿s trams are most sophisticated, many parameters, characteristics must be analyzed when you compare systems or cars, fleet efficiencies or how you cover the urban citizen mobility needs. Many EU projects focused on electrified urban public transport research and development. Lot of topics are opened, professionals must clear in near future, like example mention only few of that: ¿ Make the Holistic tool a true asset available to the Operators and the Industry; ¿ Bring the duty cycle/module method to the state of a standard; ¿ Further improve the KPIs in their role of structuring analysis of energy pattern of Urban Rail systems. Next volumes will give other approaches of Public Transport, not only technical studies will be included, other issues, as elaboration of mobility plans, bus sector analysis, etc¿ will complete the image of one of the most important public services.
Meeting major challenges in the area of ¿¿climate change can also be achieved by transportation, public transport can reduce air pollution in cities, electrification of vehicles increase efficiency, reduce energy consumption and dependency from oil sectors, included studies will help a better understanding of the future of this urban transportation modality... This book is the third volume of the "new series: Studies about Public Transportation" titled STUDIES ABOUT LIGHT RAIL TRAINS, with a different approach of Tram system analysis, with technical and historical details together give the complete image of main topics. The generally part of work contain short historical descriptions, given the opportunity to introduce the readers inside the basic technical and operational characteristics of track lines and rolling stocks. Chapters are based on presentations of scientific papers on this topic at International Conferences in Romania and neighbor or other countries, listed in the Mention and References.
Energy saving and conservation is one of key priorities of the sustainable development strategy. Transport systems are responsible for more than one third of the total energy consumption of cities. As one of result identification of solutions to reduce energy consumption in these systems are essential for the implementation of the sustainable development strategies. The book is the second volume of the new series of ¿Studies about Public Transportation¿. There is a permanent debate between professionals about Trams and Buses, which have priority on the focus of developments of public transport. Main issue are related to the efficiency of recommended systems are relating to transport capacity adaptation to real needs, availability of fleet, energy savings were scopes of many studies. ¿Bus Systems Efficiency Indicators¿ is a short approach of key performance indicators (KPI) for basic characteristics. Chapters are integral presentations of the scientific papers on this topic, presentations at symposiums and conferences both in the country and abroad are listed in the list of publications in the appendix at the end of the book.
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