Bøger af Ogochukwu C. Nweke

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: This document discusses how the Court of Justice of the European Union has over the years adopted and used the Direct effect, Indirect effect and State liability principles to make the EU Laws more effective, both in terms of interpretation and application, especially with regards to EU Directives.The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) whose composition and functions were enunciated in Section 5 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) 2008, was established in 1952, with the aim of interpreting the Laws of the European Union, making sure that the application of these laws are uniform and consistent in all EU countries. The CJEU also ¿settles legal disputes between national governments and EU institutions.¿ The CJEU is divided into two courts. It gives rulings on cases brought before it and in doing so, it is required to give preliminary rulings in its capacity to interpret the laws (among other capacities) "to ensure EU law is properly applied, but courts in different countries might interpret it differently. If a national court is in doubt about the interpretation or validity of an EU law, it can ask the Court for clarification. The same mechanism can be used to determine whether a national law or practice is compatible with EU law."

Essay from the year 2020 in the subject Law - European and International Law, Intellectual Properties, , language: English, abstract: The purpose of this essay is to assess the impact of the behaviour of a State, which contrary to a rule of customary international law, on the existence of rule of customary international law, in terms of whether it undermines the existence of that rule or strengthens it. To be able to do this, it is expedient that the following issues are addressed: What is Customary International Law? What are rules of customary international law? Contrary state behavior.Customary International Law is one of the major sources of International law and is described in Article 38(1)(b) of the Statute of the International Court of Justice, 1946, as "general practice accepted as law." According to the Legal Information Institute of the Cornell Law School, "Customary international law refers to international obligations arising from established international practices, as opposed to obligations arising from formal written conventions and treaties. Customary international law results from a general and consistent practice of states that they follow from a sense of legal obligation." It was also defined by Judge Read in Fisheries (UK v Norway) (1951), as the generalization of the practice of States.