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There are many reasons for drying plant materials and one of them is the abundance of available materials. It is estimated that about 80% of flower species can be dried and preserved successfully. Sophisticated training and expensive equipment are not needed to come up with variety of designs. Unlike fresh flowers that easily lose their marketable value and quality, dried ornamentals offer longer periods of sale if properly preserved, packaged, and handled. Another unique characteristic of dried ornamental is their versatility. They can be arranged into different crafts according to one's preferred style, design, and use. With the following contents the book is an attempt to popularize dry flower technology among students of horticulture, agriculture and amateurs

Plants constitute an excellent ecosystem for microorganisms. The environmental conditions differ considerably between the highly variable aerial plant part and the more stable root system. Microbes interact with plant tissues and cells with different degrees of dependence. The most interesting from the microbial ecology point of view, however, are specific interactions developed by plant-beneficial (either non symbiotic or symbiotic) and pathogenic microorganisms. Beneficial interactions are caused by symbiotic and non-symbiotic bacteria and a highly specialized type of fungi, the mycorrhizae. The pathogenic and detrimental interactions of microbes involve viroids, viruses, bacteria and fungi, and lead to infectious diseases affecting only the plant kingdom. Microflora composition of any agro-ecosystem is governed by the equilibrium created by the associations and interactions of all flora and fauna found in the community. In soil, microorganisms live in close proximity and interact among themselves as well as with existing plant communities in different ways, which could be beneficial (mutualism, commensalism, proto-cooperation) or neutral (epiphytic). These microbial interactions govern the functioning and stability of agro-ecosystem, playing significant role in the production and productivity crops. Hence, this book on Plant-Microbe Interactions is aimed at bringing out the recent developments in this field including the molecular mechanisms and proteomics involved in the establishment of Plant-Microbe Interactions. The book reviews the enormous diversity of plant associated microbes, and their molecular mechanisms, small molecules and proteomics involved in the establishment of their mutual interactions. Utilization of these rhizosperic, phyllospheric and endophytic microbes as nutrient providers, in combating phytopathogens and ameliorating the stressed and polluted soils is also explained. Importantly, the book also throws light on the unanswered questions and future direction of research in the field. It illustrates how the basic knowledge can be amalgamated with advanced technology to design the future bio-formulations. This book will be useful in providing latest information in this topic to Scientists, Researchers, Ph.D and PG students working in the field of Plant Sciences.

This book will provide an exposure to recent developments in the field of geostatistical modeling, spatial variability of soil resources, and preparation of digital soil maps using R and GIS and potential application of it in agricultural resource management. Specifically following major areas are covered in the book.

There is perfect relationship between energy, ecology and environment. If a proper balance is maintained among these three aspects than sustainable development for the welfare of human beings is obtained. This book has been written with a view to draw attention for integration of renewable energy in all sectors for sustainable development. The aim of this book is to examine the range of views related to renewable energy sources for sustainable and their implications. The authors have simplified and clarified renewable energy technologies and new theories for a sustainable development. Sustainable development has been characterized by an emphasis on environmental issues and its inter-relationship with renewable energy sources. In present context there is a need to develop an approach to structure the subject which hinders the development of knowledge in a systematic way. The built environment contributes significantly to the society and thus development in holistic manner. Integration of renewable energy sources is one of the major factors in determining whether a community is sustainable in the longer term or not. In this book, emphasis has been made on various aspects of energy planning such as energy assessment, energy integration, energy forecasting, energy modeling, computer modeling and techno-economic analysis of different conventional as well as non-conventional renewable energy sources. Much of the information presented in this book is basically to acquire an understanding of the integrated energy planning, its design, development, implementation, monitoring and feedback evaluation. This book will be useful for those involved in energy activities and planning.

Understanding the basic principles of organic agriculture is as much important as that of knowing the latest developments scenario in the field of agriculture. It is strenuous strive to keep pace with the progress of such a vast area like organic farming which is in practice throughout the globe. The budding farmer / scientist have to brace him with the fundamentals of organic agriculture. This book provides attention of one and all concerned to promote organic farming as a measure to provide the elutes to posterity and to save our farm land that we inherited from our forefathers from being degraded and made in to wastelands through our excessive interventions. Opportunity for employment generation in rural India and making the rural roles empowered to produce their farm inputs and a message to live healthy by eating organic food. In addition this publication guides the farmer interested in organic farming.

The book a consortium and provides adequate information derived from current research on tea and opens up new avenues for researchers as well as service for the tea growers, and offers solutions of persistent problems for policy makers. Colour photographs, useful diagrams have also been reproduced. This book has 10 chapters on VII different aspects. The first part deals with basic aspects on history and introduction with special reference to Darjeeling tea. Part II is devoted to the role of Small Tea Growers in Indian tea. The third part deals with Cultivation Practices. The forth part describes one of the important aspects of tea cultivation i.e., "Insect Pest Management and Pesticide Residue" in length. The part five describes research on Darjeeling tea and it's contribution and impact. The part sixth describes health benefit of tea. Finally part seven deals with biotechnology on tea.

The various aspects of fruit cultivation mainly covered are nutritive and cultural significance; origin, history, and distribution ; taxonomical and botanical description ; climatic and soil adaptability; propagation technology and rootstocks; plant and fruit physiology; recommended and popular cultivars; planning and planting; soil cultural practices technology - water need, nutritional need, weed control, inter culture; plant cultural practices technology- training and pruning, fruit thinning ,fruit quality improvement, use of plant growth regulators; special problems; harvesting and production of fruits; post-harvest fruit technology; insect-pests and diseases management ; marketing and export potential. Section-1 covers 2 leading sub- tropical fruits of the country. Similarly, section- 2 covers 4 and section-3 covers 6 sub- tropical fruits in order of their importance. Scientists working in different Universities /Institutions and Research Stations have contributed chapter on fruit crops in their respective areas of specialization. The book will be highly beneficial to the graduate and post-graduate students in Fruit Science, fruit growers, scientists and extension workers.

Newer technologies for increasing agricultural production are now becoming available at a much faster rate. But the mechanism for transferring them to the uneducated and small producers in an effective manner does not exist. There is an urgent need for a communication network at the service of the poor farmers in our country like the global communication net work which makes the latest findings available without delay to research workers in any particular field. It is not only knowledge that is needed, but an approach which will be able to supply the right knowledge and tools to the right people, at the right time and above all at the right place. In developing countries, the other alternative viz., traditional methods have special advantages over modern agricultural techniques because: ¿ The capital and technological skill requirements in the use of traditional technologies are generally low. ¿ Their adoption often requires little restructure of the traditional societies. ¿ These traditional technologies are not other than the indigenous knowledge. ¿ By adopting such indigenous knowledge, our ancestors did not face any problem of large scale pest out break or economic crisis unlike the today's farmeThis book covers wide areas of traditional practices viz., traditional varieties, crop protection, crop management, storage structure, medicinal plants, farm tools, ethno veterinary practices, fisheries, post harvest techniques and other miscellaneous practices. The practices are rationalized and the rational practices will serve the scientists with new technology for test verification and to select the viable technology for field level recommendation. This book will serve as highly useful reference material to the community of scholars and scientific workers both in the laboratories and applied fields. This will set the phase for the future generation in this area.

The book covers from the very basic introduction on molecular biology and diagnostics to the protocols of advanced assays that can be offered by a diagnostic laboratory. There is detailed description on the requirements for setting up a laboratory. The chapter on laboratory mathematics will help the reader in preparation of common laboratory solutions. The book contains basic protocols to perform nucleic acid extraction from different sources. These protocols can be effortlessly applied to isolate high quality DNA and RNA from human blood and tissues. The book is profusely explained with various molecular diagnostic tools which are easy to understand and can be applied in diagnosis of different cancers. This book also presents with examples of biomarker detection protocols for specific cancer type using molecular diagnostic tools which can easily be reproduced. These protocols are very sensitive, cost effective and can be performed to provide faster and accurate diagnosis. The last part of the book deliberates on the quality assurance and quality control strategies of a molecular diagnostic laboratory. Special emphasis is made on specific guidelines to design quality manuals for a molecular diagnostic laboratory

The well being of the humans including animals depend upon very much on how the soil productivity is maintained without ecosystems degradation. Most likely soil can efficiently sustain humanity with food, fibre, feed to animals and clean environmental maintenance only when it is considered and managed from the holistic and ecosystem points of view. Plants need at least 16 essential elements for their normal growth and to complete their life. The soil testing provides the status of the nutrients determined in the laboratory for the application of appropriate rate of fertilizers to eliminate the nutrients limiting for production. The soil testing along with plant analysis gives the true status of plant nutrients affected by soil properties to take the proper care for the plant growth. Our available water resources are diminishing and getting polluted with excess use of fertilizers and pesticides which are ultimately affecting the environment, food produced and water quality. The purpose of this book 'Soil Testing and Analysis' is (i) to provide the vital plant nutrients functions for which soil testing is to be made; (ii) to determine the nutrient status of the soil with appropriate methods, measurements and criteria for interpreting those assessments; (iii) to analyze the appropriate parts of the plant samples for nutrient elements with available methods of analysis; (iv) to analyze the important water quality parameters with interpretations; and (v) to prepare the soil, plant and water samples for the analysis of pesticide residues with the different available methods. This is a comprehensive presentation of useful information for the scientific and technical personals involved in such types of analysis.

The feeding management plays an important role in sustaining higher milk production in high producing dairy animals and especially nutrition during transition period of dairy animals during 3 weeks prior and 3 weeks after parturition is critically important to health, production and profitability of dairy. Nutrition and management of cows during the transition period has received tremendous interest in recent years in developed countries but relatively less attention is being paid in the developing countries like India. With understanding of role of energy and protein nutrition in managing the transition period some technologies like protected fat and protein alone or in combination has been practiced by few dairy farmers but many are still ignorant about it. The experimental results obtained with the use of these technologies have been discussed in greater depth in this book with emphasis on its profitable effect on early lactation performance and post partum reproduction. The role of energy nutrients as by pass fat and protein as by pass protein in isolation and in combination has also been discussed in the light of regaining the positive energy balance state after the parturition and its association with increased milk yield and improved post partum reproduction

The present volume II concentrates on Food with relevance to Agriculture and Humanity. This publication contains nine s, viz., namely, Introduction, Food Perception, Food Commonly Known, Food Sources, Food and Health, Food and Nutrition Policy, Regional and International Programmes on Food and Nutrition Security, Challenges and Opportunities in Food Sector. This Volume contains 28 articles, by well known national and international authors, covering - . The authors from food and health sciences (physician, dietician, patient), agriculture sciences (cereal crops, horticulture, livestock, fisheries), economics, policy and development with national and international experiences have expressed their views on one subject - Food.

Dairying is an integral part of the diverse system of agriculture that prevails in India and therefore, plays a vital role in agricultural economy and food production of the country. It provides essential food value in the form of milk and milk products to the millions of the country's inhabitants. Dairying is the major source of income for the rural masses, as about 70% of the population comprises of small, marginal and landless farmers who benefit directly from dairying activities. India has about 15% of the global cattle population, 56% of the world's buffalo population and accounts for 15-16% of the word's annual milk production. The growth in milk production is about 4%. India stands tall among the milk producing countries with an annual production of about 120 million metric tons, though the organized sector handles only about 30% of the total milk produced. The authors with their strengths of academics and research in the discipline of dairy technology have been involved in developing manpower for the dairy industry and imparting training at an institute of national repute. This book is the result of their strong feeling of the need to compile information and integrate traditional and novel technologies that exist worldwide in the processing of liquid milk. The book has been organized in various s that include the history of dairy development in India, procurement and consumption pattern of milk, processing, quality assurance and packaging of fluid milk products and food safety laws. The authors hope that this work will serve the students of dairy technology in the country and also provide a ready reference to the teachers involved in shaping the human resource needs of the Indian dairy industry

The book is up-to-date and informative, publication, covering all vital aspects on rejuvenation technology in perennial fruit trees. The book is full-fledged and uated publication on rejuvenation technology. By going through the book one can adopt this technology in all high-value fruit crops of woody perennial nature of tropical and subtropical groups. The concept of rejuvenation, present trend and constraints, its need, adoption level and successful implementation with proper package of cultural practices and management strategies, have been discussed in details in the book. All efforts have been made to increase production, productivity and profitability of fruit crops at a sustainable basis. The requisite information and need-based requirements have also been brought within purview in addition to critical perspective that foster a better understanding of its R&D issues.

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Excessive use of chemicals and pesticide in agricultural crops is being deplored by the community and scientists. It is because of the fact that, these not only result in environmental and safety hazards but also lead to development of new strains of pests and pathogens. Thus the use of 'organic products' which do not have any utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are increasing day by day. The book deals with the detailed description about a number of biopesticides which are used for management of fungi, bacteria, virus and nematodes. Topics like biological control of soil borne fungi, plant viruses, applications of bacteria, Rhizobacteria, plant species etc. are discussed in detail in the book. The traditional aspects of biopesticides management along with the future prospects and biotechnological approaches and applications have been dealt in the book. As biopesticides industry is growing at a fast pace and the use of new tools and techniques by the researchers are making it more meaningful, the volume as a whole will serve as a tool for the management of diseases in an eco-friendly manner."

This book was incorporated with general information about weeds with need based data on losses caused by weeds in agriculture and allied fields which include livestock, horticulture crops etc. and also national level loss in terms of reduction in food grain production in Indian economy. As management of weeds being a core area in crop production, it was dealt in detail on weed biology, weed ecology and also weed survey including sampling techniques. This was followed by various weed control methods specific to crops belonging to agriculture and horticulture. Of the weed management practices, integrated weed management was also discussed as well highlighting important crops grown in India as to follow the same by the farmers and extension workers for recommendation to the needy people. This book also comprises of herbicide history and its classification and characteristics with suitable examples. In addition, mode of action of herbicides, herbicide mixture, combinations, rotations, and their interaction were also given as separate chapter. In the recent decade, development of herbicide resistant crops are getting momentum world over, considering its potentiality, information on the same was also given in detail with suitable findings. Weed shift and its management and economic analysis of weed management were another chapters included in this book.

This book "Spices" comprehends and provides latest information on economic importance, botany, chemical composition , crop improvement, agro-technology, post harvest technology and end uses of 52 spices identified by the spices board. The book is organized into 6 chapteThe authors with their vast experience in tropical spices have brought their scientific as well as practical experience in collecting and presenting the information concisely. Although the book is a sublimate of the Indian expertise in spices, the contents are very useful and relevant internationally. the book is targeted to the students and researchers in the area of horticulture, agriculture, industry people, exporters processors and end users.

During last one decade, rural India witnessed the continuous migration of rural youth to urban areas. This situation is very serious and alarming and the migration of rural youth created a vacuum in the villages. It has been observed and expressed by many enlightened persons that villages are becoming old age homes draining away the talented farm youth to stay away from farming. The contents of book covers the issues like youth-concept, characteristics, interests, aspirations; youth in natural resource management; ICT and rural youth; Extension approaches and strategies; SHGs and Group approaches; Mobilization of Rural Youth; Gender issues and women empowerment and successful case studies on farm youth. The major sub heads of the book are: FARM YOUTH IN AGRICULTURE, CAPACITY BUILDING OF RURAL YOUTH, ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG RURAL YOUTH, RURAL YOUTH AND INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY, WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE, RURAL YOUTH IN INTEGRATED FARMING, LEISURE TIME UTILIZATION BY RURAL YOUTH, CASE STUDIES ON RURAL YOUTH

Green is the colour of the nature. When we Go Green we use only green house products that are healthy for the environment and include no toxins, recycle to help save and fills, and do everything possible to live healthy and reduce the impact on our earth. By living green and going green can reduce any negative impact on the planet in all possible ways. Many green products are packaged in recycled packaging, are biodegradable, and contain no phosphates, chlorine, artificial fragrances, or artificial colouThe main goal of green cleaning is to use eco-friendly cleaning solutions, recycle, using organic when possible, and promote methods that keep our environment healthy. This valuable publication entitled 'Technologies for Sustainable Green Environment and I sure, this will be incredibly handy for the scientists, teachers, students and everyone in the dwelling motherland.

The various aspects of fruit cultivation mainly covered are nutritive and cultural significance; origin, history, and distribution; taxonomical and botanical description; climatic and soil adaptability; propagation technology and rootstocks; plant and fruit physiology; recommended and popular cultivars; planning and planting; soil cultural practices technology - water need, nutritional need, weed control, inter culture; plant cultural practices technology - training and pruning, fruit thinning, fruit quality improvement, use of plant growth regulators; special problems; harvesting and production of fruits; post-harvest fruit technology; insect-pests and diseases management; marketing and export potential. Section-1 covers 5 leading tropical fruits of the country. Similarly, Section- 2 and Section- 3 each covers 2 tropical fruits in order of their importance. Scientists working in different Universities/Institutions and Research Stations have contributed chapter on fruit crops in their respective areas of specialization. The book will be highly beneficial to the graduate and post-graduate students in Fruit Science, fruit growers, scientists and extension workers.

Soil Science is an important and basic science in agriculture which deals with different domains of soil research namely, soil formation, genesis and classification, soil physics, soil chemistry, soil fertility and plant nutrition, soil biology, etc. Characterization as well as our understanding of soils requires that they are precisely analysed and described. While the physical properties of soils determine their adaptability to cultivation, chemical properties tells about their chemical environment and nutrient status to the crop production - the most important use of soils on this densely populated planet. Determination of different soil physical and chemical properties in the field or in the laboratory following suitable analytical methods is first step towards appropriate soil managements and scientific recommendations for increasing crop production.

The book is a new and important addition to Quranic Literature. It gives comprehensive information about the plant and animal species cited in the verses of Holy Quran with respect to their biological status, specific characteristics, economic importance and their roles played in evolution and development of human cultures. All the respective verses citing the names of plants and animals or their products have been mentioned in the book and commented upon. The assigning of the proper biological status to them and their specific description have in a better way clarified the events associated with them and the messages and lessons conveyed through them. The book shall prove very useful to the scholars of the Quran and other religious scriptures who integrate science and religion.

Weeds pose a major threat to the productivity of agricultural and horticultural crops. Weeds are the menace in agriculture and horticulture and cause in the lowering of yield of crops they infested. Keeping these facts in mind, Weed science is published to provide basic information of the weeds along with their control measures to Students, Teachers and persons engaged in agricultural activities. I do not pretend to claim credit for any original contribution on the subject. Rather; it should be viewed as a concise collection of various topics from different, books, bulletins, scientific paper, wave sight etc, the names of which are mentioned in the text itself or in the selected references.

Horticulture plays an important part in today's agriculture and there are new avenues that are being achieved by horticulture. The subject has transformed from only being about vegetables, fruits, flowers and postharvest technology and has moved towards disease, breeding, pathology, physiology, greenhouse technologies and other areas which were never heard for. The book series: Hi-Tech Horticulture has been worked out keeping the above mentioned issues in mind with contribution by eminent professors and scientists. The volumes on: 1. Crop Improvement Nursery and Rootstock Management 2. Organic Farming and Sustainable Development Techniques 3. Improved Production Techniques 4. Plant Protection and Stress Management 5. Value Addition and Post-Harvest Management 6. Advance Techniques

Traditionally women's role in agriculture is staggering with nearly half of the population involved in agriculture and its related activities. Most of the agricultural activities are women specific but tragically worldwide women mostly end up as hired agricultural labourers with substantial gender disparity in wages earning far less than men in the same job. To add to her economic woes, inadequate education, less than satisfactory dissemination of technology, globalization, economic liberalization, commercialization, urbanization, political instability, natural disasters, mechanization of agriculture, decreased agriculture, migration of men to urban areas, and occupational health hazards such as prolonged hours of physical labour resulting in musculo-skeletal injuries, pesticide poisoning also make the life of rural women miserable. True, there are policies and programmes of central and state government to alleviate their problems but they are proportionately insufficient and their execution far from satisfactory. Much needs to be done in disseminating gender segregated data and gender bias in all aspects of agriculture, access to resources including land and natural resources, drudgery reduction, assuring nutritional security, diversification of activities of Self Health Groups and Street Shakti groups with emphasis on productivity including post harvest technology, creation of marketing facilities, ownership to land and other allied resources rural electrification, outreach from the media, collectives of women and inter linking of SHGs, adult literacy, health awareness, gender sensitization of extension functionaries and financials institutions, awareness about pesticide hazard etc. Tragically rural women are not vociferous on issues like foetal killing of female unborn, high rate of female mortality, creation of Special Economic Zones replacing productive lands, farmer's suicide and the plight of their widows, fate of pavement vendors and petty shop keepers replaced by retail outlets of big business houses, etc. The struggle cannot be won by only educated and Non Government Organizations on their behalf. The affected and victimized have to fight directly against the injustice they are facing. Extension workers and NGOs need to help them to become aware of their rights and government programmes specially designed for them and motivate them to redress their problems on their own. This needs scientifically collected information on their problems and relief measures available. The book, Women in Agriculture and Rural Development is a sincere attempt in this endeavour. It has valuable s on gender inequality in agriculture, technological and economic empowerment of women, poverty alleviation and training programmes, role of SHGs and Street Shakti Groups in rural development, capacity building, nutritional profile of rural women, drudgery and its reduction, natural resources conservation and food security

The book is devoted to introduction to andrology, puberty, sexual maturity, sexual behaviour and libido in domestic animals, forms of male infertility- abnormalities, malformations, diseases of male genitalia, their diagnosis and treatment, artificial insemination technology in cattle, semen collection, semen evaluation, semen and its composition, semen dilutors or extenders, packaging of semen, methodology of semen freezing, precautions on frozen semen storage, evaluation of frozen semen, artificial insemination technique using liquid and frozen semen, factors affecting conception rate in artificial insemination programme, factors affecting quality and quantity of semen, planning and organization of artificial insemination (AI) center, record keeping in andrology & artificial insemination, cleaning and sterilization of artificial insemination equipments, andrological investigations for breeding soundness of bulls, artificial insemination technology in buffaloes, horses, pigs, sheep, goats and castration in different domestic animals.

The information compiled in the form of this book will serve as a source of valuable information on the wild edible fruits of India along with their nutritional, medicinal and other uses. Considering the importance of these fruits and their declining genetic resources, necessary protection and conservation measures can be adopted to protect them from extinction and retain the ecosystem for their survival.