Bøger udgivet af Routledge

Foreign Aid and Bangladesh offers a rich combination of aid history - from the evolution of aid as a global agenda after WWII to the rise of different multilateral, bilateral, and emerging donors and their policy shifts - and a nuanced perspective of aid partnerships at the country level. Drawing on first-hand experiences and insights, the author deeply investigates the realities of a longstanding aid recipient, Bangladesh, and argues that without a political economy approach, one cannot understand the realpolitik of development aid. As an emerging economy from the global south, Bangladesh has been a longstanding partner and recipient of international aid since 1971. Bangladesh has also been active in the global discussions leading to redefining the new narrative and arguments for the new aid regime since the beginning of this century. Building on the analysis of Bangladesh's aid relations, the book shows that there has not been any qualitative shift in aid behavior in the new aid regime that set new norms after the end of the Cold War to ensure recipients' ownership and welcomed an expanding aid landscape by integrating emerging economies from the Global South for achieving better development results. The book analyses the role of different actors in the development partnership, both traditional and emerging donors - such as China and India, and their partnership practices. It examines different forms of aid and their changing perspective, particularly technical assistance. Based on more than two decades of research and profound insider observations, the book debunks the myth that Southern providers could be more benign to their partners. The arguments placed in the book expose that there is no difference between traditional and emerging donors in ensuring donors' business and strategic interests. Whilst donors continue to ensure their interests in providing aid, the Realpolitik of the situation in the recipient country shows that there is a specific economic and political agenda in pursuing aid. Presenting a comprehensive picture of Bangladesh's aid partnership, through the lens of new development partnership principles and narratives of development aid, this book will be of interest to professionals and academics of aid and development studies, policy studies, development aid and political science as well as South Asian Studies. Donor officials, civil servants, and national and international policy communities will also benefit from this book.

First published in 1969, The Teaching of Science primarily deals with science teaching in secondary schools and universities but its searching discussion of criteria concerns all who have to do with education. The concise but well-documented treatments of the nature of the scientific process and of the social implications of science will be of interest to many scientists and especially useful for teachers of general studies. Professor Jevons looks first at why we should teach science and thereby sheds light on the more immediately practical problems of how it should be done. He thus does more than merely add to the already large volume of exhortation to make it more attractive and intellectually stimulating.

First published in 1992, Crime, Criminal Justice and the Probation Service is a thought-provoking analysis of the role of the probation service in developing an integrated system of criminal justice. Robert Harris provides readable information about our knowledge of such areas as criminal statistics, victims, fear of crime and crime prevention. He also explores the treatment of women and ethnic minorities by the criminal justice system, the question of a sentencing council and the future of community corrections. A central theme is that all the professionals involved in the criminal justice system must work more closely together so that the mistakes of the past can be avoided in the future. The book therefore has a wide appeal not only to probation officers and social workers, but also to criminal justice professionals and administrators, including the police and the legal profession.

First published in 1935, Practical Socialism for Britain presents an assessment of the Labour government's policy options and aggressively advocates for socialism Britain's panacea. Citing apathy and panic-mongering as the greatest enemies of the Labour Party, the author asserts that the Labour Party can restore meaning and sincerity to politics by bringing about tangible development and eliminating the militarisation of politics. He also exhorts the Crown and the civil services to be politically neutral and pledge allegiance to the Constitution. Strictly anti-fascist and anti-communist, this book will be of interest to students of history, political science, and government.

First published in 1980, Public Spending Decisions attempts to answer some important questions regarding public spending and its relationship with economic and financial stringency. By the beginning of the 1970s the expectation of continuing economic growth had become implicit in the attitudes of politicians, administrators, and the public in Britain; likewise, the assumption of the growth of public spending had become embedded in the machinery and processes of both local and central government. How then were the local authorities and government departments affected by the abrupt halt in the growth of public spending during 1970s? How were the decisions made about the allocation of increasingly scares resources? How did the treasury ensured that the spending limits it established were not exceeded and what are the implications of changes in the attitudes of decision makers towards the growth of the public sector? The contributors are distinguished scholars in the field of local and central government. This book is a must read for scholars of public policy, public administration, finance, and economics.

First published in 1987, Meaning and Action's central theme is the difficulty of matching an understanding of social problems to effective strategies, in a time of endemic fiscal constraints and profound changes in economic structure. Peter Marris explores the relationship between the way we conceive problems and the possibilities of action by examining two British policies - the National Community Development Project and the redevelopment of London's dockland. Drawing on both American and British experiences and policies, Marris shows how, as community planners and organizers became disillusioned with the assumptions underlying existing policies, they searched for a more comprehensive understanding of urban social structure. At the same time, this understanding became almost impossible to translate into practicable strategies of action. The book sets this analysis into a broader framework, showing how the pressures of inflation, rising taxes and unemployment undermined a liberal conception of urban policy and the supportive context it had provided for more radical improvements. It illuminates the ideological dilemma underlying the emergence of the Thatcher and Reagan administrations and the disarray of leftwing political parties. The final chapters discuss the alternative, new conceptions of social theory that are emerging and examines how the metaphors we use to represent social reality, such as structure or reproduction, can help or hinder our ability to re-integrate meaning and action.

First published in 1961, An Introduction to General Metaphysics presents Gottfried Martin's careful study of many of the passages in Plato and Aristotle which deal with metaphysical problems and in particular with the Platonic Theory of Ideas. He has traced the development of the theory both in early works and in late works such as the Parmenides and the Sophistes; and with equal care he has studied the relative passages in Aristotle's Metaphysics. He has quoted many of these passages at length and has offered a careful account and analysis of the progress of Plato's thought. He has also discussed in a very interesting way the main passages relative to Aristotle's criticism of Plato's Theory of Ideas. This book is a must read for any student of Greek Philosophy and Philosophy in general.

First published in 1935, Queen Elizabeth and Her Subjects presents a comprehensive history of the Elizabethan Age. Most of the sketches in the book were with exception of the last, originally delivered as talks for the B.B.C. The main bulk of the book, Chapters II-IX, consists of the series on "Queen Elizabeth's Subjects" delivered in spring of 1934; of which Chapter III, V, VII and IX are by G, B. Harrison and the rest are by A.L. Rowse. It brings topics such as William Cecil and Lord Burghley; women of the Queen's court; Cardinal Allen; three Elizabethan actors: Alleyn, Richard Burbage and Will Kemp and The Elizabethan Age. This book is a must read for students and scholars of British history.

First published in 1942, Palestine is a brief history of Zionism, interspersed with a wealth of observation stimulation for the seeker of objective truth. The author develops his own theories of Jewish racialism, nationalism and colonization, and elaborates on the role of Britain with respect to Zionism in Palestine. He also expands on the binary of a spiritual Zionism and a territorial neo-Zionism stating that former believed in peaceful coexistence with the Arab population in Palestine, while the latter is only invested in aggressive nationalism. The language used is a reflection of its era and no offence is meant by the Publishers to any reader by this republication. This book will be of interest to students of history, political science, international relations and geography.

First published in 1982, Philosophical Foundations of Probability Theory starts with the uses we make of the concept in everyday life and then examines the rival theories that seek to account for these applications. It offers a critical exposition of the major philosophical theories of probability, with special attention given to the metaphysical and epistemological assumptions and implications of each. The Classical Theory suggests probability is simply the ratio of favorable cases to all equi-possible cases: it is this theory that is relied on by gamblers and by most non-specialists. The A Priori Theory, on the other hand, describes probability as a logical relation between statements based on evidence. The Relative Frequency theories locate it not in logic but among empirical rates of occurrence in the real world, while the Subjectivist Theory identifies probability with the degree of a person's belief in a proposition. Each of these types of theory is examined in turn, and the treatment is unified by the use of running examples and parallel analyses of each theory. The final chapter includes a summary and the author's conclusions. This book is an essential read for scholars and researchers of Philosophy.

First published in 1986, The Decline of Arab Oil Revenues explores the fall in the economic value of Arab oil reserves in the 1980s. Some of the threats to Arab countries include depletion of oil resources, rise of alternative sources of energy, international policies designed to control oil prices and growing conflicts of interest between producing and consuming countries. The editors suggest that any decline in oil revenues would negatively affect the economic, political, social and psychological structure of Arab societies since they are yet to explore non-oil sources of wealth. Consequently, the editors stress on the importance of researching the desert, which covers 94% of Arab lands, as a potential source of wealth. Given the current global shift towards sustainable forms of energy, this book is a timely reminder of the economic and political implications of such a shift on Arab countries for students of political science, international relations, geography, and economics.

First published in 1929, Uplift in Economics is a self-proclaimed propaganda against the influence of moral judgement in social science research. The author argues that while the development of mankind is an honourable goal of economics and political science, the understanding and the execution of such development should not be marred by the moral beliefs of the researcher. Instead, priority should be given to scientific temper and empirical facts while carrying out any research. Over the years, the binary of reason and feeling has been replaced with a negotiation of the two; however, it is interesting to study the treatment of this debate at various points in history. This book will be of interest to students of economics, political science, psychology, philosophy and history.

First published in 1927, Economics and Human Behaviour is a defence of orthodox economics against the attacks of social psychology. The author has explicated on the characteristics and value of both orthodox economics as well as psychology, and then presented psychology's criticism against orthodox economics. Before concluding with the limitations of both disciplines, this tiny book reinstates the importance of orthodox economics in the gathering and interpretation of facts. Given the predominance of economics over psychology in current times, this book will be an interesting read for anyone keen on imagining the tables turned. It will also appeal to students of economics, history and psychology.

First published in 1976, Industrial Location and Planning in the United Kingdom investigates in detail the nature of the changes taking place in the location of manufacturing industry since the 1950s and the reasons for them, including the effects of government regional policy and of factors such as market accessibility, labour availability and cost, transport facilities and personal residential preferences by industrialists and workers. The book brings together a wide range of published and unpublished material in discussing and evaluating explanations for regional and local manufacturing growth or decline. Government regional policy and planning is singled out for special attention, in terms of the impact of Development Area grants, of local planning controls, and of the town programmes. Manufacturing movement to new locations and the implications of government regional policies for industrial efficiency are examined in detail, together with the reasons for locational change in key but controversial industries such as steel, motor vehicles and electronics. This book will be of interest to students of urban planning, manufacturing, and development as well as city planners.

First published in 1986, Education Accountability is a critique of writing on accountability and evaluation with respect to education and its various stakeholders. The author applies frameworks drawn from the theory of knowledge, social psychology and social policy, demonstrating how different assumptions about the nature of schooling, curriculum control and development can give rise to various forms of political control, of which education accountability is a special and important case. This sharp book will be valuable reading for all advanced students of education, whether interested in curriculum or educational administration, as well as to students of political science, social policy and evaluation studies, teacher trainers, administrators and educational researchers.

First published in 1976, Religion and Voluntary Organisations in Crisis, analyses the experience of late nineteenth and early twentieth century organised religion by setting it in the context of the whole range of voluntary and other organisations. It provides a detailed study of churches and chapels in Reading set alongside the experience of a biscuit factory, football club, the hospital, the university, the WEA branch, the Social Democratic Federation, the Coop, and the other organisations. The interweaving of religion into the broad social history of the town gives a detailed and exciting picture of the social development of late nineteenth century England. It shows the part that religion had to play in the life of the locality in a very different society from our own and it explores the pressures on religion in the changing phases of capitalist development. This book is an essential read for scholars and researchers of religion, sociology of religion and history.

This book investigates the various meanings of forgetting and their ethical dimension in the Daoist classic Zhuangzi. It responds to recent scholarship in the study of the ethics of forgetting, which has only emerged within the past two decades in the wake of the widespread memory-studies of the late 20th century. This book accomplishes two goals: First, it assimilates insights from contemporary scholarship, and specifically applies Ricoeur's three areas of ethical examinations of forgetting, to the study of the Zhuangzi. It addresses a wide range of ethical themes related to acts of forgetting, such as the meaning of well-being and healing, the issue of personal identity and relational autonomy, the norm of spontaneity, naturalness and suitability, the capacities for being empathic, altruistic and responsive to others, and the values of accommodation, receptivity and all-inclusive friendliness. Second, it places forgetfulness in the wider context of the Zhuangzi's ethical inquiry, and offers a novel understanding of this age-old notion and its exegetic tradition, bringing them into dialogue with Western philosophy and contributing to contemporary discourse on the ethics of forgetting. The first book to present a comprehensive examination on the ethical dimension and meanings of forgetting or forgetfulness in the Daoist philosophy of the Zhuangzi, this monograph will be of interest to researchers in Asian philosophy, religion and culture, moral philosophy or ethics, the study of memory and forgetting, and comparative or cross-cultural philosophy and ethics.

The Marquis de Puységur, Artificial Somnambulism, and the Discovery of the Unconscious Mind presents the first full English translation of a foundational text in the history of psychodynamic thinking, and provides a contextual explanation of its contemporary significance.Written by Puységur in 1784, Memoirs to Serve the History and Establishment of Animal Magnetism describes the author's exploration and discovery of 'artificial somnambulism', a state that reveals insights into the subconscious mind. Building on the healing techniques of Franz Anton Mesmer, Puységur kept detailed notes on his practice with patients, including their names, symptoms and follow-up information, providing unique insight into his process. The full text of this original publication is presented here, complemented by a historical introduction and editor's notes.The Marquis de Puységur, Artificial Somnambulism, and the Discovery of the Unconscious Mind will be of great interest to academics and scholars of psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, and the history of psychology, hypnosis and mental health. It will also appeal to practicing clinicians.

This book argues that, although secular and religious perspectives on disasters have often conflicted, today there are grounds for believing that the world's major faiths have much to contribute to the processes of post-disaster recovery and future disaster risk reduction (DRR). It seeks to demonstrate how contemporary dialogues between theologians, disaster scholars and policymakers are defining new ways. These ways explore the resources of religious communities e.g. buildings, human resources and finance may be used to foster successful policies of disaster risk reduction, particularly in the aftermath of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Musing on the relationships between religion and disasters has occurred for millennia and has affected many societies worldwide. In societies where the world's major religions - Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism and Shinto - have been and remain dominant, attempting to find supernatural explanations for disasters has occurred throughout history and there have been many theologies seeking to explain why people suffer losses. It is argued that developments both within these traditions of faith and in how disasters are understood by the hazard research community of researchers and planners has allowed a new modus vivendi to emerge which emphasises both a recognition of religious worldviews by academic writers and disaster planners on the one hand, and a desire by people of faith and their leaders to be more fully committed to the goals of disaster risk reduction (DRR). The book will appeal to those who are interested in the interface between disasters and theology across the principal religions of the world. This includes researchers and students in geology, geography, theology and religious studies. It will also be useful for specialist academic audience and the educated general reader.

First published in 1962, Public Schools and Private Practice discusses various facets of public schools in Britain from a factual point of view. John Wilson brings crucial themes like public appearance and private life; the public-school community; discipline, religion, and morality; domestic conditions and financing of public schools; political status of public schooling; educational assessment; and future of public schools, to understand questions like what is it like to be a boy or a master at public schools? Do public schools develop a boy's character more successfully than other schools? Or should the public schools be thrown more widely open to the public? This book is an interesting historical document for scholars and researchers of British education and education in general.

First published in 1921, Industrial Fatigue and Efficiency aims to provide a fairly complete overview of industrial fatigue and its influence on efficiency. It brings crucial themes like fatigue and its measurement; output in relation to weekly hours of work; output and hours of work in various industries; the six- hours day and multiple shifts; work spells and rest periods; limitation of output; lost time and its causation; sickness and mortality; industrial accidents and their causation; the prevention of industrial accidents; and adoption of healthy factory conditions, to showcase the importance of adequate lighting, heating and ventilation, washing facilities, cloak rooms, ambulance room and a well found canteen as basic requirements in factories. This book is an important historical document for scholars and researchers of labour studies, labour economics, industrial studies, and political economy.

First published in 1981, Conversation and Discourse attempts to draw together papers illustrating the various different approaches to conversational analysis broadly divided into papers of description and experiment on one hand and papers of theory and analysis on the other. The ordinary speaker finds conversation to be by far the easiest variety of language and it is perhaps for this reason that its manifold, shifting and problematic nature has been overlooked for so long. The performance errors and eccentric constructions that characterise conversation make it remarkably difficult to analyse by orthodox syntactic theory- hence numerous methodologies have been formulated in the field of inquiry, ranging from Gricean theories of conversational implicature to ethnomethodological conversational analysis. This book is a must read for scholars and researchers of linguistics, language and literature.

First published in 1969, Environmental Studies aims to fill up a major gap by surveying the ground for a structural theory of environmental studies for schools and colleges of education. This is not a handbook or manual of environmental studies but an exercise in curriculum development. It begins by examining the terminology and concepts employed in discussing environmental studies. The historical development of the idea is then traced and the relationship between environment and learning analysed. The conclusions reached from these inquiries are then used as a basis for outlining the aims and organisations of environmental studies courses, and practical application of such programmes is considered. Topical and lucid, this book is a must read for anyone interested to know the basics of environmental studies and also relevant for teachers and educationists.

First published in 1973, The Shadow in the Cave explores the history of broadcasting conflicts and shows how they are built into the very roots of broadcasting. Every nation has built into its radio and television system a coded version of anxieties about the nature and effects of mass communication. The whole of the culture of broadcasting- its genres and its style - is an expression of the dilemmas which have bedevilled broadcasting form the moment of its invention. Anthony Smith's book provides for the first time a connected and carefully researched picture of the real issues involved in the debate about broadcasting. This book shows how the argument about levels of taste in broadcasting, about balance and fairness, about trivialisation, control and freedom of access are elements of a gigantic problem which threatens the whole structure of democratic freedom. The book shows some of the path to be taken if broadcasting is not to undermine the basic notion of freedom of expression. Topical, subtle and revealing, this is an important historical document, a must read for scholars and researchers of media studies, news media, media history, mass communication and political studies.

First published in 1993, Specialisation and Choice in Urban Education explores how city technology colleges (CTC) have managed the task of selecting intakes representatives of their catchment areas and explore their impact on local schools. From their announcements in 1986, CTC have been presented both as a new choice of school for the inner city and as pointing the way to a more diversified education system. This account of their development uses interviews with key architects of the initiative to identify more clearly the objectives CTCs were designed to serve. It then draws on interviews and observation in CTCs themselves to discover how far these schools are becoming centres of innovation in school management, curriculum and approaches to teaching and learning. Throughout, the CTC policy is considered in the context of Government's broader political project to challenge 'welfarism' and to encourage entrepreneurship, competition, and choice. This book is an essential read for scholars and researchers of education policy, sociology of education, and education in general.

First published in 1938, Science and Psychical Phenomena presents a comprehensive overview of diverse field of phenomena which is included under the heading of psychical research. Psychical research does not deal in Spiritualism or 'Spooks'. It is the scientific investigation of the hidden faculties of Man, and it constitutes the main pathway to the understanding of the Human Individual. Since second half of nineteenth century, unknown to the general public, careful work with new methods has been going on, and the results when properly understood, are as startling as they are important. The present volume summarizes the work and discusses the far-reaching conclusion to which it points. This book is an important historical document for scholars and researchers of religion, psychology, philosophy of mind and psychic studies.

First published in 1967, Reading and Remedial Reading describes the normal reading programme in the school where the author taught and the diagnosis and treatment of acute difficulties in learning to read. The work deals mainly with so-called educationally maladjusted children, many of whom showed signs of possible damage to the central nervous system, but Mr Tansley believes that the methods and techniques given are applicable to all children, irrespective of levels of intelligence, who are experiencing difficulties to learn. The results achieved are most encouraging and have been tested by numerous expert visitors from this country and abroad. This is a helpful guide to a large number of people- staffs and students in University Education Departments, educational psychologists, remedial teachers, special-school teachers, primary school teachers, and medical officers in the School Health Service.

First published in 1987, Perspectives on Person-Environment Interaction and Drug-Taking Behavior provides a comprehensive overview of the interactionist approach from both a theoretical and applied perspective. Divided into five chapters, it deals with themes like psychosocial interactionism and substance use; social sanctions, self-referent responses, and the continuation of substance abuse; the interaction of child and environment in the early development of drug involvement; reconceptualization of person- environment interactions; and the disease theory of alcoholism from an interactionist perspective. This book is a must read for scholars and researchers of addiction studies, applied psychology and psychology in general.

First published in 1988, Alcoholism Etiology and Treatment provides a stimulating discussion concerning an understanding of the etiology and treatment of alcoholism. Divided into five chapters, it brings themes like the disease concept of alcoholism; interdisciplinary biobehavioral research on alcohol problems; sociocultural and organizational bases of support for alcohol treatment; genetic predisposition to alcoholism; and anthropological perspectives on prevention and intervention, to provide a forum for discussion of some of the issues that prevail in the field of alcoholism. This book is an essential read for students and scholars of addiction studies, psychology, sociology, and behavioural studies.

First published in 1979, in Ways to Paradise Michael Loewe, an internationally recognised authority on Han China, assesses a wealth of an archaeological evidence in an attempt to uncover the attitudes of the pre-Buddhist Chinese to matters relating to death and hereafter. Dr Loewe examines in particular three major subjects of Han art and iconography: a recently found silk painting from Central China dating from around 168 BC; the numerous bronze mirrors of the so-called TLV pattern that came into fashion at the beginning of the Christian era, and which are especially rich in cosmological symbolism; and the representations of the Queen Mother of the West which appear as a leading motif of Chinese art from perhaps a century later. These Dr Loewe sets within a framework of contemporary literature and historical incident to create a wonderfully vivid picture of religious life and thought in this early and fascinating period of Chinese history which was to contribute so much to later developments in Far Eastern Philosophy, religion and art.