Bøger udgivet af Syrawood Publishing House

Natural disasters are adverse events that are caused by natural processes of the Earth. These include earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, tsunamis, tornadoes and hurricanes. Natural disasters can be classified into geological disasters, hydrological disasters, meteorological disasters, space disasters and wildfires. Geological disasters include avalanches and landslides, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Some hydrological disasters are floods, tsunamis, etc. Meteorological disasters comprise of blizzards, cyclones, thunderstorms and hailstorms, among others. Natural disasters can cause severe loss of property and life. This book explores all the important aspects of natural disasters in the present day scenario. The topics included in this book are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying natural disasters.

Proteins are large biomolecules or macromolecules that are made of long chains of amino acid residues. The entire set of proteins that are produced by an organism is called the proteome. It differs from cell to cell and also varies with time. A cell makes different proteins at different times and conditions, such as during cellular differentiation, carcinogenesis, cell cycle and development. The study of proteins is covered by the discipline of proteomics. This field has evolved tremendously due to the development of many innovative approaches. The common techniques for the study of proteins are mass spectrometry and protein profiling, reverse-phased protein microarrays and protein chips. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of proteomics. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies have been included herein. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms. They are part of the biological kingdom Animalia. The study of genes and the processes of reproduction are vital to the understanding of animal diversity and characteristics. In animals, the DNA is arranged in multiple linear chromosomes, which can be very long. Most animals are diploid, which means they have two homologous copies of each chromosome, one from the mother and one from the father. This also means that they possess two copies of every gene. The two alleles specific to a particular gene are present on identical loci of the two chromosomes. In many animals including humans, the genes that are responsible for the inheritance of the male and female characteristics are the Y and X chromosomes respectively. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to the fields of animal genetics and genomics. The topics included in this book are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

The vast field of biotechnology encompasses a number of procedures that involve the modification of living organisms for specific purposes. The applications of biotechnology are found in diverse areas of agriculture, medicine, industry, marine and aquatic environment, etc. Depending on such specializations, this field is categorized into multiple sub-fields. Green, white and yellow biotechnology are its most significant sub-fields. Green biotechnology is involved with the production of genetically modified seeds and the development of environmentally friendly fertilizers and biopesticides. Yellow biotechnology is involved in food production, like in the fermentation of beer, wine and cheese as well as in the control of harmful insects. The applications of bio-catalysis for industrial purposes fall under the domain of white biotechnology. The objective of this book is to give a general view of the different areas of biotechnology and their applications. The topics included in this book are of the utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to readers. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

Traditional waste disposal has tremendous negative impact on the environment. Recycling is a viable alternative because it helps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and prevent wastage. It involves the conversion of waste materials into new materials and objects. The materials that can be recycled include paper, glass, metal, textiles, electronics and plastic. Biodegradable waste such as garden waste and food can also be recycled. Recyclable materials are brought to a collection center and then sorted, cleaned and reprocessed into new materials. Recycling plays a crucial role in managing industrial waste. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the practices of recycling. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in recycling technology. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The study of the interaction of humans with the pedosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and the atmosphere falls under the domain of environmental soil science. The field also delves into diverse aspects of surface water quality, erosion control, septic drain field site assessment, vadose zone functions, land treatment of wastewater, storm water, etc. The restoration of wetlands, remediation of contaminated soils, soil degradation, bioremediation and nutrient management are also covered in this field. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of environmental soil science. Such selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in this book. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.

Veterinary medicine is a branch of medicine that is involved in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of animal diseases, disorders and injuries. Some animal diseases can be transmitted to humans. Such diseases are called zoonotic diseases. They are caused by pathogens like viruses, fungi, parasites and bacteria. Some examples of zoonotic diseases are rabies, influenza, Ebola virus disease, salmonellosis, etc. The monitoring and control of such diseases is also under the domain of this discipline. Veterinary medicine extends to all domesticated and wild animals, however, specializations may also exist for applications for a specific group of animals such as zoo animals, livestock, laboratory animals or pets. Other specializations in this field include veterinary surgery, internal medicine, dermatology and laboratory animal medicine. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of veterinary science. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects and the recent researches in this field. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject

The field of bioinformatics is significant for the understanding of biological data through the development of methods and software tools. It aids in the sequencing and annotation of genomes and mutations, development of gene ontologies, analysis of gene and protein expression and regulation. It also plays a crucial role in cataloguing the biological pathways and networks, simulation and modeling of DNA, RNA and proteins. Pattern recognition, machine learning algorithms and visualization are commonly applied in bioinformatics to conduct these studies. Research in this field focuses in the areas of gene finding, drug design, drug discovery, protein-protein interactions, modeling of evolution, etc. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of bioinformatics, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under this discipline and how such concepts have practical applications. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.

Plants are multicellular organisms of the kingdom Plantae. They are primarily photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms and include flowering plants, conifers, ferns, gymnosperms, etc. The branch of plant biology is concerned with the scientific study of plants. Modern botany integrates aspects of molecular genetics and epigenetics in plant studies. The provision of staple foods and materials such as oil, rubber and drugs is achieved by the application of botanical studies. Plants play a crucial role in maintaining the balance of carbon cycle and water cycle. Research in this field focuses on the identification of plant species and commercial plant varieties by DNA barcoding. This book presents the complex subject of plant biology in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of botany and related fields. The book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this area as well as for experts.

The scientific study of seeds, their structures and processes falls under the domain of seed science. A seed is an essential part of the plant. It is formed during the reproduction process in spermatophytes, including gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. Angiosperm seeds consist of three chief constituents- the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat. In angiosperms, seed development begins with double fertilization. They are essential for the nourishment of the embryo. Seed production in plants is affected by weather conditions, diseases, insects, etc. They are found in various shapes such as bean shaped, triangular, square, spherical and lenticular among many others. Many crops, forest trees, legumes, turf grasses, etc. are propagated through seeds. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to seed science. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It will provide comprehensive knowledge to the readers.

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the treatment of diseases for the welfare of animals. Apart from developing and applying disease interventions in animals, it is also involved in performing cosmetic procedures on animals which include declawing of cats, cropping of ears, docking of tails, etc. Veterinary surgery is an upcoming area of veterinary medicine. Surgical procedures in animals fall within the three broad categories of orthopedics, soft tissue surgery and neurosurgery. Some of the routine veterinary procedures include spaying, castration, minor mass excision, etc. Advanced surgical procedures such as joint replacement, fracture repair, oncologic surgery, kidney transplant, etc. are also conducted in animals. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of veterinary medicine. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to this field. This book is a resource guide for experts as well as students.

Petroleum science is a broad term that integrates the principles of petroleum engineering, petroleum geology and exploration geophysics. Petroleum geology studies the origin, movement and exploration of hydrocarbon fuels. It evaluates different elements of sedimentary basins such as reservoir, seal, trap, timing, maturation and migration. Geophysical survey data is applied in exploration geophysics to analyze potential reservoirs of petroleum. Methods used for finding such deposits include seismic reflection, well logging, remote sensing techniques, etc. Petroleum engineering is a field of engineering that deals with the production of crude oil or natural gas. It focuses on the optimal recovery of hydrocarbons from reservoirs. This book is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in the field of petroleum science. It presents this complex subject in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students, researchers, experts and professionals.

The cell is the structural, functional and biological unit of living organisms. Cell organelles are parts of the cell that execute specific functional roles. Some of the important organelles in the cell are the centrosome, cell membrane, cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, ribosome, etc. Cell biology is a branch of biology that is concerned with the study of the cell and cell organelles. It focuses on the study of eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells and their signaling pathways. Cells can be observed under the microscope using the techniques of optical microscopy, electron microscopy, fluorescence electron microscopy, etc. Cell biology plays a crucial role in varied fields of biology like molecular biology, biochemistry, immunology, genetics, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of cell biology. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects and the recent researches in this field. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for students as well as experts.

Zoology is the branch of biology that is concerned with the scientific study of animals. All aspects of animal structure, classification, embryology and distribution are explored in the domain of zoology. The fundamental theories of cell biology, anatomy, physiology, evolutionary biology, ethology, etc. aid in developing a comprehensive understanding of all animals. Depending on taxonomy, zoology can be divided into the fields of mammalogy, ornithology, entomology and herpetology. The other sub-disciplines include zoography, behavioral ecology, animal physiology, vertebrate and invertebrate zoology, etc. This book traces the progress of this discipline and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the domain of zoology. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists, which will provide innovative insights into this field.

Horticulture is the science of growing plants such as fruits, vegetables and flowers. Plant conservation, garden design, landscape restoration, soil management, arboriculture, etc. are important aspects of horticulture. It involves plant propagation and cultivation with the objective of enhancing plant growth, quality, nutritional profile, yield, disease resistance and environmental stress tolerance. Horticulture also involves the cultivation of ornamental flowers, plants, fruits and vegetables for aesthetic purposes. Some of the prominent areas of study under this discipline are floriculture, pomology, arboriculture, landscape horticulture and turf management. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of horticulture. It explores all the important aspects of horticulture in the present day scenario. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Industrial microbiology is a branch of biotechnology, which is concerned with the production of industrial products by the manipulation of microorganisms. It also involves maximizing product yields through gene amplification using plasmids and vectors. The production of antibiotics, enzymes, alcohol, vitamins, etc. is an important application of industrial microbiology. In agriculture, innovative biopesticides and microbial inoculants are applied to avoid the chemical use of pesticides and fertilizers. This book presents the complex subject of industrial microbiology in the most comprehensible and easy to understand language. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex advancements in this domain. As this field is emerging at a rapid pace, the contents of this book will help the readers understand the modern concepts and applications of the subject.

Plant biology or botany is a branch of biology that is concerned with the study of plants. It studies plant structure, growth, metabolism, diseases, systematics and taxonomy. The study of gene expression mechanisms and control in plants, using molecular genetics and epigenetics is also under the scope of this field. Research in botany is significant in the fields of horticulture, agriculture and forestry for the provision of staple foods and materials like oil, rubber, fiber, timber and medicine. It is also applied in the synthesis of chemicals and raw materials for energy production and construction. The study of plant biology also helps in addressing the global environmental issues of resource management, conservation, food security, carbon sequestration, climate change and sustainability. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to plant biology. It provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of botany and related fields. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

Nutrients are substances that are essential for the survival, growth, development and reproduction of an organism. They are essential for the metabolic processes in cells. They also aid in releasing usable energy for various activities crucial to life processes. Nutrients are generally classified as macronutrients and micronutrients. Some common nutrients are proteins, carbohydrates, calcium, potassium, fats, etc. An inadequacy of nutrient intake in diet can result in various deficiency conditions. The study of nutrients fall under the domain of nutrition science. This book brings forth some of the most innovative concepts and elucidates the unexplored aspects of nutrients. From theories to research, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included herein. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

Crop science is a sub-field of biology that studies the practice of agriculture. It is a multidisciplinary science that integrates the principles of several natural, economic and social sciences. It incorporates the study of plant breeding, genetics, pathology, entomology, soil science, etc. Improving agricultural productivity and minimizing the effects of pests are other areas of interest in this field. Modern crop science uses the tools of agricultural biotechnology to achieve these objectives. The various advancements in crop science are glanced at in this book and their applications as well as ramifications are looked in detail. It elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to crop science. This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying agricultural science and crop science as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and their applications.

The human impact on the environment is understood from the scientific study of anthropocene. It is a proposed epoch in Earth's history characterized by significant human influence on Earth's geology, ecosystems and climate. The loss of biodiversity is due to an accelerated rate of species extinction. This is witnessed through the massive decline of marine phytoplankton in the world's oceans and decrease in algal biomass. Other aspects of human impacts include the large-scale migration of species, rise in global and ocean temperatures, etc. This is caused by human overpopulation, overconsumption, intensive fishing and farming, etc. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts to understand the effects of human activities on the environment. It contains some path-breaking studies in this field. It will serve as a valuable source of reference for all experts and students.

The planning and operation of the consumption and production of energy is referred to as energy management. It strives to achieve climate protection, resource conservation and cost savings. Energy assessment is one of the significant initial stages in developing an effective cost control energy program. Facility management, logistics, production, energy procurement, maintenance, etc. are the operational functions in which energy management is required. Formulating energy strategies for industries involves the considerations of the use of renewable energies, yield expectations, energy investments, etc. Potential energy strategies fall under the classification of passive strategy, maximum strategy and strategy aimed at short-term or long-term profit maximization. Energy efficiency is achieved when there is optimum reduction in the amount of energy expenditure required for providing services. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to energy management and efficiency. Also included in this book is a detailed explanation of the various principles and applications of energy management. It is a resource guide for experts as well as students.

Air pollution is caused by the presence of harmful substances in the air, like gases, particulates, biological molecules, etc. This can lead to various allergies, diseases and also death in humans. It also causes harm to animals and food crops. It is responsible for damage to the environment. Air quality measurement, analysis and monitoring are therefore essential for controlling air quality degradation and measuring the degree of damage. Air quality is monitored by measuring the air pollutant concentrations using specialized equipment and methods. The data obtained is then interpreted to understand the health effects associated with exposures to such concentrations. Air quality index is a measure of how polluted the air is. An increase in air quality index signifies that a larger population is vulnerable to adverse health effects. This book aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of air quality measurement, analysis and monitoring. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on air quality have also been included. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.

Herbalism builds on the science of botany, to develop drugs or diet supplements for the maintenance of health, disease prevention and treatment. Herbal medicine is widely practiced in different parts of Asia and Africa. The use of herbal remedies is more common for patients with cancer, diabetes, asthma, end-stage renal disease, etc. Sometimes, synthetic and herbal drugs can interact causing toxicity to the patient. Essential oil extracts, salves, creams, lotions, etc. can be applied topically. Aromatherapy is also a herbal treatment and works through the direct inhalation of vapors. Herbal medicine is also administered in the form of herbal teas, decoctions, infusions, tinctures, etc. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field. It aims to shed light on some of the unexplored aspects of herbal drugs, their synthesis and applications.

Exercise is a physical activity that enhances physical fitness, and maintains overall health and wellness. It is essential for the prevention of aging, strengthening of muscles, honing athletic skills and maintenance of weight. Physical exercises are classified into the three types- aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise and flexibility exercise. Exercises are also targeted at increasing accuracy, agility, power and speed. The study of how sports and exercise promote health and performance of the human body is under the domain of sports and exercise science. It integrates areas of physiology, anatomy, psychology, biomechanics and biokinetics. This book is a compilation of chapters that discuss the most vital concepts and emerging trends in the field of exercise and sports science. Selected concepts that redefine this field have been presented in this book. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.

Water is essential for the sustenance of all life on earth. There has been an increased exploitation of water resources for sanitation, drinking, manufacturing, agriculture and also leisure. This has resulted in the immediate need of management of water resources by planning and managing their optimum use. A significant focus of water resource management is in the minimization of the environmental impact of water use. A successful water management practice involves an understanding of the available resources, its demands and current usage. Some of the methods of water management include sustainable agricultural practices, managing urban and industrial demand of water and adopting measures of contamination reduction and treatment, etc. This book provides extensive information about the innovative concepts and theories related to water management. It studies, analyzes and upholds the pillars of water management and its utmost significance in modern times. Students, researchers, engineers, environmentalists, experts and all associated with this field will benefit alike from this book.

Water pollution is the contamination of water as a result of human activities. It is primarily caused by the discharge of inadequately treated wastewater into natural water streams leading to environmental degradation and impacts on public health. Other effects include eutrophication, acidity, anoxia, etc. Common contaminants contributing to water pollution include chemicals and pathogens. Water pollution can be classified as surface water, groundwater and marine pollution. The measurement of water pollution is done by analyzing water samples with a variety of physical, chemical and biological tests. Prevention of pollution can be achieved by the adoption of appropriate sewage and industrial treatments, control of urban runoff, agricultural wastewater management, erosion and sediment control, etc. This book provides comprehensive insights into the field of water pollution. It discusses some existing theories and innovative concepts revolving around water pollution, its treatment and mitigation strategies. This book is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field.

Veterinary science is a branch of medicine that is concerned with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders in animals. It also deals with treating injuries in both domesticated or wild animals. Zoonotic disease control, food safety assurance and livestock health monitoring are significant areas of emphasis. Some of the commonly performed veterinary surgeries are in the areas of joint replacement, wound management, neurosurgery, oncological surgery, etc. Animal behavior and welfare are also closely studied and monitored under this field. This book consists of contributions made by international experts working in diverse areas of veterinary science. It traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and applications. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this discipline.

Viruses are submicroscopic parasitic and infectious agents that replicate inside the living cells of other organisms. Virology is the branch of science concerned with the in-depth study of all types of viruses. Viruses are generally studied under an optical microscope. They affect all organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants and animals. Some viral diseases in humans include common cold, influenza, chickenpox, AIDS, etc. Virology has played a significant role in the study of genetics, protein transport and immunology. Some of the diverse topics covered in this book address the varied aspects of virology. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on viruses have been included herein. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Fisheries science is the scientific study of fisheries. It integrates the principles of biology, ecology, limnology and marine science to develop a holistic understanding of fisheries. It is concerned with capturing wild fish as well as raising fish through fish farming. The primary sources of fisheries are oceans and seas. Fisheries can be classified as industrial scale, recreational and artisanal fisheries. The management of fisheries is concerned with the sustainable exploitation of resources. This book provides comprehensive insights into this area of study. It unfolds the innovative aspects of fisheries science which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. This book is appropriate for students seeking detailed information in this discipline as well as for experts.

Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that fall under the kingdom of Animalia. The study of these diverse organisms is the focus of the discipline of zoology. It involves a detailed study of the biological characteristics of animals with respect to their morphology, embryology, reproduction, development, ecology and diversity. Animals are categorized into the domains of kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species according to their biological specifications. Depending on food habits, animals are also classified as herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, parasites and detritivores. The topics covered in this book will offer the readers new insights into the field of zoology. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. Students as well as researchers will benefit from an in-depth study of this book.