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South American Archaeology Series No 15The research presented in this volume seeks to build a series of qualitative and quantitative multi-scale paleoenvironmental models of the past conditions in the Dry Puna of Argentina setting out the conditions under which human adaptation occurred.

In this work the cult of the Capitoline Triad is examined from a viewpoint that varies from the traditionally public and official one. A review of its archaeological and epigraphic sources shows how the devotion to the three divinities also permeated the private sphere of individuals in addition to the public or collective events. Although the Capitoline cult lost its pre-eminence during the Imperial age, it remained a clear symbol of tradition, adopted to reassert identity or to display self-satisfaction and power.

This research is focused on the Medieval human skeletal series recovered from Sanjan (Valsad District, Gujarat, India). Horizontal excavations were undertaken at the archaeological site of Sanjan for three field seasons during 2002-05 jointly by the World Zarathushti Cultural Foundation and the Indian Archaeological Society. Studies on human skeletal remains recovered from the excavations were undertaken at the Anthropology laboratory of Archaeology Department of Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute, Pune in 2006-07. The skeletal series of Sanjan is promising for more than one reason. The Parsis are Zoroastrian refugees from Iran, who made their landing near the present town of Sanjan on the coast of western India around 750 A.D. The Parsis represented in the skeletal series are the 16th century representatives of the ancestral migrant population. The broader aim of this study is to provide anthropological data for the skeletal population, an intermediate stage, which could be effectively used to evaluate the evolutionary changes seen from the ancestral population residing in Iran and the contemporary Indian Parsis.

The book traces archaeological history of the Picene area from the 5th to the 1st centuries BC. The problem of romanization is accessed from the perspective of human occupation of the landscape and the administrative organization of that occupation. Examined are settlements, sacred and funerary contexts as well as sporadic finds from the area.

Sanjan Excavation Report Volume 3Written by Sharad Rajaguru, Sushama Deo, Pramod Joglekar, Padmakar Prabhune, Vijay Sathe, Shivendra Kadgaonkar and Arati Deshpande-MukherjeeThe authors examine medieval period of Sanjan, situated on the western coast of India, to the south of the river Tapi. The volume includes reports on geo-morphology of the area, animal bones, shells, coins and iconography. The area has a special importance in the commerce of the Indian Ocean.

This book analyses the technological process of ceramic moulding. To this end, the work is organised into four sections: The first section discusses the concepts on which the analyses are based. The second section analyses the theoretical-methodological background. This section is based on a social view of the operational chain and on a specific design adapted to the technological interpretation of the macro-traces created by the ceramic moulding process. The third section discusses the entire protocol for the technological identification of macro-traces created by the ceramic moulding process. The final section deepens the interpretative strategies offered by the ceramic moulding analysis and the volume concludes with a reflection on the limits and possibilities of the proposed methodology.

The River Miera occupies a limestone valley in the centre of Cantabria, northern Spain. Its archaeological record, which was poorly known previously, was studied in depth during two seasons of archaeological surveying whose results are published in this volume. The information obtained allows the reconstruction, albeit with certain gaps, of the evolution, over more than 100ka, in the way human societies adapted to the varied landscape, from the rich coastal platform to the poor inland limestone mountains. The existence of similar studies in neighbouring valleys, the Asón and the Saja, enables the determination of small differences in each archaeological period.

This monograph presents the results of an intensive site survey of three Prehistoric Bronze Age cemeteries in the vicinity of Marki Alonia in central Cyprus. These cemeteries contained around 370 pit and chamber tombs, and were in use from the Early Cypriot Bronze Age into the Middle Cypriot period. Each of the cemeteries has been looted since the Second World War, with the result that a sizable scatter of ceramic artefacts lies across their surfaces. It is this scatter that forms the main subject of this work. Marki's cemeteries provided an important opportunity to assess the value of looted sites to archaeologists. The taphonic processes that have affected the sites are therefore discussed in detail, with the conclusion that although cultural and natural processes can significantly affect a ceramic assemblage from a looted cemetery, they do not render them valueless. The work concludes that the ceramics interred in Prehistoric Bronze Age cemeteries differed little from those used in day-to-day life in the settlement, and that although mortuary assemblages from across Cyprus were generally similar, some idiosyncrasies existed from site to site. Additionally, the study considers issues of social complexity, chronology, burial customs, and symbolic behaviour.

This monograph presents a reassessment of the meanings and characteristics of Romanization. The research aims at challenging the predominant views on ethnic changes and Roman cultural dominations; exploring the Jewish perspectives on landscape as a means for criticizing the cultural and ethnic Romanization Approaches; and investigating the political consequences of the Herodian building program and consequent relationship with the imperial government. 'Romanization' originally meant 'to become Roman'. Studies of Romanization in provinces other than Palestine rely heavily on changes in material culture as the indicators of transformation of cultural and ethnic identities from 'natives' to 'Romans'. Supported by numerous literary records, such phenomena did not occur in Palestine. Under Roman rule, the Jews were never assimilated to become Roman. Jews also did not show any desire to be self-Romanized. Moreover, no evidence suggests any intention of ethnic and cultural assimilation from the imperial government or the client kings. It has always been assumed that the imposition of 'Roman architecture' was a strong indicator of cultural and ethnic Romanization. However, the term 'Roman architecture' is uncritically used in architectural studies. Herodian buildings should not be simply classified as 'Roman architecture'. The Herodian builders made use of local, Near Eastern, Eastern Mediterranean and Italian architectural elements and subsequently created hybrid architectural forms. Some Herodian structures were similar to those in Italy, but their perceived meanings in Palestine might not have been the same as in Italy, because the Jewish population in Palestine viewed them in terms of their local culture. It has been assumed that Palestinian Jews were so distinctive that they were immune from ethnic and cultural Romanization. But the phenomenon in Palestine might not have been a distinctive one; without the help of surviving literature, Palestine would be interpreted in a similar way to other Roman provinces. Therefore, 'peoples' in other provinces might not have 'become Roman' ethnically and culturally.

Sudan Archaeological Research Society, Publication Number 13This volume is the first of a series that will report on surveys and excavations carried out in the most northerly portion of Sudanese Nubia, in the years between 1960 and 1963. Specifically, the area covered comprised the west bank of the Nile between the villages of Faras and Gemai, and adjacent islands of the Second Cataract. This stretch of approximately 60km was selected for initial attention because it was the area most immediately threatened, by construction of the cofferdam that preceded the main Aswan High Dam. During the course of four seasons the West Bank Survey recorded a total of 262 sites, ranging in age from Neolithic to early modern, and carried on at least some excavation in well over half of them. The present volume describes only the sites of Meroitic and Ballaña age that were discovered during the survey, while sites of earlier and of later date will be described in subsequent volumes.

This volume contains the 48 papers from the proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Late Roman Coarse Wares, Cooking Wares and Amphorae in the Mediterranean: Archaeology and Archaeometry which was held in Barcelona in March 2002. This was a significant event in that it focused for the first time in an international forum on (late) Roman cooking wares and amphorae. The papers presented in this volume all show how the study of Roman coarse wares, cooking wares and amphorae can contribute to ourknowledge and understanding of a wide range of issues and problems. [See also BAR S1662 2007 for Conference 2]

For the ancient Greeks the rituals that followed all military confrontations carried a special religious and symbolic meaning. These rituals included the erection on the battlefield of a trophy consisting of a wooden frame dressed with the weapons of the enemy and also the ritual offering and exhibition of part of the spoils of war at certain sites of worship. The presence of weapons at sanctuaries is, therefore, a clear indication of the ritual and symbolic value attributed to weapons. In this work, the author investigates the finds of all types of weapons found in areas of Greece devoted to worship. As well as the archaeological evidence, the author explores the epigraphic documents and classical sources providing information related to the Greek practice of dedicating weapons to the gods. Chapter One is a brief introduction to the religious and ritual aspects of war in the ancient Greek world. Chapter Two deals with the subject of the Greek trophy (tropaion) as a victory ritual involving the presence of weapons, and Chapter Three analyses the presence of elements of military equipment elements at sites of worship, including a catalogue of the sanctuaries.

This work studies a rare collection of statues and statuettes from Cilicia, including an examination of a Dolichenian hand from Comana in Commagene, and a short description of 20 antique statuettes from the Museum of Hatay, ancient Antioch. The volume opens with a short overview of the historical events that shaped Cilicia, a coastal region in south-eastern Anatolia, from the end of the protohistoric period to Late Antiquity, and also a brief summary of the archaeological collections and museums established in the region. As well as examining the items still remaining in the area, the authors have also included Cilician bronzes curated in museums in Istanbul, Paris and London. Two appendices describe the bronzes of neighbouring regions: a remarkable hand with Dolichenian reliefs, found at Comana in Commagene and now preserved at Adana. In Appendix 2 the authors provide summary descriptions of 20 bronze statuettes in the Museum of Hatay, ancient Antioch, several of them directly paralleled in Cilicia. Most of these figurines testify to a supply of high-quality statuettes, some of which were produced locally. The Egyptian cults are slightly better represented here than in Cilicia, with two Osiris figurines and one of the sacred bull, Apis.

This volume results from the author's researches into the archaeological data which came to light from settlement excavations in the northern Euxeinos Pontos. This is the sum of all archaeological evidence attesting to the presence in this area of emporia settlements. The author's sources include inscriptions, written, and archaeological material. The aim of the study is to offer as accurate a description as possible of the Black Sea emporia (from the data provided by modern in situ research) covering in particular the period from the middle of the 7th c BC to around 580 BC.

Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology 1This study of post-medieval ceramic production and consumption in the Lower Rhineland is prefaced by a survey of previous work and approaches in the field. With the initiation of large-scale urban excavations in the Lower Rhineland during the 1980s, particularly in the town of Duisburg, an extensive sequence of pottery has been recovered dating from c .1400 to 1800, enabling archaeologists for the first time to re-examine traditional chronologies, attributions and socio-economic interpretations. This survey comprises 95 individual assemblages of pottery from sites excavated in Duisburg and from towns and rural sites in the region. Studies in Contemporary and Historical Archaeology is a new series of edited and single-authored volumes intended to make available current work on the archaeology of the recent and contemporary past. The series brings together contributions from academic historical archaeologists, professional archaeologists and practitioners from cognate disciplines who are engaged with archaeological material and practices.

This study presents a coevolutionary perspective on the interaction between human and guanaco (Lama guanicoe) populations in Magallania (the area at both sides of the Magellan strait comprising the southernmost part of continental Patagonia and the north of Tierra del Fuego in southern South America (Argentina and Chile)), over the last 12,000 14C years BP. The methodological approach adopted combines the use of morphological, paleoenvironmental, zooarchaeological, and technological data.

Proceedings of the XV World Congress, UISPP, Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006. Volume 21. Session C64 and C65Edited by Thierry Aubry, Francisco Almeida, Ana Cristina Araújo and Marc TiffagomThis book includes papers from the session 'Space and Time: Which Diachronies, which Synchronies, which Scales?' (C64) and 'Typology vs Technology' (C65) held at the XV UISPP World Congress, Lisbon, September 2006.

This work provides a critical, reflexive panorama of the way archaeological pottery studies in North-western Argentina were carried out throughout the discipline's history (from 16th century onwards). It evaluates their variation or lack of variation in the different sub-areas in the region (Puna, Valleys, Ravines and Western Forests) and analyzes the development of these studies against the theoretical-methodological changes in national archaeology (thus evaluating how and why these studies have changed). It presents the state-of-the-art view of pottery studies in North-western Argentina discussing their theoretical-methodological frameworks and evaluating the features and associated impact of world archaeological thought. In this research many sources were consulted, such as documental sources, background histories of Argentinean archaeology, printed personal reflections of the protagonists, main periodical journals of Argentinean archaeology (from its origins to nowadays), proceedings of all Argentinean archaeology national congresses, seminars, workshops, regional archaeological congresses proceedings, and proceedings of the International Congresses of Americanists held in Argentina, as well as Argentinean researchers' papers presented in World Archaeological Congresses and in Spanish publications of the kind (to assess the impact of Argentinean archaeology in Spain), and various Ph.D. and Undergraduate Theses in Argentina. Different specialized conferences were considered and supplemented with interviews to Argentinean and Latino-American archaeologists. References to such documental sources are included, compiling a bibliographic corpus of general Argentinean archaeology.

A study of boat iconography in the Iberian Peninsular during Prehistory.

This work investigates the evolution of urban design in the Andes of South America to ascertain if there existed in pre-Hispanic times a shared Andean tradition of urban planning. Since, in previous research, Andean urban planning has been treated as the product of individual sites or cultures, this study explores the repeated use of design elements within Andean urban planning, in order to isolate specific elements for individual functional analysis within the context of a cultural tradition. The primary focus is to demonstrate clearly the urban design connection that forms a coherent Andean urban planning tradition shared between the urban civilizations of the Andes from the inception of urbanism around the beginning of the third millennium BC until the cultural disruption of the Spanish conquest in the mid-sixteenth century AD. Through the investigation and understanding of the evolving sophistication of the cultures within the Andes cultural, political and geographical region, the study demonstrates that certain ideas of urban design, from very early times, began to form a coherent planning tradition that was shared by civilizations, cultures and settlements in close and distant contact. Moreover, these ideas for architectural designs and layouts for urban areas were not only shared geographically but also repeated through time.

This study examines changes in Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact and early contact periods in Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia). This was primarily achieved through the analysis of faunal and artifactual assemblages recovered from archaeological excavations at eight village sites in Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site (southernmost Haida Gwaii). In addition, extensive syntheses of early historic accounts, ethnographic descriptions, and previous archaeological work provide context for the interpretation of the archaeological data and complementary data on the economic responses of the Haida to European contact and the maritime fur trade. The new archaeological data presented in this volume, combined with previously published results, form the basis of a detailed description of the nature of Haida economic adaptations during the late pre-contact period (ca. 500 AD to 1774 AD). Most notably, these data clarify a previously recognized shift from a more generalized, rockfish-oriented economy to a more specialised, salmon-focused economy between 1,200 BP and 800 BP. These distinct economic adaptations, now widely demonstrated for southern Haida Gwaii, have been formalized as an earlier Xyuu daw Phase (ca. 2,000 BP to 1,000 BP) and a later Qayjuu Phase (ca. 1,000 BP to contact), both within the previously described late Graham Tradition.

A study of the urban archaeology (employing contemporary landscape theories) of the city port areas of Buenos Aires, in particular the port known as 'La Boca'. The chronological record takes in a time span of some 300 years (AD 1700 to 2000) and study topics include commercial and domestic space usage.

Proceedings of the XIII Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, Selcuk University of Konya, Turkey 23-24 April 2009This book includes papers from the XIII Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology, held at Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey from 23-24 April 2009.

Written by Minna Lönnqvist, Markus Törmä, Kenneth Lönnqvist and Milton NuñezThis book presents the work of the Finnish project SYGIS on Jebel Bishri, a mountainous region in Central Syria. The main focus of this archaeological project was to unambiguously locate discovered sites on the Earth's surface in order to provide a starting point for the recording and creation of data to help with the cultural heritage management of Syria, as well as to help prevent looting and to aid in the preservation of cultural remains in this vulnerable area. The sites encountered during this project covered a time span of nearly 0.5 million years and in a series of chronological chapters the development of human cultures in the Jebel Bishri region over the course of time is explored. The interaction of people between different environmental zones and the cultural longue durée emerge as themes of particular importance.With contributions by Sanna Aro-Valjus, Minna Falck, Michael Herles, Merja Kaario, Markus Königsdörfer, Donald Lillqvist, Kirsi Lorentz, Martti Nissinen, Jari Okkonen, Juha Pakkala, Anniina Pietilä, Helena Riihiaho, Juhana Saukkonen, Taija Turunen, Arto Vuorela and Margot Stout WhitingEdited by Minna Lönnqvist and Kenneth Lönnqvist

Proceedings of the GIS session at EAA 2009, Riva del GardaThe GIS session entitled 'Go your own least cost path - Spatial technology and archaeological interpretation': as presented at the September 2009, European Association of Archaeologists 15th Annual Meeting in Riva del Garda, Italy.

IV Reunión Internacional de Teoría Arqueológica Sudamericana, Inter-Congreso del WAC 3-7 de Julio de 2007, Catamarca, ArgentinaSouth American Archaeology Series No 14The papers in this volume seek to examine the role of archaeological ceramics in the social processes of past societies, specifically with respect to the formulation and re-formulation of cultural practices. They also offer critical discussion with respect to the limitations of various theoretical approaches to the study of archaeological ceramics.

The dynamic relationship between technology, technological practice, and society is the focus of this book, based on the analysis of Neolithic pottery production in Valencia, eastern Spain. Two main questions frame this study: 1) what are the changes in technological practices in the manufacture of pottery during the Neolithic, and 2) how do these changes articulate with shifts in other realms of society? In order to address these questions the author turned to insights and discussions on the role of technology in society in evolutionary theory, agency-based approaches, and behavioral archaeology to frame the study in relevant, anthropological terms. With a set of explicit hypotheses the author then uses standard archaeological methods in the analysis of prehistoric pottery to reconstruct production techniques and evaluate the hypotheses.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 80The two key themes in this work are 1) the meeting between knowledges about the material world, and 2) the intimate relationships between people and their material surroundings we find in the social dynamics of households. The approach consists of three comparative field studies of present-day contexts conducted among eastern Bantu-speakers in Mozambique, Botswana and South Africa, in addition to an archaeological synthesis of the sequence known as 'Moloko', belonging to the Late Iron Age (AD 1300-1840) in southern Africa. While located within the discipline of archaeology, the approach draws on insights from anthropology, history, sociology and philosophy. Focusing on the relationship between clay, ceramic containers and social interaction in household spaces which follow rationales that may be associated with a sub-Saharan 'thermodynamic philosophy', the main objective is to arrive at an understanding of the relevant social dynamics involved in the developments of the Moloko ceramic sequence and the spatial and material changes to associated settlements. The work is presented in three main parts. The first presents the archaeological research status of the Moloko sequence and provides an overview of the main theoretical strands in the discourse. The second part seeks to accommodate the theoretical framework into an approach for studying clay practice, a methodology which is implemented by three field studies. The third part consists of an archaeological synthesis which draws on the insights from the previous two parts. Three specific research questions are sought answered. These relate to 1) diachronic variation in social meanings of fire and hearths, 2) changes to the social dynamics of living members of households and their ancestral links, and 3) the relationship between the microscale changes and regional social transformations towards the terminal Iron Age in southern Africa, with a particular emphasis on the implications for women's personhood.

Edited by G. de Marinis, G. M. Fabrini, G. Paci, R. Perna and M. SilvestriniA collection of thirty-two papers dealing with the development of the city in the Adriatic area, on Italian, Dalmatian and Albanian coasts. The time period stretches from the Iron Age right through to the late Roman period.

This volume is a collection of 18 papers resulting from a symposium organized for the Society of American Archaeology in Chicago in 1999. The objective was to facilitate discussion on the fundamental problems of the European Early Upper Paleolithic period (c.30k-45k BP), with special focus on innovative techniques, methods, or theoretical frameworks that have usefully resituated the problems and knowledge of the EUP. The work is divided into three sections - The transition from LMP to EUP; Questions of typological significance and technological organization; Explaining interassemblage variability. The sites and finds discussed range from Portugal and Spain as far as the Middle East and the Ukraine.