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This treatise commemorates the 32nd anniversary of the first successful allogenic kidney transplant in a human being and the beginning of a con­ tinuing challenge for well over a generation of anesthesiologists. If compari­ sons can be permitted, this epoch-making event can be ranked with the first pulmonary lobectomy and subsequently the initial ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus in the late 1930s when thoracic and cardiac surgery began. Was it merely a coincidence that brought these events to the fore so close upon one another after many years of ideation and frustration? Not so, according to Lewis Thomas, for this was the time of medicine's second revolution-its transformation from an empirical art into a powerfully effective science. The remote Galenic conception of disease with its emphasis on disturbed body humors was about to be supplanted by effective therapeutics, as signified by the introduction of the sulfonamides and antibiotics for the specific treatment of infection. Anesthesiology had been dormant up to that era, still relying upon a few agents, more or less utilized from the beginning, and purveyed by a handful of specialists who had not yet begun to ask the scientific questions necessary for their maturation into a bona fide discipline. However, anesthesiology was in­ evitably caught in the ferment, for as Peter Caws observed, "It serves to re­ mind us that the development of science is a step-wise process: nobody starts from scratch and nobody gets very far ahead of the rest.

ONE: Liver and Bile.- 1 Liver scintigraphy.- 2 Differential diagnosis of jaundice with hepatobiliary scintigraphy.- 3 Kinetics of gallbladder emptying.- 4 Hepatobiliary imaging after gastrointestinal surgery.- 5 Measurements of liver haemodynamics.- 6 Hepatic scintigraphy for evaluation of liver grafts.- 7 Differential diagnosis of liver tumors.- 8 Intra-arterial liver scintigraphy with99mTc-MAA.- TWO: Stomach and Intestines.- 9 Detection of gastroduodenal ulcers using Technetium-99m-labelled sucralfate.- 10 Gastroesophageal and biliary reflux.- 11 Nuclear medicine in inflammatory bowel diseases.- 12 Detection and localization of gastrointestinal bleeding sites with scintigraphic techniques.- 13 Intestinal absorption tests.- THREE: Miscellaneous.- 14 Investigations of disorders of motility of the esophagus in chronic diseases.- 15 Radioimmunoscintigraphy in gastroenterology.- 16 Scintigraphic procedures for the proof of peritoneo-venous shunt patency.

Theodore H. Stanley. M. D. W. Clayton Petty. M. D. Anesthesia. the Heart and the Vascular System contains the Refresher Course manuscripts of the presentations of the 32nd Annual Postgraduate Course in Anesthesiology which took place at the Westin Hotel Utah Convention Center in Salt Lake City. Utah. February 20-24. 1987. The chapters reflect new data and concepts within the general framework of "risk. preoperative evaluation and monitoring. " "cerebral. pulmonary and peripheral vascular disease. " "new agents. their advantages and their problems" and "pediatric. cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. " The purposes of the textbook are to 1) act as a reference for the anesthesiologists attending the meeting. and 2) serve as a vehicle to bring many of the latest concepts in anesthesiology to others within a short time of the formal presentation. Each chapter is a brief but sharply focused glimpse of the interests in anesthesia expressed at the conference. This book and its chapters should not be considered complete treatises on the sub­ jects addressed but rather attempts to summarize the most salient points. This textbook is the fifth in a continuing series documenting the pro­ ceedings of the Postgraduate Course in Salt Lake City. We hope that this and the past and future volumes reflect the rapid and continuing evolution of anesthesiology in the late twentieth century. YO TABLE OF CONTENTS Diabetes: Preoperative Evaluation and Intraoperative Management Simon de Lange, M. D. , Ph. D.