Bøger i Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series serien

Provides the reader with a comprehensive overview and understanding of the diverse field of hydrology. This volume emphasizes the practical applications of this field. It is a reference for various hydrologists, hydrogeologists and water engineers worldwide.

The Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences is a complete and authoritative reference work. It provides concise explanation on each term that is related to Mathematical Geosciences. Over 300 international scientists, each expert in their specialties, have written around 350 separate articles on different topics of mathematical geosciences including contributions on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Compositional Data Analysis, Geomathematics, Geostatistics, Geographical Information Science, Mathematical Morphology, Mathematical Petrology, Multifractals, Multiple Point Statistics, Spatial Data Science, Spatial Statistics, and Stochastic Process Modeling. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and author indices are comprehensive and extensive.

Larsgaard, Choice, Volume 43, Issue 6, Page 989, February 2006. "This volume is a comprehensive collection of articles covering all aspects of the subject: social and economic, engineering, coastal processes, habitats, erosion, geological features, research and observation."

The past few decades have witnessed the explosive growth of Earth Sciences in the pursuit of knowledge and understanding the planet Earth. Such a development addresses the challenging endeavour to enrich human lives with bounding Nature as well as to preserve the Planet Earth, the Moon, the other planets, in total the Cosmos, for generations to come. Geodetic Sciences aspires to define and quantify the internal structure, the surface structure, the Oceans and the Atmosphere as well as the exterior - interior structure of the planets.Basic principles of Physics and Astronomy, namely the Static Gravity Field, the time-varying Gravity Field, in short Gravitodynamics, of the Earth and the other planets, the complex rotational motion for rigid bodies as well as deforming bodies of the Earth, The Moon, the Sun, and the planets and their moons and on top the time-varying Topography open a fascination Arena of Geodetic Sciences.

In addition to traditional topics - descriptions of major structural groups, methods of mineral analysis, and the paragenesis of mineral species - this volume embraces such subjects as asbestiform minerals, minerals found in caves and in living beings, and gems and gemology.

The Encyclopedia of Estuaries, part of Springer's Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, provides a single, state-of-the-art, comprehensive reference volume on estuaries for research scientists, educators, students, and others.

Geoarchaeology is the archaeological subfield that focuses on archaeological information retrieval and problem solving utilizing the methods of geological investigation. Archaeological recovery and analysis are already geoarchaeological in the most fundamental sense because buried remains are contained within and removed from an essentially geological context. Yet geoarchaeological research goes beyond this simple relationship and attempts to build collaborative links between specialists in archaeology and the earth sciences to produce new knowledge about past human behavior using the technical information and methods of the geosciences. The principal goals of geoarchaeology lie in understanding the relationships between humans and their environment. These goals include (1) how cultures adjust to their ecosystem through time, (2) what earth science factors were related to the evolutionary emergence of humankind, and (3) which methodological tools involving analysis of sediments and landforms, documentation and explanation of change in buried materials, and measurement of time will allow access to new aspects of the past.This encyclopedia defines terms, introduces problems, describes techniques, and discusses theory and strategy, all in a format designed to make specialized details accessible to the public as well as practitioners. It covers subjects in environmental archaeology, dating, materials analysis, and paleoecology, all of which represent different sources of specialist knowledge that must be shared in order to reconstruct, analyze, and explain the record of the human past. It will not specifically cover sites, civilizations, and ancient cultures, etc., that are better described in other encyclopedias of world archaeology.The EditorAllan S. Gilbert is Professor of Anthropology at Fordham University in the Bronx, New York. He holds a B.A. from Rutgers University, and his M.A., M.Phil., and Ph.D. were earned at Columbia University. His areas of research interest include the Near East (late prehistory and early historic periods) as well as the Middle Atlantic region of the U.S. (historical archaeology). His specializations are in archaeozoology of the Near East and geoarchaeology, especially mineralogy and compositional analysis of pottery and building materials. Publications have covered a range of subjects, including ancient pastoralism, faunal quantification, skeletal microanatomy, brick geochemistry, and two co-edited volumes on the marine geology and geoarchaeology of the Black Sea basin.

The Encyclopedia of Applied Geology is an international compendium of engineering geology topics prepared by experts from many countries.

Solid Earth Geophysics aspires to define and quantify the internal structure and processes of the Earth in terms of the principles of physics and forms the intrinsic framework, which other allied disciplines utilize for more specific investigations.

Few subjects share the true interdisciplinary dependency that characterizes the field of natural hazards. The Encyclopedia of Natural Hazards effectively captures and integrates contributions from international specialists whose range of expertise address some 250 topics pertinent to the field of natural hazards.

This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth.

The Encyclopedia of Soil Science provides a comprehensive, alphabetical treatment of basic soil science in a single volume. With increased usage of soil for world food production, building materials, and waste repositories, demand has grown for a better global understanding of soil and its processes.

Both sciences have applications in navigation, in the search for minerals and hydrocarbons, in dating rock sequences, and in unraveling past geologic movements such as plate motions they have contributed to a better understanding of the Earth.

The Encyclopedia of Geobiology has been designed to act as a key reference for students, researchers, teachers, and the informed public and to provide basic, but comprehensible knowledge on this rapidly expanding discipline that sits at the interface between modern geo- and biosciences.

This Encyclopedia comprises the current knowledge in marine geosciences whereby not only basic but also applied and technical sciences are covered. Beyond the "classical" research fields in marine geology in current time more general concepts have been evolved integrating marine geophysics, hydrography, marine biology, climatology and ecology.

One of Springer's Major Reference Works, this book gives the reader a truly global perspective. Paleoclimate topics covered in the encyclopedia give the reader the capability to place the observations of recent global warming in the context of longer-term natural climate fluctuations.

This is a complete and authoritative reference text on an evolving field. Over 200 international scientists have written over 340 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including organics, trace elements, isotopes, high and low temperature geochemistry, and ore deposits, to name just a few.

This unique volume, organized alphabetically by country, provides a current overview of the general geology of Europe and Asia, excluding the Arab countries and Israel.

A successor to the 1986 Encyclopedia of Climatology, this compendium provides a clear explanation of current knowledge and research directions in modern climatology.

This new Encyclopedia of Coastal Science stands as the latest authoritative source in the field of coastal studies, making it the standard reference work for specialists and the interested lay person.

This comprehensive, one-volume encyclopedia covers the sedimentological aspects of sediments and sedimentary rocks. It features more than 250 entries by some 180 eminent contributors from all over the world, excellent indices, cross references, and extensive bibliographies.

This first encyclopaedic reference on remote sensing describes the concepts, techniques, instrumentation, data analysis, interpretation, and applications of remote sensing, both airborne and space-based.

Deals with the nature and genesis of igneous rocks that have crystallized from molten magma, and of metamorphic rocks that are the products of re-crystallization associated with increases in temperature and pressure, mainly at considerable depths in the Earth's crust.

Lakes and reservoirs hold about 90% of the world's surface fresh water, but overuse, water withdrawal and pollution of these bodies puts some one billion people at risk.

This volume provides an overview of (1) the physical and chemical foundations of dating methods and (2) the applications of dating methods in the geological sciences, biology, and archaeology, in almost 200 articles from over 200 international authors.

Provides an introduction to general field work through selected topics that illustrate specific techniques and methodologies. This book includes one hundred and twenty-three main entries that deal with aspects of exploration surveys, geotechnical engineering, environmental management, field techniques, mapping, prospecting, and mining.

It will be a "first-up" volume which will nicely complement the recently published Encyclopedia of Soil Science, (November 2007) which was published in the same series.In a single authoritative volume a collection of about 250 informative articles and ca 400 glossary terms covering all aspects of agrophysics will be presented.

The earth's cryosphere, which includes snow, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, ice shelves, sea ice, river and lake ice, and permafrost, contains about 75% of the earth's fresh water.