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In this book we suggest a unified method of constructing near-minimizers for certain important functionals arising in approximation, harmonic analysis and ill-posed problems and most widely used in interpolation theory. The constructions are based on far-reaching refinements of the classical Calderon-Zygmund decomposition. These new Calderon-Zygmund decompositions in turn are produced with the help of new covering theorems that combine many remarkable features of classical results established by Besicovitch, Whitney and Wiener. In many cases the minimizers constructed in the book are stable (i.e., remain near-minimizers) under the action of Calderon-Zygmund singular integral operators.The book is divided into two parts. While the new method is presented in great detail in the second part, the first is mainly devoted to the prerequisites needed for a self-contained presentation of the main topic. There we discuss the classical covering results mentioned above, various spectacular applications of the classical Calderon-Zygmund decompositions, and the relationship of all this to real interpolation. It also serves as a quick introduction to such important topics as spaces of smooth functions or singular integrals.

This monograph presents an up-to-date panorama of the different techniques and results in the large field of renorming in Banach spaces and its applications. The reader will find a self-contained exposition of the basics on convexity and differentiability, the classical results in building equivalent norms with useful properties, and the evolution of the subject from its origin to the present days. Emphasis is done on the main ideas and their connections. The book covers several goals. First, a substantial part of it can be used as a text for graduate and other advanced courses in the geometry of Banach spaces, presenting results together with proofs, remarks and developments in a structured form. Second, a large collection of recent contributions shows the actual landscape of the field, helping the reader to access the vast existing literature, with hints of proofs and relationships among the different subtopics. Third, it can be used as a reference thanks to comprehensive lists and detailed indices that may lead to expected or unexpected information. Both specialists and newcomers to the field will find this book appealing, since its content is presented in such a way that ready-to-use results may be accessed without going into the details. This flexible approach, from the in-depth reading of a proof to the search for a useful result, together with the fact that recent results are collected here for the first time in book form, extends throughout the book. Open problems and discussions are included, encouraging the advancement of this active area of research.

The rapid development of set theory in the last fifty years, mainly by obtaining plenty of independence results, strongly influenced an understanding of the structure of the real line. This book is devoted to the study of the real line and its subsets taking into account the recent results of set theory. Whenever possible the presentation is done without the full axiom of choice. Since the book is intended to be self-contained, all necessary results of set theory, topology, measure theory, and descriptive set theory are revisited with the purpose of eliminating superfluous use of an axiom of choice. The duality of measure and category is studied in a detailed manner. Several statements pertaining to properties of the real line are shown to be undecidable in set theory. The metamathematics behind set theory is shortly explained in the appendix. Each section contains a series of exercises with additional results.

This book provides comprehensive coverage on semi-infinite homology and cohomology of associative algebraic structures. It features rich representation-theoretic and algebro-geometric examples and applications.

This volume is a thorough and comprehensive treatise on vector measures, treating the vectorial Radon integration in detail. It explores an interplay between, on the one side, linear operators, transferring real (complex) functions onto elements of locally convex Hausdorff spaces, and vector-valued measures, on the other.

This book deals with the dynamics of general systems such as foliations, groups and pseudogroups, systems which are closely related via the notion of holonomy. It concentrates on notions and results related to different ways of measuring complexity of systems under consideration.

This book provides comprehensive coverage on semi-infinite homology and cohomology of associative algebraic structures. It features rich representation-theoretic and algebro-geometric examples and applications.

In singularity theory and algebraic geometry, the monodromy group is embodied in the Picard-Lefschetz formula and the Picard-Fuchs equations. There is a deep connection of monodromy theory with Galois theory of differential equations and algebraic functions.

This book deals with the dynamics of general systems such as foliations, groups and pseudogroups, systems which are closely related via the notion of holonomy. It concentrates on notions and results related to different ways of measuring complexity of systems under consideration.

This volume is based on the lecture notes of six courses delivered at a Cimpa Summer School in Temuco, Chile, in January 2001. Leading experts contribute with introductory articles covering a broad area in probability and its applications, such as mathematical physics and mathematics of finance.

The aim of this monograph is to introduce the reader to modern methods of projective geometry involving certain techniques of formal geometry.

This book gives a thorough and self contained presentation of H(1), its known isomorphic invariants and a complete classification of H(1) on spaces of homogeneous type. Complete proofs are given for the classical martingale inequalities, and for large deviation inequalities.

This volume is based on the lecture notes of six courses delivered at a Cimpa Summer School in Temuco, Chile, in January 2001. Leading experts contribute with introductory articles covering a broad area in probability and its applications, such as mathematical physics and mathematics of finance.

In this book we suggest a unified method of constructing near-minimizers for certain important functionals arising in approximation, harmonic analysis and ill-posed problems and most widely used in interpolation theory.

The book presents the modern state of the art in the mathematical theory of compressible Navier-Stokes equations, with particular emphasis on the applications to aerodynamics. The topics covered include:modeling of compressible viscous flows; modern mathematical theory of nonhomogeneous boundary value problems for viscous gas dynamics equations;applications to optimal shape design in aerodynamics;kinetic theory for equations with oscillating data;new approach to the boundary value problems for transport equations. The monograph offers a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to recent mathematical tools designed to handle the problems arising in the theory.

This monograph is a presentation of a unified approach to a certain class of semimartingale inequalities, which can be regarded as probabilistic extensions of classical estimates for conjugate harmonic functions on the unit disc. The approach, which has its roots in the seminal works of Burkholder in the 80s, enables to deduce a given inequality for semimartingales from the existence of a certain special function with some convex-type properties. Remarkably, an appropriate application of the method leads to the sharp version of the estimate under investigation, which is particularly important for applications. These include the theory of quasiregular mappings (with deep implications to the geometric function theory); the boundedness of two-dimensional Hilbert transform and a more general class of Fourier multipliers; the theory of rank-one convex and quasiconvex functions; and more. The book is divided into a few separate parts. In the introductory chapter we present motivation for the results and relate them to some classical problems in harmonic analysis. The next part contains a general description of the method, which is applied in subsequent chapters to the study of sharp estimates for discrete-time martingales; discrete-time sub- and supermartingales; continuous time processes; the square and maximal functions. Each chapter contains additional bibliographical notes included for reference.

The aim of this monograph is to introduce the reader to modern methods of projective geometry involving certain techniques of formal geometry.