Bøger i Nato Conference Series serien

This volume contains papers selected from among those submitted to the Symposium on "Human Consequences of Crowding", held in Antalya, Turkey, 6-11 November, 1977.

Although the history of photomedicine dates back thousands of years, with even preliterate cultures appreciating the healing properties of sunlight, for many workers in the discipline photomedicine is associated with the observation about 100 years ago of Niels Finsen, a Danish physician. Finsen recognized that people with tuberculosis who lived in Norway and who had very little exposure to sunlight often developed facial lesions (lupus vulgaris) which would decrease and sometimes disappear during the summer months. This very observant physician reasoned that artificial light ought to produce the same effect as sunlight and began utilizing the radiation from the newly available carbon arc. At first, he used a glass lens to concentrate the radiation, but since this produced considerable burning, he replaced this with a hollow glass lens filled with water. However, while this reduced the heat burns, it did not actually duplicate the effect of direct sunlight. Finally, using a hollow lens filled with water but equipped with quartz windows, Finsen was able to imitate, even improve upon, the effect of sunlight. As a result, lupus vulgaris was practically eliminated from the Scandinavian countries.

All the papers in this volume were presented at a conference on Transportation and Urban Life, held in Munich during the third week of September, 1975.

The organization of the page as a technological device and our acquisition of information from it were subjects of keen interest to psychologists and designers a century ago.

The planning for the conference held at Erice, Sicily, in November 1977, began with discussions among oceanographers from several countries on the need to consider the special problems and the recent results in the study of plankton "patchiness.

During the past ten years, evidence has developed to indicate that seawater convects through oceanic crust driven by heat derived from creation of lithosphere at the Earth-encircling oceanic ridge-rift system of seafloor spreading centers.

The complementary session on the nontextual media opened with a discussion of general principles of pictorial communication and included papers on communicating instructions, general information, or religious belief through designs and other pictorial forms, as well as a discussion.

This book includes all of the papers presented at the NATO Symposium on Human Detection and Diagnosis of System Failures held at Roskilde, Denmark on August 4-8, 1980. The goal of the Symposium was to continue the tradition initiated by the NATO Symposium on Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control held in Berchtesgaden, F .R.

The Conference Directors were further assisted by "national points of contact" appointed from each of the member countries of NATO. Although full details of the national points of contact are included in the Appendices, special tribute must be paid to the UK point of contact, Brian Smith of the Civil Service Department.

Likewise, why are some solid metals embrit tled catastrophically by same liquid metals (liquid metal embrit tlement) - copper and aluminum, for example, are embrittled by liquid mercury.

Such transitions often produce strain and hence a variety of problems for the transiting individual, occu pants of complementary social positions, and other members of one's social group and community.

The chapters and reports in this publication have been selected from presentations at a Symposium on "Aging and Technological Advances" held in August, 1983 at the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center of the University of Southern California.

Language Interpretation and Communication: a NATO Symposium, was a multi-disciplinary meeting held from September 26 to October 1st 1977 at the Giorgio Cini Foundation on the Isle of San Giorgio Maggiore in Venice.

This volume contains the papers presented at a conference on "The rehabilitation of severely damaged land and freshwater eco systems in temperate zones", held at Reykjavik, Iceland, from 4th to 11th July, 1976.

Further increases may be expected as we gradually change from the present politically based situation of a non-realized excess crude oil production capacity into a real shortage of oil fuels.

The Advanced Research Institute on "Health Services Systems" was held under the auspices of the NATO Special Programme Panel on Systems Science as a part of the NATO Science Committee's continuous effort to promote the advancement of science through international cooperation.

Ecology is still considered as a creditable (though rather "soft") scientific discipline by the former, whereas it is perceived as a new, non-conformist political philosophy by the latter.

In approving the ARI, the senior NATO Science Committee identified the subject as one of universal impor tance, requiring a broad perspective on the development of opera tional systems based on successful experimental systems.

Ten years ago there was open conflict between those who con fronted exotic peoples with traditional tests and applied tradi tional interpretations to the responses, and the relativists who insisted that tasks, test taking, and interpretation cannot be "standardized" in the ways that matter.

This volume contains fifteen papers by invited participants delivered at the NATO International Workshop on Coping and Health held March 26 through March 30, 1979, at the Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio study and Conference Center, Bellagio, Italy.

The purpose of the institute was to bring together people working in search theory and applications with potential users of search techniques to stimulate the increased application of recent ly developed search technology to civilian problems such as search and rescue, mineral exploration, surveillance, and fishing.

Nonetheless, this distinction helps us to understand some common acquisition difficulties, such as that experienced in mathematics, where mental manipulation of symbols can go awry if a child assumes too close a correspondence between mathematical symbols and the world they represent.

This volume contains the proceedings of a conference held in Freiburg, West Germany, September 22-25, 1980, entitled "Manned Systems Design, New Methods and Equipment".