Bøger i Solar Energy R&d in the EC Ser serien

W. PALZ, Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development, Brussels STRATEGY PAPER EC SOLAR ENERGY R&D PROGRAMME Project F, Solar Radiation Data - OUTLINE (Status as of April 1981) 5 ACTION 1 -Calibration and characteristics of radiometers J. -L. PLAZY, Commissariat a l'Energie Solaire, Sophia Anti­ polis, Val bonne , France 11 ACTION 2 -Short reference years H. LUND, Thermal Insulation Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark 19 ACTION 3 -ATLAS AND DATA BOOKS (from existing data) ACTION 3. 1 - Global irradiance on horizontal plane - Definition of radiation climate zones in the EC F. KASTEN, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Obser- torium Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany 28 ACTION 3. 2 - Global irradiance on tilted planes - Direct radiation R. DOGNIAUX, Institut Royal Meteorologique de Belgique 37 ACTION 3. 3 -Statistical analysis of meteorological data J. A. BEDEL, Direction de la Meteorologie, Service Meteoro- gique metropolitain, Paris, France 53 ACTION 3. 4 -Sensitivity analysis of the useful energy output for solar converters with respect to quality and completeness of meteorological data sets H. R. KOCH, KFA Julieh, Institut fUr Kernphysik 74 ACTION 4 -NEW MEASUREMENTS AND TECHNOLOGIES ACTION 4. 1 -Improvement of measurements in national network- global, direct, diffuse irradiance and irradiance on inclined surfaces J. W. GRUETER, Kernforschungsanlage Julich, Federal Republic of Germany 92 ACTION 4. 2 - Special measurements J. -L.

The objectives of the Modelling Sub-Group are to unify European research in the field of computer models, to provide the best simplified models in the Passive Solar Working Group's extensive European Passive Solar Handbook and to ensure that these simple models are easy to use for design purposes. It has defined the needs of the research program for a large model and has chosen the Scottish program ESP as a large simulation model to be used as a reference for the analysis of the simplified ones. Each participant has commissioned the chosen model on his own computer and run a very simple exercise, just to verify that the program works similarily on the different machines. The analysis of the large model is being brought on its different sections, such as : input, output, heat transfer, passive solar systems, etc. The group will run ESP using the same passive solar bulding data as inputted to simplified models to assess the sensitivity of the latter ones. It will report on the work needed for the next 4 year CEC research program.

The EC programme on Photovoltaic Power Generation has two distinct parts pilot Projects and R&D contracts on cells, processes, materials, IOOdules and systems. The pilot projects are managed in a totally different w~ fran the R&D contracts. Enphasis ,is put on all aspects of the system such as pcwer conditioning, environmental factors, structures, etc. The aim is to examine all different system aspects, to inprove the performance and the reliability of the overall photovoltaic system and to reduce its cost. A canprehensive overview of the PV pilot programme of the European Gammunities was given in volume 1 of this Series C. R&D contracts, on the other hand, are intended to advance our kn0w­ The ledge on all canponents in order to reduce the cost, mainly of the photovoltaic IOOdules. This book reports on the results presented at the sixth contractors' meeting, held about six IlDnths before the end of the current R&D programme.

Since 1977 the U.S. National Photovoltaic Program has actively supported the design, construction and operation of a variety of photovoltaic power system applications classed as Intermediate size systems and ranging in size from 15 kW to 1000 kW. To date fourteen systems have been built and generally are operating as planned. One lOOkW application project was terminated before the completion of the project due to exhaustion of funds and too ambitious of a project. The fourteen operating systems represented a total installed peak generating capacity of 1,164 kW and have delivered nearly 2,000 MWH of energy. Under the U.S. National Program two additional intermediate size photovoltaic power plants are under construction and are expected to become operational during 1984. These two plants represent a total of 1,300 kW of peak generating capacity and should deliver over 1800 MWH of energy per year. In addition the U.S. Photovoltaic Program has committed most of the funding to support the design, procurement and construction of a 1000 kW photovoltaic plant. This .plant will be constructed and installed during the 1984-1985 period. Current U. S. Program Plans do not anticipate funding any further Intermediate size photovoltaic power plants. In parallel with the government program, the private sector has begun building and installing Intermediate (and larger) size photovoltaic power systems. Over the past 21 months, the private sector has installed four Intermediate size PV systems in the U.S.