Bøger om 18. århundrede år 1700 til 1799

They handed him a title, but she was the offer he couldn't refuse.Boston businessman, Nathaniel Lawrence doesn't have a dime he didn't earn himself. So when he finds out that he's the long-lost heir to a penniless dukedom in England, it's easy for him to dismiss the undeserving fortune. Why pour money into a crumbling castle and meaningless title when his eye is set on the future in America? But when the current duke throws his lovely daughter's hand in to sweeten the offer, Nathaniel rethinks his rash decision. He knows a good business deal when he sees one, and marriage to Lady Charlotte, the jewel of the ton, is the very best.With a squandered dowry, Lady Charlotte only has one option that will keep her-and her father-living in the custom befitting their station. Marrying her father's heir would make her a future duchess and allow her to retain control of her family's ancestral home. A bargain is set. Nathaniel will accept the title and all the connections that come along with it, living the majority (or all) of his time in America, while Charlotte gets to raise their future son on their estate where he can learn to be a true English duke, cementing the family line for another generation. On paper, the agreement is brilliant and convenient, but in person, it's something that neither of them expected.Because the more Charlotte spends time with her new, brash husband, the more his enterprising and entrepreneurial American spirit rubs off on her. Soon, she begins to realize that maybe she didn't need a knight in shining armor to come and rescue her family from bloodthirsty creditors and a title in abeyance.Maybe she only needed a good idea, some alpacas, and a belief that she is more than just another passive branch on her ancient illustrious tree for a male heir to use to climb to the top.The Eglinton Knight SeriesBook 1 - Knight of the Jaded HeartBook 2 - Knight of the Broken HeartBook 3 - Knight of the Wicked HeartBook 4 - Knight of the Bleeding Heart

This book reinterprets British dramas of the early-nineteenth century through the lens of the star actors for whom they were written. Unlike most playwrights of previous generations, the writers of British Romantic dramas generally did not work in the theatre themselves. However, they closely followed the careers of star performers. Even when they did not directly know actors, they had what media theorists have dubbed "e;para-social interactions"e; with those stars, interacting with them through the mediation of mass communication, whether as audience members, newspaper and memoir readers, or consumers of prints, porcelain miniatures, and other manifestations of "e;fan"e; culture. This study takes an in-depth look at four pairs of performers and playwrights: Sarah Siddons and Joanna Baillie, Julia Glover and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Edmund Kean and Lord Byron, and Eliza O'Neill and Percy Bysshe Shelley. These charismatic performers, knowingly or not, helped to guide the development of a character-based theatre-from the emotion-dominated plays made popular by Baillie to the pinnacle of Romantic drama under Shelley. They shepherded in a new style of writing that had verbal sophistication and engaged meaningfully with the moral issues of the day. They helped to create not just new modes of acting, but new ways of writing that could make use of their extraordinary talents.

Tea Leaves, a classical and rare book that has been considered essential throughout human history, so that this work is never forgotten, we at Alpha Editions have made efforts in its preservation by republishing this book in a modern format for present and future generations. This whole book has been reformatted, retyped and designed. These books are not made of scanned copies of their original work and hence the text is clear and readable.

The remarkable story of John Marshall who, as chief justice, statesman, and diplomat, played a pivotal role in the founding of the United States.No member of America's Founding Generation had a greater impact on the Constitution and the Supreme Court than John Marshall, and no one did more to preserve the delicate unity of the fledgling United States. From the nation's founding in 1776 and for the next forty years, Marshall was at the center of every political battle. As Chief Justice of the United States - the longest-serving in history - he established the independence of the judiciary and the supremacy of the federal Constitution and courts. As the leading Federalist in Virginia, he rivaled his cousin Thomas Jefferson in influence. As a diplomat and secretary of state, he defended American sovereignty against France and Britain, counseled President John Adams, and supervised the construction of the city of Washington. D.C.This is the astonishing true story of how a rough-cut frontiersman - born in Virginia in 1755 and with little formal education - invented himself as one of the nation's preeminent lawyers and politicians who then reinvented the Constitution to forge a stronger nation. Without Precedent is the engrossing account of the life and times of this exceptional man, who with cunning, imagination, and grace shaped America's future as he held together the Supreme Court, the Constitution, and the country itself.

Once America was free from Great Britain, it needed to decide how to run the new country. The nation's founders split the government into three branches. This ensured that no one person would have too much power. This system keeps us free!

She's betting it all on the future...Celia Calthorp, Duchess of Acaster, is sick of always being on the edge of disaster. Now that widowhood has finally given her the freedom to make her own choices, she knows exactly what she needs to do-marry a rich man to secure her future and that of her beloved stables. And it's all going to plan...until it isn't.He never takes a risk he can't win...Gabriel Siren, proprietor of London's most exclusive gaming hell, knows exactly where he stands-always on the fringes of the aristocracy. That changes when he becomes the Seventh Duke of Acaster and inherits a beautiful dowager duchess, too. But Celia might be exactly what he needs...All bets are off when the gamble is love...Working together to secure his sisters' place in society, neither is prepared for the pull of attraction they feel-or being swept away when passion flares. As sweet as falling in love for the first time is, Celia knows that it can't last. But Gabriel isn't ready to let her go. Can he convince Celia to risk it all...for him?

"Dear Emily, Remember how I used to say that when I died, I wanted to be remembered as a godly woman? I almost gave that up this winter . . ." Writing letters home to her sister Emily is Hannah Zartman's lifeline. It's 1798, and Hannah's life no longer bears a speck of resemblance to the affluent city life she left behind to marry Georg, a Hessian mercenary turned colonist. Hannah can milk a cow, deliver piglets, churn butter, quilt and spin, and even shoot a bear should the need arise, as she tends the land and the daily needs of nine rambunctious children in a rustic Pennsylvania log cabin. But this year, harder things are pressing from every side, shaking Hannah's commitment to the harsh frontier life she has chosen and to the man she loves. As the Zartmans grieve an agonizing loss and await the birth of another mouth to feed, their farm is on the brink of financial disaster. And tough times have a way of exposing Hannah and Georg's shortcomings as marriage partners. When put to the test and tempted to run, can Hannah hold fast to her family and her faith? Pouring out her everyday cares through her pen, will she find the strength, not only to plow through the demands of life in early America, but to plant a family legacy that will forever testify to God's providence in the worst of times? In her award-winning debut novel, Letters to Emily, Miriam Ilgenfritz stitches a heartwarming tapestry of early-American countryfolk and the faith traditions that shaped and sustained them.

A collection of Regency set romance tales, featuring the novella, A Search for Refuge. Margaretta Fortescue desperately needs to disappear from London society, and her only hope is to follow the rumors of another young woman who recently made a life for herself away from the glare of society. Her search leads her to the market town of Marlborough where, in spite of her efforts to avoid attention, she can't seem to elude local solicitor Nash Banfield.All Nash wants is a quiet, sedate life--no risks or surprises. When Margaretta, clearly on the run and unwilling to answer questions, interrupts his solitude, his curiosity and his principles won't let him leave this determined woman without assistance.But will discovering the truth about Margaretta make him think twice about finally taking a risk on love?A Search for Refuge is an e-only novella that gives an exciting introduction to Kristi Ann Hunter's new Regency historical romance series, Haven Manor! Includes an extended excerpt of the first full-length novel in the series, A Defense of Honor.Also includes the short stories Three O'clock in Portman Square, Saving Miss Caulfield, and The Heir Next Door.

"Sharp and exquisite."-Julia Quinn, author of the Bridgertons seriesA rake falls for a beautiful recluse, but being bad is all he's good for.A tall maiden with nothing to lose. Caro knows she will never marry, never bear children. But she will seduce the first man who asked her to dance a dozen years ago. She will be bedded by the Earl of Bur­ches­ter once in her lifetime. And as fate would have it, the gorgeous man is just down the hallway. Alone. Naked in a bed. He wouldn't refuse her request, would he? Surely, his reputation means he takes all-comers. A shorter-than-average rogue who is about to lose his mind. And his heart. Phin­e­as Edge knows what he likes. And right now, he very much likes the darling girl who just showed up in his bed at his friend's country house. True, she doesn't say much, but what happens between the two of them has a magic that he would do anything to experience again. Even if it involves a ring and a church.And falling in love.Bed Me, Earl is the third book in the steamy Regency romance series The Bed Me Books from author Felicity Niven.

Tales of Young Patriots is a collection of twelve exciting short stories for middle or high school social studies students. Whether in a classroom or just casual reading at home, these snapshots of American history help explain how our country was created with the help of young adults. From the ocean passages of the 1600s to our modern desert wars, Young Patriots contains lessons of virtue driven by action. Part I includes another view of the Salem witch trials explaining a mysterious phenomenon. During the War of 1812, a young man dodges the British warships while the Star Spangled Banner is being written, and two boys of different races team up to survive a Civil War battle. Part II illustrates how a U.S. II History class can come alive. Issues arise, and discussions form. From the street urchins of New York at the turn of the century to the homeless hoboes roaming the country during the Depression, we get a close-up of young people from long ago. A long-distance romance during World War II, the protesters of the Vietnam era, and the return of a young warrior from Desert Storm serve to give life to our more recent past. Great for additions to an academic setting, vacation reading, or actual test material with questions and answers included, Tales of Young Patriots will stir the imagination of young adults.

Examining the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in the Indian Capital MarketSome authors argue that not only the most discerning investor cannot establish the composition of the true market portfolio, but there is also no reason to assume that systematic risk is the sole factor affecting a security's expected return.This study aims to examine whether the standard Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) by Sharpe (1964) and Lintner (1965) holds in the Indian capital market.Introducing the Topic and Key AssumptionsChapter 1 introduces the topic, emphasizing the concept and importance of CAPM in the Indian context. The basic tenet of the CAPM model summarizes the following assumptions:Investors are risk-averse and prefer expected returns while avoiding risk.Investors base investment decisions on expected returns and the variances of security returns.Investors behave normatively and aim to hold a portfolio along the efficient frontier.A riskless asset exists, allowing investors to lend or invest at the riskless rate and borrow at this rate at any moment.All investments are perfectly divisible, meaning that every security and portfolio is equivalent to a mutual fund, and fractional shares can be purchased in any amount.All investors have homogeneous expectations regarding investment horizons, holding periods, forecasted expected returns, and risk levels on securities.Reviewing the Literature and Methodological IssuesChapter Two of this study reviews the literature on the CAPM model, dividing it into three broad headings:A. Methodological issues influencing empirical methods.Exploring the Theory of CAPMChapter three of the study explores the Theory of CAPM. In finance, the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) determines a theoretically appropriate required rate of return for an asset, assuming it is added to a well-diversified portfolio. The model considers the asset's sensitivity to non-diversifiable risk, often represented by the quantity beta (¿), the expected return of the market, and the expected return of a theoretical risk-free asset. CAPM suggests that an investor's cost of equity capital is determined by beta.Despite its empirical shortcomings and the presence of more modern approaches to asset pricing and portfolio selection, such as arbitrage pricing theory and Merton's portfolio problem, the CAPM remains popular due to its simplicity and utility in various situations.

"A jilted beauty and a regretful duke discover that second chances can be divine in this diverse Regency romance for fans of Bridgerton. Aphrodite Du Bell has always resented her name. While the members of the ton, and even the queen herself, praise her warm brown skin, perfect curls, and exquisite features, Aphrodite can't help but think that living up to the literal goddess of beauty is asking a bit much. Her renowned loveliness certainly didn't stop the love of her life from jilting her and marrying another woman four years ago. When Aphrodite's formidable mother summons her back to London to aid in her sister's debut, she has no choice but to acquiesce. But Aphrodite is determined to ignore one man in particular: Evander Eagleman, the Duke of Everely, the man who devastated her all those years ago. Yet why does her guileless heart still flutter at the sight of him? Evander Eagleman lost his chance for true love, but now that he is a widower and no longer attached, he is determined to win back Aphrodite's trust-and her hand in marriage. But just as the couple make strides to mend old wounds, Evander's true reason for rejecting Aphrodite threatens their coveted future...and even their lives"--

Can a lady wager on love?The Diamond of Bristol by Arlem HawksLieutenant Derrick Owens has always been on his own and wants to keep it that way, but when he saves a shipmate's sister from a horrible dance partner, Corah Bradford's sweet temperament and friendly nature make her hard to resist. Unable to find a suitable husband in Bristol who she can also love, Corah is entangled in a wager to secure Derrick's company for an evening. Despite their reluctance to let go of their convictions, their easy friendship turns to something more. But with war on the horizon and Corah bound for the marriage mart in London, they both must discover what's truly important-love or their previous expectations.Women of a Certain Age by Josi S. KilpackOver the years, Colletta Markshire has been the driving force in helping young women make their match during the Season in London. Rachel is her lucky thirteen and Etta has every expectation that she will be a triumph ... except that things are not going to plan. Rachel has not taken to London and is determined to grow an acquaintance with a young man not at all the thing. The young man's father, Wynn Firth, is nearly as distracting as Etta's worries, and in every way she felt sure she would never feel distracted again. When Rachel disappears, Etta has little doubt what's happened and she and Wynn set out together to find the young couple before word gets out. Hours in a carriage with a handsome man can be even more distracting, however, and Etta finds herself entertaining ideas she never thought to have. Etta gave up on love years ago ... and yet, as Women of a Certain age can attest, it is never too late to change one's mind and change one's future.A Most Unsuitable Suitor by Sarah M. EdenDrowning in debt, Julian, Lord Wesley spends an evening of shared misery with his closest friend at their club and makes a startling discovery: someone has placed a wager that Lady Charlotte Duchamps will not marry before her 21st birthday, with Julian himself receiving £1000 if she does not. Lady Charlotte suddenly finds herself the subject of a great deal of attention from Lord Wesley, a vague acquaintance with a questionable reputation. With Julian and Charlotte both attempting to solve mysteries and wreak chaos, betting on the possibility of love might just prove the most risky wager of all.Timeless Georgian Collections:Her Country GentlemanA Lady's WagerA Midnight Masquerade

Three Regency Romance novellas by Josi S. Kilpack, Carla Kelly, and Jennifer Moore.SAINTS AND SINNERS by Josi S. Kilpack. When Neville Franklin's best friend Burke wants to wager who can kiss Eloise first, Neville puts a stop to it. Eloise has been his friend since childhood, and, well, she's off-limits. Especially to Burke. As Burke pursues Eloise and claims that she has a tendre for him, Neville becomes more and more protective of the girl he grew up with. On the night of the Christmas ball when Eloise appears in a dress that clearly shows that she is no longer a girl, but a beautiful woman, Neville realizes that his protective feelings toward Eloise have turned into something greater. But now, Neville's best friend stands in his way.THE CHRISTMAS ANGLE by Carla Kelly. Sailing Master Able Six is on half-pay with the British navy, biding his time during the uneasy Peace of Amiens and the resumption of war. Meanwhile, he's invited to teach young pupils at the home of a vicar outside of Plymouth. There, he unexpectedly meets Meridee, the spinster sister-in-law of the vicar. From the moment Able sees Meridee, he's entranced. When she asks him about his past and discovers his remarkable yet troublesome gift, he realizes he's finally found someone who can care for all of him. Sadly, Able's low station and half-pay gives him no way to provide for a wife. Meridee's lack of dowry and dependence on relatives makes their union impossible at best. But isn't Christmas a season of hope?THE PERFECT CHRISTMAS by Jennifer Moore. Archie Clawson wants nothing more than to give Jane the perfect Christmas. Since her troubled childhood, she's not experienced a Christmas with all the trimmings. To top off the perfection, he also plans to ask her to marry him on Christmas Eve. But as he and his friends, including Jane, travel to his country home, they are caught in a snowstorm and discover that notice of their arrival did not get through to the house staff. Worried over the disappointment he must be causing Jane and the complete shift in their planned Christmas, Archie fears that he's misinterpreted her kindness towards him and lost her favor forever.A Country Christmas is a Timeless Romance Anthology® bookOther books in the Timeless Regency Collections:AUTUMN MASQUERADEA MIDWINTER BALLSPRING IN HYDE PARKSUMMER HOUSE PARTYA SEASON IN LONDONA HOLIDAY IN BATHFALLING FOR A DUKEA NIGHT IN GROSVENOR SQUARE

THE TWO BELLS OF CHRISTMAS by Joanna BarkerRoland Hastings made a promise to his father: to marry and carry on the family line. But after a year of searching, he has given up hope of finding the right woman. Anticipating a quiet Christmas with his mother, Roland is frustrated to learn she has organized an entire house party to help him find a bride. Cassandra Bell arrives for the house party with her twin sister Vivian, who has set her heart on winning a proposal from the eligible Mr. Hastings. But when Vivian grows ill, she begs Cassie to switch places with her and keep the other conniving ladies away from Mr. Hastings. Cassie reluctantly takes on the role of her poised and proper twin, but things become much more complicated when Roland begins to take an interest in the spunky and unconventional Cassie...PROMISE ME AGAIN by Annette LyonSecret wedding plans. A powerful brother who will go to any lengths to stop them. Can love truly conquer all? Miriam and Jacob have loved each other for as long as they can remember. They want to wed, but Jacob's older brother Norman forbids it. Deciding to do so secretly without his blessing, Miriam and Jacob make plans to marry on Christmas Eve at a church several hours' journey away. Despite their efforts, Norman's long reach finds them. Miriam's love is tested to the very limit when she is forced into a devil's bargain with him. She agrees only to spare Jacob pain, but can their hearts find their way back to each other no matter what-or who-stands in their way?A CHRISTMAS JOURNEY by Jennifer MooreThe war is over, but Lucy Breckenridge's plans for a perfect Christmas are ruined when Captain James Stewart brings news that her father will not return in time for the holiday. Determined to not miss yet another Christmas with her father, Lucy starts on a journey for London with her trusty maid and manservant. Learning they have gone, James follows, hoping to stop her before she discovers the true reason for Colonel Breckenridge's absence. Along the way, the two join in local holiday celebrations and learn that families have flaws, friendship requires trust, and Christmas traditions can be created in the most unexpected places.Timeless Regency Collections:AUTUMN MASQUERADEA MIDWINTER BALLSPRING IN HYDE PARKSUMMER HOUSE PARTYA COUNTRY CHRISTMASA HOLIDAY IN BATHFALLING FOR A DUKEA NIGHT IN GROSVENOR SQUAREROAD TO GRETNA GREENWEDDING WAGERSAN EVENING AT ALMACK'SA WEEK IN BRIGHTONTO LOVE A GOVERNESSWIDOWS OF SOMERSETA CHRISTMAS PROMISE

This history of the 1787 Constitutional Convention uses a chronological narrative format to capture the complexity, messiness, and unfolding daily drama behind the writing of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the role of contingency in that process.The Framers of the U.S. Constitution designed a novel republican form of government to replace the failing Confederation, one that would divide power between the federal government and the states, launching a new phase of the American "experiment" in representative democracy. Not until the end of the American Civil War, nearly a century later, would it become clear, as Abraham Lincoln put it in his Gettysburg Address, "that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth."The Constitutional Convention of 1787: A Reference Guide provides an invaluable guide covering the background to the convention, the convention itself, the ratification of the Constitution, and the adoption of the Bill of Rights. In addition to the narrative itself, the story of the convention is supplemented with a detailed chronology, a rich selection of primary source documents, 15 biographical sketches of convention delegates, and a comprehensive bibliographical essay. Based largely on primary sources, the book also weighs in on some of the historiographical debates that have taken place among scholars about the convention.

The Wayward Dukes' Alliance.A wayward duke is "difficult to control or predict". The "hero" is either be a duke or expected to inherit a dukedom. None of these dukes want to be trapped by marriage and form a pact to help each avoid matrimony by any means necessary. This Christmas the Wayward Dukes' resolve is tested. Can their alliance hold true, or will the magic of the holiday be too much for even them to resist. One by one they will fall. It's only a matter of how hard and fast they will succumb to the one woman they're destined to love. All their ladies want for Christmas is their own wayward duke, and they are each determined to have their wish fulfilled. Seven Christmas stories in the Wayward Dukes' Alliance in one book. Her Duke to Savor by Dawn BrowerUnwrapping the Duke by Jane CharlesNever Beg a Duke by Alyssa DrakeWish Upon a Christmas Duke by Amanda MarielA Duke for December by Nadine MillardWhat the Duke Desires by Ari ThatcherBoxing with My Duke by Anna St. Claire

The Expedition of Humphry Clinker was the last of the picaresque novels of Tobias Smollett, published in London on 17 June 1771 (three months before Smollett's death), and is considered by many to be his best and funniest workIt was printed in 1771 as an epistolary novel and includes a number of letters written between various characters to one another. The novel is both amusing and sarcastic and provides a glimpse of 18th century British society.

The brave French Catholics of the Vendée and neighboring provinces rose up in arms when the revolutionary government replaced their priests with clergy who had renounced the Pope. Though they lacked money and allies, and were divided by disputes, they did not cease to fight until they had secured the open practice of their Faith. Here is the story of their devotion and courage against the advocates of liberty, equality, fraternity, and death.

"This woman was one of the most impudent, scurrilous, wicked creatures of this world; and she did now throughout her whole trial discover herself to be such a one. Yet when she was asked what she had to say for herself, her chief plea was that she had led a most virtuous and holy life." -Reverend Cotton Mather, 1692USA Today Bestselling author Heather B. Moore brings the life of her 10th great-grandmother to center stage. Susannah North Martin, accused of witchcraft in 1692, joins five women in the Salem Jail, all sentenced to death for their crimes. Amidst tragedy, Susannah finds hope and compassion as she remembers a well-loved life, and readers discover that love reaches far beyond the grave as Susannah faces the magistrates in Salem.

Miss Michelle Ellington despises the founder of a competing school for young ladies. Already, he has lured away two teachers and seems intent on wreaking havoc upon her school, all while the headmistress is away. She's never met the man, but the few missives they've exchanged have told her exactly the sort of person he is-an underhanded cad. Sir Miles Wentworth made a promise to his dying father and is driven to succeed. He'd be well on his way if he could just entice the reputable Miss Ellington to leave her current position and work for him. Unfortunately, her frigid reply makes it clear that his school would be the last place she'd ever seek employment. When the pair encounter each other as strangers one evening, they form an instant connection. Smitten by the mysterious woman, Sir Miles sets out to romance her. What he soon discovers, however, is that the woman he is falling more in love with every day is the same woman who would like to make mincemeat of him.

"Benedick Kimbrell attempted to steal his first kiss from Miss Catherine Parker in the perfectly imperfect spring of 1808. But his hopes, then and since, were larger than fact."A LADY'S UNSPOKEN LONGINGKate Parker is resolute in her quest for marriage, seeking a dependable match among Newford's eligible bachelors. But behind her composed demeanor, Kate's heart holds a stubborn affection for her less-than-dependable friend and an unspoken longing for a kiss that was never claimed.A ROGUE'S LOST AMBITIONYears ago, Ben Kimbrell harbored ambitions, chief among them a kiss from Miss Kate Parker. Fate, though, had other plans. Now, his heart is weighted by family tragedy, his pain concealed behind a carefree charm. His reputation as an aimless rogue is well-earned, but beneath the façade lies a man who yearns for more.AND A HEART WELL-GUARDEDWhen Kate sets her sights on Ben's dependable cousin, a man who fits her expectations if not her heart, Ben can no longer stand idly by. His efforts to save her from a loveless match find the two of them paired together in a village production of Much Ado About Nothing. Tasked with crafting the enchanting sets for their town's inaugural performance, their undeniable affection finds the perfect stage to blossom.But for their love to flourish, Ben must reveal his true self and confront the shadows of his past. Can he find the courage to unlock his heart before it's too late?Kissing Kate is a heartwarming best-friends romance about finding the courage to choose happiness and the healing power of love. Set in the charming seaside village of Newford, each book in the Hearts of Cornwall series stands alone.

Britain's War for the Mediterranean provides a definitive study on British warmaking in the Mediterranean during the War of the First Coalition. It traces the origins of foreign and naval policies from the early eighteenth century to describe the duality of British affairs. These contradictions manifested themselves in the War of the First Coalition as Great Britain attempted to build consensus in the Mediterranean World while clinging to its power base of naval power and commerce. The book explores the decisions of individuals and the wider trends of the British political and naval system, honed over the course of the eighteenth century. In explaining war against Revolutionary France, the book follows the decisions of admirals, diplomats, and politicians in attempting to cobble together a coalition of Spanish, Austrian, Sardinian, and Neapolitan forces. This book also makes connections with the other theaters of war: The Austrian Netherlands and the Caribbean. Britain's War for the Mediterranean examines the internal working of the British government during the crisis of the French Revolution. It focuses on how politicians, diplomats, and military commanders formulated strategy for the Mediterranean theater. One of the major conclusions of this book is that the British government never spoke with one voice. Lacking synchronization in a changing conflict, the structure and conflicting objectives of each branch of the government failed to create a coherent plan to resist Republican expansion in the region. The book complicates the simplistic view of previous works on the weakness of allies and the naivete of the Pitt ministry, providing agency to diplomats and commanders across the region. The second major conclusion is that these conflicting objectives were firmly rooted in the experiences of the eighteenth century. British diplomacy, crippled in the aftermath of the American Revolution, saw the French Revolution as an opportunity to build consensus and a shared view of a British world. French aggression offered an opportunity to reclaim a position of influence lost over the course of the 1700s. In contrast, the trajectory of British foreign policy shaped the use of the Royal Navy in the eighteenth century. A trans-Atlantic force, a war in the Mediterranean forced British admirals to relearn the complicated nature of regional foreign policy. Diplomacy and naval power clashed over the conduct of the war - one rooted in foreign courts, the other in maritime coercion.

250 years after the painter's birth, this luxurious exhibition catalog offers glimpses into the mystery of Friedrich's largely posthumous popularity as well as the latest research into his training and techniques. Largely ignored during his lifetime, Caspar David Friedrich was a meticulous painter of emotionally evocative landscapes, often featuring solitary figures or groups of people against dramatic scenery. His work has inspired many artists to the present day, and this volume explores the role that Berlin's Nationalgalerie played in bringing Friedrich into the forefront of modern art history. It also shines a light on Friedrich's remarkable use of pairs in paintings-including his most famous pairing, Monk by the Sea and Abbey in the Oakwood-which he employed to express a range of different perspectives and the concept of change. Finally it examines the latest research into Friedrich's technique: his early training in Copenhagen; his sketches, preparatory drawings and underdrawings; and his unconventional selection and use of pigments. Throughout this monograph readers will find stunning reproductions of sixty paintings, including several iconic works, and fifty drawings-representing collections from around the world. Coupled with the latest research, they combine to offer a completely up-to-date appreciation of Friedrich's extraordinary talent and his unquestionable status as a pioneer of modern art. With contributions by Birgit Verwiebe, Johannes Grave, Hilmar Frank, Werner Busch, Anna Marie Pfäfflin, Gerd-Helge Vogel, Kristina Mösl, Ralph Gleis, Sintje Guericke.