Bøger om Det osmanniske rige

Tyrkiet er et land fuld af kontraster. På kanten mellem Europa og Mellemøsten og mellem sekularisering og islam rummer landet historisk, religiøst og samfundsmæssigt en række spændende temaer, der kan danne grundlag for emnebaseret og tværfagligt arbejde på ungdomsuddannelserne.Tyrkiet 1923-2018 giver en nuanceret analyse af landets historie, politik og samfundsforhold. Bogens forfatter begynder med at beskrive osmannerrigets fald, det armenske folkemord og oprettelsen af republikken i 1923. Herefter gennemgår han statsideologien kemalismen, afskaffelsen af sharia og indførelsen af sekularisme, der stadig i dag kan give spændinger i det tyrkiske samfund, bl.a. mellem land og by.Herudover indeholder bogen en række kapitler om de væsentligste temaer i tyrkisk historie og politik: demokratiets vækst i skyggen af de mange militærkup, forholdet til EU og ønsket om medlemskab, Tyrkiet som regional stormagt i Mellemøsten samt ikke mindst undertrykkelsen af de religiøse og nationale mindretal eksemplificeret ved hhv. alevierne og kurderne. Slutteligt kommer et kapitel om Tyrkiets forhold til Syrien og den syriske borgerkrig.Tyrkiet 1923-2018 er skrevet til undervisningen i historie, men kan lige så vel bruges i fagene religion og samfundsfag samt som baggrundslæsning inden studieture til Tyrkiet.Deniz B. Serinci er BA i historie og Tyrkiet-analytiker for Kristeligt Dagblad.Bogen indgår i serien His2rie, der er et netbaseret undervisningsmateriale specielt tilrettelagt historieundervisningen i gymnasiet, på hf og hhx. Som supplement til bøgerne i serien findes hjemmesiden his2rie.dk, hvor du finder kildetekster m.m. til hver bog i serien.

This book describes and illustrates the armies of the embattled Ottoman Turkish Empire involved in 19th-century wars during the Empire's long spiral of decline.During the so called 'long 19th century', between the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 and the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the difficulties faced by the Ottoman Turkish Empire were a recurrent factor in international geopolitics. Against a background of Russian-Ottoman rivalry, France and Britain supported the Empire during the Crimean War (1854-56), but not in the Russo-Turkish War (1877-78). Portraying the uniforms, arms and appearance of Ottoman troops during this period, this book traces the history of the Ottoman Empire throughout this period, when no fewer than ten wars of regional insurgency and foreign expansion against the Empire were fought in territories in south-eastern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. Using rare photos and illustrations from Turkish, Balkan and other sources, author, Gabriele Esposito details the history of the multi-ethnic Ottoman armies periodic attempts to modernize which enabled them to win some victories at a tactical level. But the Empire - 'the sick man of Europe' - lacked a coherent strategy or sufficient resources, and failed attempts to crush regional uprisings and to defend borders, saw the steady loss of territories. Due to misgovernment and economic failure, unrest finally boiled over in 1908-09, reducing the sultan's court to a largely ceremonial role, and installing a military government by the 'Young Turks' led by the general Enver Pasha. This book is a vivid description of the organization, operations, uniforms and equipment of one of the most active and varied armies of the 'long 19th century' and paints a detailed picture of the Ottoman Empire's struggle to maintain control of its territories.

The book provides a global perspective on the history of Jewish law during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, focusing on the codification works of R. Joseph Karo.

1456, the night of Vlad's coronation: a dastardly plot, a joint venture between the Ottoman Empire and Catholic Hungary to kill the Impaler's beloved, sets off some of the worst atrocities in history, enshrining the name Dracula as a synonym for terror. He drank the blood of his victims, and filled the castles of the land with wretches destined for the stake: Scourge of the Saxons, champion of the peasants, national hero who saved his country from Islamic conquest, Vlad was all of these, and much, much more... His name has become a byword for cruelty, Vlad's draconian policies the horror of Europe. But who was the man behind the legend? Written off by historians, the Dacians were thought to have vanished immediately after the Roman conquest of Dacia, but Vlad, Son of the Devil, would revive the ancient Gaulish pride, bringing hope to the oppressed Wallach remnants of Transylvania through a dastardly series of impalements: he would become known in Romanian as Vlad ¿epe¿, the Impaler! A man more terrifying than any vampire.

Described as the "sick man of Europe" by the Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire in the early twentieth century was in terminal decline. The newly independent Balkan states¿Greece, Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgariäeach had significant ethnic populations who had remained under Ottoman rule. Under the guidance of Russia, which had its own interests in south-east Europe, they joined forces against the Ottomans, under the name of the Balkan League, in 1912.In the first phase of the Balkan Wars, Bulgarian, Greek, Montenegrin and Serbian armies fought together against the Ottoman Empire, dealing the Ottomans a heavy defeat in a result that made headlines around the world. In the second phase, the Balkan states fought each other, and Romania also entered the war. In the conflict¿s aftermath, new borders failed to satisfy any of the belligerent parties. Interventions by the Great Powers further increased tensions in the region. As the ultimate result, the first bullet that triggered the First World War was fired in Sarajevo in June 1914.The causes and effects of the Balkan Wars have remained controversial despite the passage of time. In this volume, writers from various Balkan nations and from across various disciplines have come together under the aegis of the Balkan History Association to address little-known and little-studied aspects of the wars. Collectively they analyze a huge range of political, historical, medical, sociological and religious aspects of the conflict. The book, with its ground-breaking content and unique bibliographies, will be an important guide for undergraduate and graduate students studying the political, military and social history of the Balkan Wars and the Balkan nations."The Balkan Wars of 1912/13 were a disaster for the Ottoman Empire, a triumph for the Balkan governments, and a tragedy for the population of the belligerent states.This well structured collection brings together contributors from various backgrounds. Together they help to understand overarching issues far beyond the military event, and especially the still underresearched Ottoman perspective."¿Katrin Boeckh, LMU Munich/IOS Regensburg

During the formation of the Turkish national movement, while Istanbul was under British, French, and Italian occupation, a distinct factional split emerged. One side supported the Ottoman sultanate's sovereignty, while the other championed a populist, republican path. An Istanbul at the Threshold of Nation State contextualizes this history of coalition, political disintegration, and power struggles in Turkey between 1918 and 1923 to highlight the rise of anti-communist movements and the emergence of national labor and merchant confederations that formed xenophobic, Christian exclusionary policies in the 1920s and 30s.

In the ominous arcades of Constantinople, where the grandeur of the Ottoman Empire concealed both beauty and shadows, Anna's fate was forever altered by the relentless forces of power. "Anna - Three Years as a Caucasian Slave in the Ottoman Empire" reveals the daunting tale of resilience and daring escape in a city of stark contrasts.Constantinople, a nexus of culture and opulence during the Ottoman zenith, boasted breathtaking architecture and cultural richness. Its splendid facade belied the darker underbelly, where the lives of enslaved individuals were marred by unrelenting struggles within the empire's shadowed domains.Beneath the city's beauty lay concealed corners-ominous arcades that echoed with clandestine activities and harbored the unseen struggles of those ensnared by bondage. While not a complete representation of the entirety of Constantinople, these hidden enclaves hinted at the veiled challenges faced by many, offering a nuanced perspective of the city's complex landscape during that era.Amidst this stark dichotomy, Anna's journey epitomized the plight of countless souls ensnared within Constantinople's gilded confines. Bound by chains but fueled by hope, she dared to defy the suffocating grip of enslavement, her tale etching an indelible mark upon the pages of history."Anna - Three Years as a Caucasian Slave in the Ottoman Empire" is a poignant testament to the resilience of the human spirit, navigating the contrasting landscapes of beauty and darkness that defined Constantinople during the height of the Ottoman Empire.This daunting narrative unveils the harrowing chronicle of resilience and daring escape in a world where liberty was a distant dream.From the serene embrace of the Caucasus Mountains to the opulent corridors of Constantinople's elite, Anna's journey epitomizes the struggles of countless souls ensnared by the empire's insatiable thirst for human capital. Bound and taken as a prized possession, Anna navigates the unrelenting cycle of servitude, finding solace in whispered tales of freedom shared among enslaved companions, each harboring dreams beyond captivity.On a moonless night, Anna and her fellow captives dared the unthinkable-an audacious attempt at liberation orchestrated by clandestine allies. Maneuvering through the shadows of the city, they embraced trepidation and hope, venturing towards the elusive promise of emancipation.Their journey traversed concealed passages and convoluted streets, culminating at the towering city gates where the scent of freedom mingled with the acrid tang of fear. Faced with the final obstacle, a patrol obstructed their path, threatening to extinguish the fragile ember of hope.In a pulse-pounding moment, Anna's resolve solidified, igniting a collective surge towards freedom. Their frantic scramble shattered the blockade, their cries for liberty echoing through the night as they vanished into the cloak of darkness, shedding the shackles of enslavement."Anna - Three Years as a Caucasian Slave in the Ottoman Empire" etches the indomitable spirit of Anna and her companions against the backdrop of the Ottoman Empire's dominance. This gripping tale illuminates their relentless pursuit of freedom, a defiance eternally woven into the annals of history.

Embark on a thought-provoking exploration of slavery's persistence and transformation in the Ottoman Empire and the early years of the Turkish Republic during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This book meticulously analyzes the interplay between slavery, the evolving liberal political landscape, and the international anti-slavery movement. At its core, it scrutinizes the legal and social changes surrounding the categorization of certain ethnic groups as "enslavable," with a focus on the impact on citizenship. Discover how slavery played a pivotal role in shaping the concept of citizenship during this critical period.

IV. Murad ¿stanbul'unda geçen ve cinsellik, para, äk ve ¿iddet gibi konular¿ i¿leyen T¿flî hikâyeleri, 19. yüzy¿l Osmanl¿ düzyaz¿ edebiyat¿n¿n önemli bir türünü olu¿turur. Bu edebî türle ilgili ilk ve tek kapsaml¿ çal¿¿ma olan T¿fli Hikâyeleri, 19. yüzy¿l Osmanl¿ kültürünün de çarp¿c¿ bir panoramas¿n¿ sunuyor. Kitap, hikâyelere ili¿kin inceleme d¿¿¿nda eski yaz¿dan çeviri yaz¿s¿ yap¿lan hikâye metinlerini de içeriyor. English: The Tifli Stories are a genre of Ottoman prose literature set in Istanbul during the reign of Murad IV (r. 1623-1640) and revolving around themes such as sex, money, passion, and violence. The first and only comprehensive study of this literary genre, Tifli Hikayeleri (The Tifli Stories) analyzes the stories to offer a vivid panorama of 19th-century Ottoman culture. The book further includes a comprehensive corpus of stories transliterated from Ottoman into modern Turkish.

I combined my books "The Return of Jesus" and "Armies of the Heavens" under the same title. Jesus Christ is going to be among us again, for sure. There are inevitably some signs of this blessed person's coming. So what are these signs? What causes Jesus Christ to be sent again on earth? How do we recognize him? What will change in the world after he arrives? While answering these questions, I have addressed some other individuals related to Jesus Christ, and some signs of doom. Jesus (PBUH) was crucified?Since Muhammad (PBUH) is the last of the prophets, why will Jesus (PBUH) come?What are the signs of his coming?What will he do when he arrives?Who are end-time individuals and how do we know them?What is the role of the Jews in the End Times?Why did God allow the establishment of the state of Israel? When talking about Jesus Christ, the indispensable word is the great antichrist. I specifically discussed the great Antichrist.Who were the antichrists who came in the 20th century?Which states sided with the antichrist and which sided with Jesus Christ in the 20th century?How will the struggle between Prophet Jesus (PBUH) and the Antichrist be in this century?There are various comings of Jesus Christ (PBUH) in the end times. The most important of these is that he comes down from the sky himself. When you read this work, you will understand the truth and secret of the coming of Jesus. A Christian commander asks Fatih Sultan Mehmet Khan:"How do you come out victorious in every battle? Whatever we did, no matter what we tried, we couldn't beat you."Fatih Sultan Mehmet Khan answers: "Why are we not defeated? Because we also have an army in the sky!" Wars that changed the course of history... Scenes of destiny's plan in human history... Nations assigned by destiny for special missions...This work deals with two main issues. Divine help and destiny plan...Besides, I made some explanations about angels that will remove doubts and delusions. The Ottoman navy, comprising 122 galley-style ships, is against the allied forces with 608 galleons and galley-type navies. Which side wins according to the ordinary flow of life, the laws of nature or the laws of physics? Allied navy, of course. However, this legendary battle was won by the Ottoman navy under the command of Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha. The side that the Almighty helps, not the strong side, wins wars and struggles... We cannot grasp these recondite secrets. However, the lived stories I have told can give us a familiarity with the secrets of the universe, like a drop in the ocean.

This collection sheds light on different aspects of the history of the Kurds in Syria during the Ottoman period.

Explores the historic sieges of Rhodes in 1480 and 1522 and encompasses tales of heroism and strategic shifts in military history.The Sieges of Rhodes 1480 and 1522 provides accounts of the two epic sieges when the Knight Hospitallers of the Order of St John faced the might of the Ottoman Empire. Photographs and maps included in the book illustrate what a nearly impossible task the Ottomans faced in both sieges. The two sieges illustrate the changes in warfare in the 40 years between them and the revolution in artillery that was taking place during this period. The Sieges of Rhodes contains grand tales of the greatest heroes and the worst of villains, stories of ingenuity, bravery, cruelty and cowardice, tales which echoed across Christendom.When Grand Master Phillipe Villiers de l`Isle-Adam and the few surviving knights and brothers of the Order of St John departed from the port of Rhodes on 1 January 1523, the long history of the Crusades ended.The Order of St John had protected the Latin States for almost 200 years until forced to leave after the fall of Acre in 1291. Unlike the Templars, they survived the disgrace of defeat and re-established themselves on the island of Rhodes. Here they remained a militant presence, always a challenge to the power of Islam and hopeful of reclaiming the Holy Land. The rise of Ottoman power in the mid-fifteenth century led to two great sieges, the first in 1480 during the reign of the Sultan Mehmed II and the second in 1522 by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.Both sieges were epic in their character and scale and added to the fame and prestige of the Hospitallers, and on both occasions the Grand Masters provided inspiration for the garrisons and for Christendom. The sieges occurred at a critical period in Europe's political, religious and military history. In 1480, Christendom was united, and both the means of attack and the forms of defense were fundamentally late-medieval in nature - both sides even built trebuchets, which had been thought long obsolete. In 1522, Europe was deeply divided, and the weapons and fortifications had dramatically changed. This book considers the medieval fortifications and their transformation in the intervening years, according to the most up-to-date ideas. It also outlines the artillery revolution that occurred over the same period, with the massive, clumsy, but still powerful, stone-throwing bombards giving way to narrow-bore, cast bronze pieces firing iron projectiles at much higher velocities with significantly greater effect.The sieges are also of great technical interest to military historians because of the extensive use of pyrotechnics and mining. Fire was an especially horrible addition to the Hospitallers' arsenal, and the book summarizes the flame weapons that were available and how they were used. The mining and countermining that took place in the second siege was an epic in its own right. Recent groundbreaking research has highlighted why the war underground was so extensive and became the most effective Ottoman strategy.The soldiers that faced each other were utterly unlike one another in arms, armor and tactics, although similar in their disparate religious devotion. What effect did this have on the outcome? The Ottoman army, especially the Janissaries, were the terror of the East and the West, yet they met their match on both occasions. How was it that a vastly numerically inferior force managed to fight their enemy to a standstill? This can only be understood by studying the sieges in detail, which is possible because of the excellent first-hand accounts produced soon after the events themselves. The reader can, therefore, experience the sieges through the words of those who fought in them. The extraordinary survival of Hospitaller armor from Rhodes and the superb collections of Ottoman and Mameluke armor and weapons help illustrate the contrast between these warrior cultures.

A portrait of Enlightenment science, religious identity and empire in the making of the modern Middle Eastern world

This invaluable resource offers a comprehensive overview of the Iraq War, with more than 100 in-depth articles by leading scholars on an array of topics and themes and more than a dozen key primary source documents.This book provides everything the reader needs to know about the Iraq War, from the Bush administration's decision to invade Iraq, through the U.S. troop surge in 2007, to the rise of the Islamic State. It offers insight into the war through the events, organizations, and people who have had a major impact on the conflict. It also explains the inadvertent consequences of the conflict including worsening regional sectarian divisions, the Arab Spring, the increase in Iranian influence in the Middle East, and the expansion of international terrorism.The book begins with a sweeping overview of the Iraq War that provides context for each of the reference entries that follow. The introductory material also includes detailed essays on the causes and consequences of the war. The bulk of the book consists of more than 120 reference entries on such topics as Saddam Hussein, the battles of Fallujah, and private military contractors such as Blackwater and Halliburton. In addition, the book includes more than a dozen curated and contextualized primary source documents along with a comprehensive chronology and extensive bibliography.

A comprehensive overview of the history of Turkey ranging from the earliest Neolithic civilizations, to the establishment of the Republic in 1923, to the present-day tenure of President Erdogan.For travelers or students looking for the story behind the evolution of modern-day Turkey, this informative guide traces this country's history and culture from ancient times through the present day. The first half of this book surveys the centuries up to 1923, with the latter half exploring events since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. By following the timeline of Turkey's development in clear, chronologically ordered chapters, the work lays out the various civilizations whose remains still sit side by side today. This second edition delves into the full scope of Turkey's events since 2001, covering the leadership of the Justice and Development party, the prime ministry and controversial presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and the Gezi Park protests of 2013. The updated content includes a notable figures appendix, glossary, and bibliography that supplies electronic resources for students.

This book examines the period of political violence in Turkey between 12 March 1971 and 12 September 1980. It sets out a close analysis of the tactics used by the various protagonists in the conflict, showing how they took over public institutions, the first of which was the police. This book challenges the myth of a 'strong' Turkish state viewed as authoritative and autonomous from society, instead reflecting a state that was unable to contain the political mobilisation actually taking place. In the book, Benjamin Gourisse analyses the structure, mobilisation, and strategies of antagonistic radical political groups caught up in this dynamic of violence, including the far-left organisations and the Nationalist Movement, comprising the Nationalist Movement Party and its satellite organisations. Gourisse demonstrates that from 1975 to 1980, the state was never "out of play". Quite the contrary, in fact, for its institutions, together with the practices, beliefs, and representations of their members and users, were central to the processes constituting the crisis.

"Verily, you shall conquer Constantinople. What a wonderful leader will her leader be, and a wonderful army will that army be!"For eight centuries, Muslims made countless attempts to fulfill this prophecy made by Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). In 1453, Sultan Mehmed II's conquest of Constantinople is believed to have realised and embodied this prophecy. At the age of twenty-one, Mehmed toppled one of the greatest empires, the Eastern Roman Empire, Byzantine. His military genius and his disciplined army were unmatched. For the next thirty years, he ruled and conquered much of Asia Minor and stretched Ottoman power into Europe reaching the borders of Hungary and Italy. Mehmed was the most admired and feared leader of the 15th century. His people called him Al-Fatih, the Conqueror, but he was also known as the prince of the Renaissance as his rule gave birth to the golden age of the Ottoman Empire. This biography of Sultan Mehmed II will immerse the reader into the legendary life of one of the most influential and brilliant leaders of all time.

This book looks at uniforms, rank-system, and organization for a new type of Turkish Soldier, other than Janissary providing the main Soldier-type during the French Revolution, and Early Napoleonic Wars. Debut of the Levend Chiftlik Regiment in 1799, during the French siege of Acre, and in the British-Turkish campaign in Egypt to expel the French occupation, introduced the Nizam-i Cedid: New Order Army. Having its beginning as part of the reforms of Sultan Selim III (1789 till 1807), several Anatolian Infantry Regiments, a Field Artillery Regiment, and two Galeonjees: New Order Army Marine Regiments came into existence. The book also covers Arnaut: Albanian Infantry; late-18th Century Turkish Generalship and Officers' command; Standing Army's tactics; New Order Army Infantry Soldier's weapons and equipment; and, the 1806 till 1807 events leading to the New Order Army's suppression and demise of Sultan Selim III.

The Ottoman Empire, spanning over six centuries from its inception in the early 14th century to its dissolution in the aftermath of World War I, remains an enduring testament to the might and cultural richness of one of history's most influential empires. This remarkable realm, rooted in Anatolia and expanding to encompass vast swaths of Europe, Asia, and Africa, left an indelible mark on the world, leaving behind a legacy of power and culture that continues to captivate and inspire.At the zenith of its power, the Ottoman Empire was a juggernaut, wielding formidable military might and diplomatic finesse. Its armies conquered iconic cities like Constantinople, now modern-day Istanbul, in 1453, marking a pivotal moment in history. Under the leadership of dynamic sultans such as Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottomans extended their dominion from Vienna in the west to Baghdad in the east, imprinting their rule on diverse peoples and regions. Their military prowess and strategic alliances kept European powers and neighboring empires in awe and fear.Yet, the Ottoman Empire was not just about military conquests. It was a crucible of culture, art, and innovation. It absorbed and synthesized influences from the Byzantine, Persian, Arab, and European worlds, giving birth to a distinctive Ottoman culture. Its architecture, exemplified by the grandeur of the Blue Mosque and Topkapi Palace, showcased intricate tile work and exquisite design. The Ottomans fostered a thriving literary tradition, producing iconic poets like Rumi and Hafez. Their calligraphy and miniature painting flourished, while their cuisine, with dishes like kebabs and baklava, became legendary.Religious tolerance was a hallmark of the Ottoman Empire, where Christians, Jews, and Muslims coexisted, each contributing to the vibrant tapestry of Ottoman society. The devshirme system, which recruited talented individuals from non-Muslim communities into the elite Janissary corps, exemplified this inclusive approach.The Ottoman Empire's legacy is felt in the modern Middle East, Balkans, and Anatolia, where its borders and institutions still shape the political landscape. Its cultural influences have reverberated through time, impacting music, art, and cuisine far beyond its borders.In conclusion, the Ottoman Empire's enduring legacy of power and culture is a testament to its profound impact on the course of history. Its conquests and innovations continue to inspire and educate, reminding us of the remarkable fusion of strength and sophistication that defined this remarkable empire.