Bøger om Historical states

" Les hérétiques suppriment les noces ; les Psychiques les multiplient. Les premiers ne se marient pas même une fois ; les seconds se marient plusieurs fois. Que deviens-tu, ô loi du Créateur ? Entre les eunuques du dehors et tes voluptueux serviteurs, tu gémis autant de la soumission des tiens que du mépris des étrangers ; conséquemment même offense de la part de ceux qui abusent et de ceux qui n'usent pas. Mais la continence de cette nature n'est pas louable, parce qu'elle est hérétique ; l'usage est illégitime, parce qu'il est psychique. Ici, blasphème ; là, luxure : d'un côté destruction, de l'autre déshonneur pour le Dieu qui institua le mariage. Chez nous, au contraire, qui justifions notre nom de spirituels par la connaissance des dons spirituels, la continence est aussi religieuse que l'usage est pudique, puisque l'un et l'autre sont avec le Créateur. La continence rend gloire à la loi du mariage, l'usage la tempère...."

" Il arriva dernièrement qu'une dispute s'éleva entre un Chrétien et un prosélyte juif. La discussion se prolongea de part et d'autre jusqu'au soir, sans qu'ils eussent rien avancé. D'ailleurs le bruit de quelques auditeurs causait un tel trouble que la vérité demeura comme enveloppée d'un nuage. J'ai donc jugé à propos d'examiner avec plus de soin ce qui n'avait pu être éclaira par la discussion, et d'achever par un traité le développement de ces matières. L'occasion de défendre au nom des nations la grâce divine qui leur appartient, a eu du moins cet avantage qu'un homme, sorti des nations et qui n'est pas Juif, ni de la race d'Israël par le sang, a commencé de revendiquer la loi de Dieu. Il suffirait déjà, en effet, que les nations pussent être admises à la loi de Dieu, pour qu'Israël ne fût pas en droit de répéter avec orgueil que les nations ne sont qu'une goutte d'eau dans un vase d'airain, qu'une paille légère emportée parle vent. ..."

Aux Nations est un écrit apologétique en deux livres. Il se concentre sur la défense du christianisme par la dénonciation des principes du paganisme et la démonstration de ses absurdités, dans un discours "aux peuples".

" Les Valentiniens, secte nombreuse parmi les hérétiques, parce qu'elle se recrute des apostats de la vérité, penche volontiers pour les fables, et n'a rien d'effrayant dans sa discipline ; les Valentiniens n'ont d'autre souci que de cacher ce qu'ils prêchent, si toutefois c'est prêcher que de cacher sa doctrine. Les ténèbres dont ils s'enveloppent sont une précaution qui les accuse. Ils affichent leur ignominie en affirmant leur religion. En effet, le silence qui recouvre les mystères d'Éleusis, espèce d'hérésie dans la superstition grecque, en est la honte. Voilà pourquoi ils imposent de rudes épreuves, réclament une longue initiation, mettent un sceau sur la langue, et fixent à cinq ans la durée du noviciat, afin d'accroître l'estime en ajournant la connaissance et de relever la majesté des mystères en allumant le désir. Puis vient le devoir du silence. On garde avec attention ce qu'on a découvert si tard. D'ailleurs cette divinité qui réside dans le sanctuaire, ces soupirs des candidats, ce sceau apposé sur la langue, à quoi tout cela vient-il aboutir ?..."

" La chair est l'axe du salut: lorsque l'âme est choisie par Dieu en vue de ce salut, c'est la chair qui fait que l'âme peut être ainsi choisie par Dieu. Mais la chair aussi est lavée pour que l'âme soit purifiée, la chair reçoit l'onction pour que l'âme soit consacrée, la chair est marquée d'un signe pour que l'âme soit protégée; la chair est couverte de l'ombre de l'imposition des mains pour que l'âme soit illuminée par l'esprit, la chair se nourrit du corps et du sang du Christ pour que l'âme se repaisse de la force de Dieu. On ne peut donc séparer dans le salaire ce que le travail réunit. Car même les sacrifices agréables à Dieu, je veux dire les luttes de la chair et de l'âme, les jeûnes, les repas différés et frugaux, et les haillons qui sont l'accompagnement de tels exercices, c'est la chair qui les offre à son propre préjudice. La virginité également, le veuvage, la continence cachée dans le secret du mariage et une expérience conjugale unique sont des offrandes à Dieu prises sur les biens de la chair..."

Germania Magna, 8 CE,Thusnelda, princess and warrior of the Cherusci, chafes under the Roman occupation of her ancestral Germanic lands. High taxes, subjugation, and barbaric punishments have cowered too many of her people. Thusnelda will now defy her supposed Roman masters.When her long lost childhood love, Arminius, returns in a legionary uniform at the right hand of the Roman territorial governor, Thusnelda is disgusted by his betrayal. But beneath his polished Roman facade lies the soul of a warrior who never forgot his homeland.Together Thusnelda and Arminius light the spark of rebellion. Not everyone wants to see Rome ousted, though, and their biggest opponent may have the power to stop the rebellion before it starts: Thusnelda's father.Betrothed to the prince of another tribe, Thusnelda must resist Arminius' advances as she struggles to choose the cause of her people over the desires of her heart.If she makes the wrong choice, they risk having no army at all when they face off against three legions in the infamous, audacious Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.

The old gods are gone, and they are taking the ancient world with them.Now, as Rome falls, he must rise.Seventeen years after the barbarian general Odoacer deposed the last Roman Emperor in the west, the young aristocrat Orephes is told by his dying father that he is the last surviving demigod, hidden away by the old gods before they vanished forever.Abandoning his post as as a feared knight in the army of the Roman general Eschelus - an aging yet respected believer in restoring the throne to a "true Roman" - Orephes sets out to Mt. Olympus to reclaim his birthright as the heir to an ancient power he knows little about.As his power grows, so does his connection to the magic that built the ancient world - and the dark forces tearing it down. With the Roman Empire collapsing around him, Orephes must face a destiny forged for him in centuries past - and an enemy that has been waiting for him ever since.

This is the first volume to reconstruct and examine Soviet engagement with world literature from multiple institutional and disciplinary perspectives (intellectual history; literary history and theory; comparative literature; translation studies; diaspora studies); the book is a vital contribution to current debates on world literature in and beyond the field of Slavic and East European Studies.

This book demonstrates how the Russian thought and literature of the 18th ? 19th centuries influenced Jewish thought and Hebrew literature. Absorption of ideological influences is a universal phenomenon that is instrumental to progress and cultural development, and it is accepted in Jewish culture as well.

This invaluable resource offers a comprehensive overview of the Iraq War, with more than 100 in-depth articles by leading scholars on an array of topics and themes and more than a dozen key primary source documents.This book provides everything the reader needs to know about the Iraq War, from the Bush administration's decision to invade Iraq, through the U.S. troop surge in 2007, to the rise of the Islamic State. It offers insight into the war through the events, organizations, and people who have had a major impact on the conflict. It also explains the inadvertent consequences of the conflict including worsening regional sectarian divisions, the Arab Spring, the increase in Iranian influence in the Middle East, and the expansion of international terrorism.The book begins with a sweeping overview of the Iraq War that provides context for each of the reference entries that follow. The introductory material also includes detailed essays on the causes and consequences of the war. The bulk of the book consists of more than 120 reference entries on such topics as Saddam Hussein, the battles of Fallujah, and private military contractors such as Blackwater and Halliburton. In addition, the book includes more than a dozen curated and contextualized primary source documents along with a comprehensive chronology and extensive bibliography.

A comprehensive overview of the history of Turkey ranging from the earliest Neolithic civilizations, to the establishment of the Republic in 1923, to the present-day tenure of President Erdogan.For travelers or students looking for the story behind the evolution of modern-day Turkey, this informative guide traces this country's history and culture from ancient times through the present day. The first half of this book surveys the centuries up to 1923, with the latter half exploring events since the establishment of the Turkish Republic in 1923. By following the timeline of Turkey's development in clear, chronologically ordered chapters, the work lays out the various civilizations whose remains still sit side by side today. This second edition delves into the full scope of Turkey's events since 2001, covering the leadership of the Justice and Development party, the prime ministry and controversial presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdogan, and the Gezi Park protests of 2013. The updated content includes a notable figures appendix, glossary, and bibliography that supplies electronic resources for students.

An updated edition of the acclaimed history of Russia, this new volume includes a wealth of material on events of the last decade.When first published, Charles Ziegler's The History of Russia was acclaimed as a source of information not easily found elsewhere, and as "clear, balanced, and insightful," by Rajan Menon of Lehigh University. Now Ziegler's remarkable volume returns, fully updated to be the work of choice for readers looking for an introduction to the history of the world's largest country.The History of Russia: Second Edition moves from the 10th-century founding of Kievan Rus to the czars to the Communist Era to the present, with particular emphasis on the fall of the Soviet Union and the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev, Boris Yeltsin, and Vladimir Putin. In addition to a new chapter on the tumultuous last decade, this edition features an updated introduction and an expanded chapter on the Yeltsin Era.

This book explores the emerging politics of Eurasia from the vantage point of Kazakhstan. Vladimir Putin¿s decision to invade Ukraine in February 2022 has led to the end of the post-Cold War paradigm of liberal convergence and has triggered a geopolitical shift that will lead to the establishment of a renewed bipolar world order. However, if Russia is responsible for that shift, it will most likely not be the power that will be the leading force of the anti-Western bloc. The leading force of this emerging bloc will rather be China to which Russia is inevitably destined to be relegated as a junior partner in Beijing¿s geopolitical orbit. This book, analyzing the geopolitics of a changing region, will interest scholars of international relations, Eurasia, and the economics of energy.

In classical Tamil, Senkonmai means Righteous Sceptre. In latter centuries it became senmai, or when shortened even further-sen. Kol is the wooden rod used by a shepherd to guide and protect his flock. Combine the two words, and senkol (a word in popular use) becomes the staff (sceptre) a king wields. It is the physical manifestation of austerity, purity, mercy, and truthfulness-the dharmic tenets that guided the rulers of ancient Tamilakam. The sceptre was not a symbol of lordship and power, as was commonly associated with the royal mace in other ancient cultures such as the Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Persian, and even later-day monarchies.In ancient Tamilakam, kings were known as kovalan and kavalan, both terms used interchangeably. Kovalan is the wielder of the senkol. Kavalan is the servant-guardian.A kovalan, by his example, serves and guards and guides the state.If he fails in this duty, he must make good, or if unable to rectify the error, he must pay a penalty. The price could be restitution, such as money to put matters right or some other favour that restores or compensates the damage or loss to the affected constituent, be it a person or an institution. In extreme cases, he must be prepared to forfeit his life. Honour, duty, and accountability demanded this of him.The senkol in the hands of the kovalan constantly reminded him he, as the wielder of the kol, was a mere kavalan, servant-guardian of the state.These obligations on the king were disseminated to the people by temple inscriptions, palm-leaf books, guru-sishyan (teacher-student) discourses, and history enacted through the medium of story-telling (oral tradition), visual arts (portraiture and sculpture), and performance arts (dance and drama).An early example of the kavalan's duty, responsibility, and accountability was expounded in Silapathikaram, the classic Tamil epic composed by Elango-Adigal (the venerable ascetic prince). He was a prince-turned-monk and brother of Senkuttuvan, the Cheran king.Song of the Ankle Rings is based on the Silapathikaram.The Pandyan King, Nedun-Cheliyan, wrongly condemns Kannagi's husband of stealing the queen's anklet, and puts him to death. When she learns of this atrocity, she confronts the king in open court and proves her husband's innocence.The righteous king, horrified by his negligence that had led to the irredeemable error, grabs his chest and cries, "Am I king? No, I am the thief."Distraught and ashamed of the gross injustice committed, he digs his fingers into his chest and dies-his heart having failed him.Panegyrists sang his praises thus: "The kavalan's injustice bent his senkol, yet the kovalan's death reinstated his dynasty's righteousness. Rejoice people, for the senkol stands upright again."Kannagi, arguably the first female protagonist in Tamil literature, is revered in India and the Tamil diaspora as an exemplary model for womanhood. There are temples and statues raised to her memory.Welcome! Hear Kannagi and her husband, Kovalan-his name is an irony in more ways than one-recount their stories in Song of the Ankle Rings.

He already lived before the World Wars, before the invention of electricity, he lived before the discovery of the American continent, he existed before the Holy Roman Empire, before Rome, before Christianity, before the Greek philosophers, before the Great Pyramid of Giza, before the extinction of mammoths, before the first pharaoh...5000 years for a human being is an eternity, but for Kushim, it's just one life... Are you ready to learn his story?

"In Prophet, Intermediary, King: The Dynamics of Mediation in the Biblical World and Old Babylonian Mari, Julie B. Deluty investigates the mediation of prophecy for kings in biblical narratives and the Old Babylonian corpus from Mari. In many cases, the prophet's message is delivered through a third party-sometimes a royal official or family member-who may exercise a degree of autonomy in the transmission of the words. Drawing on social network theory, the book highlights the importance of third-party intermediaries in the process of communication that lies at the core of biblical and ancient Near Eastern prophecy. Recognition of the place of non-prophetic intermediaries in a monarchic system offers a new dimension to the study of prophecy in antiquity"--

* Sélection prix MASTERTON 2024 * Léna emménage avec sa famille dans un petit village reculé de Sibérie. Doctorante en Histoire, elle espère y trouver des réponses sur le mystère qui entoure sa tristement célèbre aïeule afin d'achever sa thèse.Un soir, malgré l'accueil glacial des habitants, les nouveaux venus sont conviés à participer à une célébration locale.Leur séjour vire alors au cauchemar.Léna se réveille amnésique, captive d'une étrange secte et cernée par des créatures sanguinaires. Elle devra affronter l'horreur pour retisser la toile de sa mémoire, retrouver les siens et échapper aux griffes de Prorok.Car rien n'entame la férocité d'une mère séparée de ses enfants.Ni la magie ni le temps.

Military general, intelligence agent, aristocrat, author, historian, major player in the pre-Soviet Russian reactionary right, Alexander Dmitrievich Nechvolodov (1864-1938) yet remains a relatively obscure figure in the Western world's memory of the Russian revolution. In the early twentieth century, his masterpiece The Story of the Russian Land was regarded as one of the best works about the history of Russia and received the highest approval of Emperor Nicholas II, filling the country's libraries. Originally written in 1909, Volume I covers the time period from antiquity to 1054, encompassing the initial dispersal of peoples throughout Eastern Europe, the culture of the Scythians and their various interactions with ancient empires and kingdoms, the relationships of the Rus' people with the Goths, Huns, Avars, Khazars, and others, the creation of the Kievan Rus' state and lives of their early rulers, and the religious influence of the Byzantine Empire on Kievan Rus' and their adoption of Christianity. The complete set of all four volumes was published in 1913 with the addition of over one thousand figures, mostly paintings and engravings, and this edition does include those figures that pertain to Volume I, which enrich the story tremendously. Much unlike the typical, dry historical text, The Story of the Russian Land truly is a story, told with passion and excitement from an author who loved his nation and her people and history. Antelope Hill Publishing is honored to provide the first English translation of The Story of the Russian Land by Alexander Dmitrievich Nechvolodov. Complete with a foreword by the translator, Dennis Sinclair, as well as editorial annotations for the benefit of the modern reader and the addition of geographic maps, this story will captivate Russophiles and lovers of history alike.

Flora Kimmich has translated J.G. Droysen's classic study into English for the first time. Through her masterly rendering she brings this foundational work of modern historiography of the ancient world to a new audience. Based entirely on ancient sources, this is an exhaustive, beautifully narrated account of Alexander from the origins of the ancient Macedonian kingdom to Alexander's death in Babylon in 323 B.C. Droysen's interpretation of Alexander, first published in 1833 by a 25-year-old Privatdozent, is colored both by the idealistic exuberance of German romanticism and the wars of liberation and, in a substantially revised second edition published in 1877, by the imperial optimism of a newly consolidated Germany. This translation of the 1877 edition, with complete notes, does full justice to Droysen's celebrated prose style. The monograph is enhanced with special introductory sections by Glen W. Bowersock and Brian Bosworth. Map.

Investigates and describes the experience of the ordinary Roman soldier from recruitment through every aspect of his career with the legions.

Examines Wellington's campaign of 1811 in the Peninsular War.

A register of memorials to British and Allied soldiers who served in the Peninsular War and at Waterloo.

Well researched, this book synthesises the ancient sources and modern scholarship into an exciting and captivating narrative.

In a time long ago, in a place far away, there was a plan that was about to come into being. It was a plan so big, so vast, so astounding, yet so simple it would only make sense to start with something so small, so tiny, so ordinary, yet so miraculous as the birth of a baby. This is where our story begins...Through stunning illustrations and masterful storytelling, even the littlest readers can learn the historic truth of the birth of Jesus Christ. Witness the love and care surrounding the beginning of our Savior's life - from the love of a mother who followed God's plan, to the love of the family who took them in, to the love of God Whose purposes made it all possible.

Long before Greeks dominated the ancient Mediterranean, Phoenicians were the lords of the sea. Setting out from their Levantine cities, they introduced their alphabet, art, technology, and gods to places as far as off as Iberia. Carolina López-Ruiz highlights the enduring Phoenician imprint, displacing the Hellenocentric model of the ancient world.